Fields connected to Phylogeography Microevolutionary disciplines Ethology Demography Population genetics
|
|
- Arabella McCarthy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Stephen A. Roussos Fields connected to Phylogeography Microevolutionary disciplines Ethology Demography Population genetics Macrevolutionary disciplines Historical geography Paleontology Phylogenetic biology Spanning the fields of microevolutionary disciplines and macroevolutionary disciplines is the field of molecular genetics. It is the one field that can possess disciplines at both of these levels and is the reason why 70% of all phylogeographic studies are based primarily or exclusively on mitochondrial DNA. Avise (2000) 1
2 Molecular Genetics Mitochondrial DNA (mtdna) Can be used as a evolutionary clock Very accurate, feasible and effective with modern technology Maternally inherited Paleaogeography Barriers of Historical Dispersal Oceanic, lakes, rivers, canals Mountain ranges, insular formation Major Climatic changes Glaciations Volcanic activity Tectonic movement 2
3 Pleistocene Glaciation at maximal extent 20,000 years ago Hewitt (2000) Pleistocene glaciation 18,000 20,000 years ago was the last glacial maximum which h altered the landscape and climate across the globe. Exposed Beringian land bridge. Connected North America with Russia. Exposed the Sundra shelf. A land bridge connecting Indonesia with Southeastern Asia Connected islands of the UK, Japan, and other insular areas worldwide Hewitt (2000) 3
4 Refugial sites The last glaciation created faunal and floral refugial sites throughout the globe In North America; The southeastern, southwestern and central American refugial sites (Waltari et al. 2007) In Europe; The Balkan Peninsula, the Apennine Peninsula and the Iberian Peninsula (Taberlet et al. 1998) In Asia most refugial spots were located in the Indian Peninsula and Southeastern peninsula Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) Technique establishes spatial distribution of suitable conditions for species Helps locate possible distributional ranges at current time Helps locate possible distributional ranges of historical times Glacial refugia Divergence routes May not agree with phylogenetic studies using molecular genetics Waltari et al. (2007) 4
5 ENMs vs. Molecular Phylogenetics ENMs may not agree with phylogenetic interpretations of historical distributions and refugia. Wiltari et al. (2007) Baja Peninsula refugial site for the California Gnatcatcher (Polioptia californica) Waltari et al. (2007) 5
6 Central and Southwestern refugial site for the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) Waltari et al. (2007) Central and Eastern refugial sites for the Black Ratsnake (Elaphe obsoleta) Waltari et al. (2007) 6
7 Last Glaciation Maximum in Europe There have been three refugial sites found to have existed during the last glacial period in Europe. The Balkan Peninsula The Apennine Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula Dispersal of European fauna after the Pleistocene glaciation using DNA differences Hewitt (2000) 7
8 Volcanic eruptions: Mt. Krakatoa Recolonization of fauna in an event of a volcanic eruption has been monitored in several groups of animals within the last century. Bats Stomatopods Butterflies Termites Land birds Plants STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY Knowles and Maddison 2002 Objective approach vs. ad hoc approach Since the field of phylogeography has been growing, great caution needs to be made about conclusions on past events based solely on genetic variation. Using data outside of molecular sources (i.e. paleontology, palaeogeography ) that may offer to the history that underlies the structure suggested by molecular genetic analysis. Combining the disciplines of statistics and phylogeography will offer a more accurate stochastically derived expectation of historical events rather than explicitly considering historic geographic scenarios, which has been a trend in many phylogeographic studies. 8
9 Gene Divergence vs. Population Divergence Knowles and Maddison (2002) Nested Clade Phylogenetic Analysis (NCPA) Holsinger (2008) This form of analysis has become a widely used technique in phylogeographical studies It uses parsimony to construct a statistically supportable haplotype network Once nested clades are identified using molecular genetics then; Test for association iti between geography and haplotype distribution Identify the processes that could have produced the association 9
10 Geographical Information Systems (GIS) GIS has been used in phylogeographical studies to create sophisticated maps that can be used in many scenarios depending on the specific study. GIS incorporates maps of all types (i.e. topographical maps, climatic maps, political maps, energy consumption, etc.) By incorporating the data that influences the taxa of your study, you are able to analyze those relations to a possible range on a map. Ormsby et al. (2004) 10
Phylogeography Historical Biogeography of the Species
Historical biogeography traditionally deals with relationships among species, genera, and higher taxonomic groups and the areas they occupy Due to advances in DNA sequencing and fingerprinting methods,
