Postglacial colonizer or cryptic invader? Case of Gammarus roeselii (Crustacea Amphipoda) in Europe
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1 Postglacial colonizer or cryptic invader? Case of Gammarus roeselii (Crustacea Amphipoda) in Europe Tomasz Rewicz, Paula Krzywozniak, Tomasz Mamos, Karolina Bacela Spychalska, Remi Wattier, Michal Grabowski Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology University of Lodz, Poland Laboratoire Biogéoscience, UMR CNRS 6282 Univeristé Bourgogne Franche-Comte, France
2 Gammarus roeselii Gervais, 1835 neotype locality: river Yonne, at Coulanges-sur-Yonne, France.?
3 Wide & weird distribution range in Europe suggesting spread from the Balkan region. Karaman & Pinkster 1977 Jazdzewski & Roux 1988?
4 Main goal To reveal whether the current distribution of Gammarus roeselii in Europe is a result of population expansion from the diversity hotspot in the Balkans. Grabowski M, Mamos T, Bącela-Spychalska K, Rewicz T, Wattier RA Neogene paleogeography provides context for understanding the origin and spatial distribution of cryptic diversity in a widespread Balkan freshwater amphipod. PeerJ 5:e3016 Krzywozniak P Phylogeography of Gammarus roeselii in Western and Central Europe based on fragment of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) polymorphism. MSc thesis. Supervised by Michal Grabowski, Tomasz Rewicz.
5 Hypothesis I The species will be characterised by high levels of cryptic diversity in the Balkans. Hypothesis II Most of the diversification and speciation events in the Balkans precede the Pleistocene Ice Ages. Hypothesis III Evolutionary history may be linked to presence and deterioration of the Balkan Neogene paleolake system.
6 Hypothesis IV One of the Balkan populations has been the source for colonisation of the Western and Central Europe. Hypothesis V The colonisation of the Western & Central Europe has been due to some anthropogenic factors.
7 Materials & Methods Balkan Region 26 sites 177 individuals
8 Materials & Methods Western & Central Europe 66 sites 651 individuals
9 Materials & Methods mitochondrial DNA: cytochrome oxidase I 650/533 bp 828 individuals sequenced nuclear DNA: 28S rdna 900 bp 50 individuals sequenced
10 DNA barcoding Bayesian chronogram Neighbor-Joining tree Haplotype Minimum Spanning Network Ancestral state reconstructions habitat divergence area MOTU delimitation distance-based phylogeny-based Demographic analyses mismatch distribution neutrality tests Bayesian skyline plots Materials & Methods
11 Results High cryptic diversity at least 13 MOTUs in the Balkans High level of endemism localised distribution of most MOTUs Old divergence lineage diversification from early Miocene till Pleistocene Evidence of habitat shifts during Pleistocene, lakes could serve as microrefugia for riverine populations
12 Results High cryptic diversity at least 13 MOTUs in the Balkans High level of endemism localised distribution of most MOTUs Old divergence lineage diversification from early Miocene till Pleistocene Evidence of habitat shifts during Pleistocene, lakes could serve as microrefugia for riverine populations lineage divergence could be associated with Neogene lacustrine systems
13 Evidence of introgression m hybridisation between lines that diverged already in Miocene (7.5 and 17 Mya)
14 MOTU C Pannonian MOTUs Balkan MOTUs northern Balkans + C&W Europe All C&W Europe in one MOTU three new MOTUs in Pannonian Basin
15 Several group of haplotypesm spatial structure starlike/reticulate topology
16 Group 1 ca. 3-5Ka HI = p = SSD = P = Tajima.D = p = Fu s F = p = 0.00 Group 1 Group 2 ca. 2-8 Ka HI = p = SSD = P = Tajima.D = p = Fu s F = p = 0.00
17 Pannonian diversity hotspot Postglacial Expansion
18 Conclusions Set of cryptic/pseudocryptic species Two diversity hotspots: Balkan Peninsula Pannonian Basin Long history of divergence since Early Miocene Neogene paleolake systems could promote divergence Postglacial expansion of two Pannonian haplotype groups Probably partially promoted by canal construction Gammarus roeselii Gervais, 1835
19 Thanks for your attention. drawn by Paula Krzywozniak
A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 28 February 2017.
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