More informationBiogeography expands:
Biogeography expands: Phylogeography Ecobiogeography Due to advances in DNA sequencing and fingerprinting methods, historical biogeography has recently begun to integrate relationships of populations within
More informationGeography of Evolution
Geography of Evolution Biogeography - the study of the geographic distribution of organisms. The current distribution of organisms can be explained by historical events and current climatic patterns. Darwin
More informationBiogeography. An ecological and evolutionary approach SEVENTH EDITION. C. Barry Cox MA, PhD, DSc and Peter D. Moore PhD
Biogeography An ecological and evolutionary approach C. Barry Cox MA, PhD, DSc and Peter D. Moore PhD Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, Fmnklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London
More informationConseguenze genetiche della frammentazione
Conseguenze genetiche della frammentazione Ettore Randi Laboratorio di Genetica ISPRA, sede di Ozzano Emilia (BO) ettore.randi@isprambiente.it The most important direct drivers of change in ecosystems
More informationGenetic diversity of beech in Greece
Genetic diversity of beech in Greece A.C. Papageorgiou (1), I. Tsiripidis (2), S. Hatziskakis (1) Democritus University of Thrace Forest Genetics Laboratory Orestiada, Greece (2) Aristotle University of
More informationTHE PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE ON EVOLUTION OF ENDEMISM IN THE CAUCASIAN AVIFAUNA: PRELIMINARY DATA
THE PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE ON EVOLUTION OF ENDEMISM IN THE CAUCASIAN AVIFAUNA: PRELIMINARY DATA Sergei V. Drovetski, Robert M. Zink 2, Michael Westberg 2, Igor V. Fadeev, Yevgeniy V. Nesterov, Yevgeniy
More informationApplications of Genetics to Conservation Biology
Applications of Genetics to Conservation Biology Molecular Taxonomy Populations, Gene Flow, Phylogeography Relatedness - Kinship, Paternity, Individual ID Conservation Biology Population biology Physiology
More informationPh ylogeography. A guide to the study of the spatial distribution of Seahorses. By Leila Mougoui Bakhtiari
Ph ylogeography A guide to the study of the spatial distribution of Seahorses By Leila Mougoui Bakhtiari Contents An Introduction to Phylogeography JT Bohem s Resarch Map of erectu s migration Conservation
More informationLecture 11 Friday, October 21, 2011
Lecture 11 Friday, October 21, 2011 Phylogenetic tree (phylogeny) Darwin and classification: In the Origin, Darwin said that descent from a common ancestral species could explain why the Linnaean system
More information2008 SIVECO Romania. All Rights Reserved. Geography. AeL econtent Catalogue
2008 SIVECO Romania. All Rights Reserved. Geography AeL econtent Catalogue The Earth's Movements Recommended for two hours of teaching. AeL Code: 352. 2. The Earth Rotation Movement in 24 hours 3. The
More informationCURRICULUM COURSE OUTLINE
CURRICULUM COURSE OUTLINE Course Name(s): World Area Studies Grade(s): 9-11 Department: Social Studies Course Length: 1 Semester Pre-requisite: None Textbook/Key Resource: No Primary Textbook Course Description:
More informationGIS Applications to Museum Specimens
GIS Applications to Museum Specimens Joseph Grinnell (1877 1939) At this point I wish to emphasize what I believe will ultimately prove to be the greatest value of our museum. This value will not, however,
More informationOver 20 years ago, John Avise coined the term
Comparative Phylogeography: Designing Studies while Surviving the Process Articles Tania A. Gutiérrez-García and Ella Vázquez-Domínguez Comparative phylogeography (CP) can be defined as the study of the
More informationEvolution Problem Drill 10: Human Evolution
Evolution Problem Drill 10: Human Evolution Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. Which of the following statements is true regarding the human phylogenetic relationship with the African great apes? Question
More informationEvolution Evidence of Change
6 Evolution Evidence of Change lesson 3 Evolution and Plate Tectonics Grade Seven Science Content Standard. 4.f. Students know how movements of Earth's continental and oceanic plates through time, with
More informationTropical Rainforests in the Pleistocene
Tropical Rainforests in the Pleistocene tropics stable during Pleistocene? 1 C temperature drop based on 1976 CLIMAP study of warm vs. cold loving forams (vs. 10 C in North Atlantic) Paleothermometers
More informationTropical Rainforests in the Pleistocene
Tropical Rainforests in the Pleistocene tropics stable during Pleistocene? 1 C temperature drop based on 1976 CLIMAP study of warm vs. cold loving forams (vs. 10 C in North Atlantic) Pollen analysis of
More informationUnit 1: Basics of Geography Test Review
Name Date Period Unit 1: Basics of Geography Test Review Directions: Reading the following sections and complete the questions, charts, and diagrams. Types of Maps Maps that have a particular theme are
More informationPhylogeography. Primer. Brent C. Emerson and Godfrey M. Hewitt
Magazine R67 Primer Phylogeography Brent C. Emerson and Godfrey M. Hewitt Phylogeography [] is a young and fast-growing field that analyses the geographical distribution of genealogical lineages. It grew
More informationVertebrate Biogeography and Evolution
Vertebrate Biogeography and Evolution Phylogeny, Plate Tectonics, and Climate Less Digitigrady More Location 1 Location 2 Location 3 Location 4 Biogeography The study of the distribution of species, organisms,
More informationZoogeographic Regions. Reflective of the general distribution of energy and richness of food chemistry
Terrestrial Flora & Fauna Part II In short, the animal and vegetable lines, diverging widely above, join below in a loop. 1 Asa Gray Zoogeographic Regions Reflective of the general distribution of energy
More informationTESTING PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC HYPOTHESES IN A EURO-SIBERIAN COLD-ADAPTED LEAF BEETLE WITH COALESCENT SIMULATIONS
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00755.x TESTING PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC HYPOTHESES IN A EURO-SIBERIAN COLD-ADAPTED LEAF BEETLE WITH COALESCENT SIMULATIONS Patrick Mardulyn, 1,2 Yuri E. Mikhailov,
More informationQuestion #1: What are some ways that you think the climate may have changed in the area where you live over the past million years?
Reading 5.2 Environmental Change Think about the area where you live. You may see changes in the landscape in that area over a year. Some of those changes are weather related. Others are due to how the
More informationBeyond control: agricultural heritage and the Anthropocene
Beyond control: agricultural heritage and the Anthropocene Daniel Niles Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto Japan RIHN/UC Berkeley International Workshop Food, Agriculture and Human Impacts
More informationbenchmark C. a lava flow from a volcano D. an avalanche down a mountain A. rift valley B. deep trench C. volcanic cone D.
Name: Date: 1. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event. Which natural event most likely caused the crack in the road? A. wind B. earthquake C. a lava flow from a volcano D. an avalanche
More informationThe formation of new species from existing species by the accumulation of variation is called as speciation.
HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION Speciation :- The formation of new species from existing species by the accumulation of variation is called as speciation. It is mainly due to one or more of the following factors.
More informationEarth s Changing Continents
2 What You Will Learn Earth s continents have moved around Earth s surface throughout Earth s history and have only recently arrived at their current locations. Rocks and fossils provide evidence of continental
More informationConceptually, we define species as evolutionary units :
Bio 1M: Speciation 1 How are species defined? S24.1 (2ndEd S26.1) Conceptually, we define species as evolutionary units : Individuals within a species are evolving together Individuals of different species
More informationEvolution. Darwin s Voyage
Evolution Darwin s Voyage Charles Darwin Explorer on an observation trip to the Galapagos Islands. He set sail on the HMS Beagle in 1858 from England on a 5 year trip. He was a naturalist (a person who
More informationIntroduction to Human Geography. Unit 1: It s Nature and Perspective
Introduction to Human Geography Unit 1: It s Nature and Perspective Questions that Geography addresses: Where are things located? Why are they important? How are places related? How are places connected?
More informationMolecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution
Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution Second Edition JOHN C. AVISE University of Georgia Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts Contents PART I Background CHAPTER 1:
More informationPee Dee Explorer. Science Standards
Science Standards About Pee Dee Explorer What does it mean when someone says they are from the "Pee Dee" of South Carolina? A place is bigger than its physical geography. A "sense of place" weaves together
More information2 Earth s Changing Continents
CHAPTER 9 SECTION The History of Life on Earth 2 Earth s Changing Continents California Science Standards 7.4.a, 7.4.e, 7.4.f BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these
More informationUnderstanding Projections
GEOGRAPHY SKILLS 1 Understanding Projections The earth is a sphere and is best shown as a globe. For books and posters, though, the earth has to be represented as a flat object. To do this, mapmakers create
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore ISTHMU S tombolo For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources,
More informationBIOS 230 Landscape Ecology. Lecture #32
BIOS 230 Landscape Ecology Lecture #32 What is a Landscape? One definition: A large area, based on intuitive human scales and traditional geographical studies 10s of hectares to 100s of kilometers 2 (1
More informationAP Human Geography. Basic Concepts
AP Human Geography Basic Concepts An in-depth Social Science Many people have misconceptions about geography and think of the discipline as simply an exercise in memorizing place names. Where we find Geography?
More informationGeography Route Planner
Geography Route Planner Introduction to Route Planners Route Planners outline the Key Stages 1-3 curriculum to be taught within each campus of the Bury St Edmunds Trust. Each Route Planner has been designed
More informationContinental Drift. & Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift & Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener, a German scientist, proposed the hypothesis of CONTINENTAL DRIFT, in 1912. Hypothesis stated: All Earth s continents were once a single landmass (Pangaea)
More informationhttps://goo.gl/buxfyv HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY
https://goo.gl/buxfyv HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY How do we reconstruct the origin, dispersal, and extinction of taxa? How historical events have affect the biology on the planet? Changing climate and physical
More informationThis image cannot currently be displayed. Course Catalog. World Geography Glynlyon, Inc.
This image cannot currently be displayed. Course Catalog World Geography 2016 Glynlyon, Inc. Table of Contents COURSE OVERVIEW... 1 UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY... 1 UNIT 2: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY... 1 UNIT
More informationMajor geological events fit into a timeline, beginning with the formation of the Earth
Chapter 4 Major geological events fit into a timeline, beginning with the formation of the Earth 4.1 The origin and development of life William Smith was a canal engineer who supervised the excavation
More informationThe Tempo of Macroevolution: Patterns of Diversification and Extinction
The Tempo of Macroevolution: Patterns of Diversification and Extinction During the semester we have been consider various aspects parameters associated with biodiversity. Current usage stems from 1980's
More informationOn Earth, the land is broken into large pieces. These pieces are separated by large bodies of water called oceans. We call some of these pieces of
The 7 Continents On Earth, the land is broken into large pieces. These pieces are separated by large bodies of water called oceans. We call some of these pieces of land continents. A continent is an area
More informationProceedings of the 11 th Pacific Rim Termite Research Group Conference Kunming, China (18 19 April 2016), Brian Forschler (ed.
Biogeography history, morphological variation of Macrotermes gilvus and patterns of interaction specificity with its fungal symbiont, Termitomyces sp. in Southeast Asia by G. Veera Singham 1), Ahmad Sofiman
More informationCurriculum Catalog
2017-2018 Curriculum Catalog 2017 Glynlyon, Inc. Table of Contents WORLD GEOGRAPHY COURSE OVERVIEW...1 UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY... 1 UNIT 2: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY... 1 UNIT 3: NORTH AMERICA... 2 UNIT
More informationStatistical phylogeography
Molecular Ecology (2002) 11, 2623 2635 Statistical phylogeography Blackwell Science, Ltd L. LACEY KNOWLES and WAYNE P. MADDISON Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson,
More information... Asia. Based on Bloom s Taxonomy. Human & Movement. Location Place. Regions. Environment. Interactions
... Asia Location Place Human & Environment Interactions Movement Regions LEVEL 1 Knowledge Match Show or Label List Information Recall Details (5Ws + H) Find Information LEVEL 2 Comprehension LEVEL 3
More information2 Georgia: Its Heritage and Its Promise
TERMS region, erosion, fault, elevation, Fall Line, aquifer, marsh, climate, weather, precipitation, drought, tornado, hurricane, wetland, estuary, barrier island, swamp PLACES Appalachian Mountains, Appalachian
More informationPALEOGEOGRAPHY of NYS. Definitions GEOLOGIC PROCESSES. Faulting. Folding 9/6/2012. TOPOGRAPHIC RELIEF MAP of NYS GRADATIONAL TECTONIC
TOPOGRAPHIC RELIEF MAP of NYS PALEOGEOGRAPHY of NYS Prof. Anthony Grande AFG 2012 Definitions GEOLOGIC PROCESSES Geography: study of people living on the surface of the earth. Geology: the scientific study
More informationHOW GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY AFFECT BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
HOW GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY AFFECT BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Factors Affecting Extinction Rates Natural Factors Climate change Cataclysmic event (volcano, earthquake) Human Activities Habitat Loss/Fragmentation
More informationChapter 26: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Phylogenies Show Evolutionary Relationships
Chapter 26: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life You Must Know The taxonomic categories and how they indicate relatedness. How systematics is used to develop phylogenetic trees. How to construct a phylogenetic
More informationDistribution of Natural Resources 7 th Grade PSI Science
Distribution of Natural Resources 7 th Grade PSI Science Name Directions: Humans and animals use natural resources every day. But where are these resources found? The maps below show the distribution of
More informationBefore Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift
Before Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift Predecessor to modern plate tectonics Shape and fit of the continents was the initial evidence Snider-Pelligrini (1858) Taylor (1908) Wegner (1915) Fig.
More informationTerrain Units PALEOGEOGRAPHY: LANDFORM CREATION. Present Geology of NYS. Detailed Geologic Map of NYS
NYS TOPOGRAPHY Why so? PALEOGEOGRAPHY: LANDFORM CREATION Prof. Anthony Grande AFG 014 Present Geology of NYS Detailed Geologic Map of NYS Generalized Geology Detailed Geology Hot links to the fold out
More informationRange of Opportunities
Geograhy Curriculum Cropwell Bishop Primary School Range of Opportunities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 All Key Stage 1 Key Stage 2 Investigate the countries and capitals of the United Kingdom.
More informationWorld Industrial Regions
World Industrial Regions North America Industrialized areas in North America Changing distribution of U.S. manufacturing Europe Western Europe Eastern Europe East Asia Manufacturing Regions Fig. 11-3:
More informationRange-wide chloroplast DNA phylogeographies of three widespread Australian cool temperate rainforest plants
Range-wide chloroplast DNA phylogeographies of three widespread Australian cool temperate rainforest plants by James Raymond Peter Worth, BSc (Hons). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the
More informationThe World of Geography Pre-Test/Study Guide Chapter 1 Test
Read each statement or question. On the lines below write the letter of the best answer. 1. Geographers look at the Earth 5. What are the two specific A. by studying cities first. measurements of Earth
More informationWake Acceleration Academy - Biology Note Guide Unit 6: Evolution & The Diversity of Life
Wake Acceleration Academy - Biology Note Guide Unit 6: Evolution & The Diversity of Life Extra Resources Website: http://waa-science.weebly.com Module 1: Darwin and Natural Selection Vocabulary Term Charles
More informationSeptember 14, 2013 Objective: How does geography impact history? What important features exist that have shaped societies?
Lowenhaupt 1 September 14, 2013 Objective: How does geography impact history? What important features exist that have shaped societies? Warm-Up: In your binder, answer the following question: Imagine you
More informationPhysical Geography. Ariel view of the Amazon Rainforest. A Look at the Seven Continents
Physical Geography In this unit you will learn about general physical geography. The study of the Earth s surface features provides the setting for the human-environmental interactions and for the human
More informationThis image cannot currently be displayed. Course Catalog. History and Geography Glynlyon, Inc.
This image cannot currently be displayed. Course Catalog History and Geography 2016 Glynlyon, Inc. History and Geography Table of Contents COURSE OVERVIEW... 1 UNIT 1: OUR EARTH... 1 UNIT 2: SEAPORT CITIES...
More informationDiversity and Human Evolution. Homo neanderthalensis. Homo neanderthalensis. Homo neanderthalensis. Homo neanderthalensis. Part II
Diversity and Human Evolution Part II Neanderthal 1 La Chapelle-aux-Saints Photograph byrheinisches LandesmuseumBonn Photographs by John Reader Mount Circeo Photograph by Ministry of Culture, Italy An
More informationEvidence for Evolution
Evidence for Evolution 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Paleontology Comparative Anatomy Embryology Comparative Biochemistry Geographical Distribution How old is everything? The History of Earth as a Clock Station 1: Paleontology
More informationThe Origin of Species The Making of a Theory
DISCOVERING THE WALLACE LINE BACKGROUND This activity supports the HHMI short film The Origin of Species:. Students are presented with a map of the Malay Archipelago and a series of observations of animals.
More informationPhylogeny and Speciation. Early Human Evolution and Migration. Mitochondrial Eve 2/15/17
Phylogeny and Speciation Early Human Evolution and Migration Using phylogenies to understand evolution Human history Speciation Species concepts Allopatric and sympatric Reproductive isolating mechanisms
More informationUnit 1 Test - Version A
Unit 1 Test - Version A 1. Approximately, how many degrees of longitude equal one time zone change? a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20 e. 25 2. The city of Lewisville has a population of 1,000 people living in 100
More informationAcademic Vocabulary CONTENT BUILDER FOR THE PLC WORLD GEOGRAPHY
Academic Vocabulary CONTENT BUILDER FOR THE PLC WORLD GEOGRAPHY : academic vocabulary directly taken from the standard STANDARD WG.1A analyze the effects of physical and human geographic patterns and processes
More informationGeography. Programmes of study for Key Stages 1-3
Geography Programmes of study for Key Stages 1-3 February 2013 Contents Purpose of study 3 Aims 3 Attainment targets 3 Subject content 4 Key Stage 1 4 Key Stage 2 5 Key Stage 3 6 2 Purpose of study A high-quality
More informationWorld History: Grade 9 Lesson 1: Unit 0.2 Seeing the World
World History: Grade 9 Lesson 1: Unit 0.2 Seeing the World Unit 0.2 Lesson 1: Seeing the World M.T. Donkin Unit Objectives: 1.) Differentiate among various flat world map projections in terms of their
More informationCanadian Geo Course Introduction
Canadian Geo 1202 Course Introduction Course Overview Unit 1 Natural and Human Systems (SCO 1.0 and SCO 2.0) - What happens when systems interact? In this unit students are challenged to reflect on the
More informationGAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME LIFE SCIENCES GRADE 12 SESSION 4 (LEARNER NOTES)
TOPIC 2: THEORIES OF EVOLUTION (PART 1) Learner Note: Evolution is a theory. Evolution is change over time. Diversity is the RESULT of this change over time. If a trait is good, the organism survives and
More informationSocial Studies Curriculum Sixth Grade
Social Studies Curriculum Sixth Grade A. History Students will examine the key historic movements, events, and figures that contributed to the development of modern Europe and American nations from early
More informationWorld History: Grade 9 Lesson 3: Unit 0.2 The Personality of Earth s Surface
World History: Grade 9 Lesson 3: Unit 0.2 The Personality of Earth s Surface Unit 0.2 Lesson 3: The Personality of Earth s Surface M.T. Donkin Unit Objectives: 1.) Differentiate among various flat world
More informationSlow and Steady By ReadWorks
By ReadWorks How did all the amazing things on our planet form? How did magnificent mountain ranges rise up in one place and beautiful beaches form elsewhere? Why do some places experience earthquakes
More informationBarlows Primary School Geography Curriculum Content Key Stage 1 and
Geography Curriculum Content Key Stage 1 and 2 2017-2018 Curriculum Content Year 1 The content for Year 1 is detailed below: WHAT ARE SEASONS? WHAT SIT LIKE WHERE WE LIVE? WHERE DO DIFFERENT ANIMALS LIVE?
More informationChapter 7. Evolution and the Fossil Record
Chapter 7 Evolution and the Fossil Record 1 Guiding Questions What lines of evidence convinced Charles Darwin that organic evolution produced the species of the modern world? What are the two components
More informationName. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 2 1 March 2014
Name 1 Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 2 1 March 2014 1. Use the following matrix of nucleotide sequence data and the corresponding tree to answer questions a. through h. below. (16 points)
More informationCHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION. Habitat fragmentation, or the subdivision of once-continuous tracts of habitat into
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION Habitat fragmentation, or the subdivision of once-continuous tracts of habitat into discontinuous patches, has been implicated as a primary factor in the loss of species (Harris
More informationSchool Program Name: Name of Sanctuary: Grade Level: Grades 6 8 Location Options: Time:
School Program Name: Name of Sanctuary: Grade Level: Grades 6 8 Location Options: Time: For more info: Landforms of New England Moose Hill Wildlife Sanctuary At the sanctuary 2 hours or combine with another
More informationUNIT 4: POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF SPACE
UNIT 4: POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF SPACE Advanced Placement Human Geography Session 1 ADVANCED PLACEMENT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY REVIEW SESSIONS: UNIT FOUR By Geri Flanary To accompany AP Human Geography: A Study
More informationOf topic specific knowledge and understanding To encourage progressive development in 'thinking geographically'
[August 2012] Content exemplars 1. Broad description of the content: Single paragraph, written with technical precision Content rigour (avoiding generic statements) Identifying the core of essential knowledge
More informationThe structure of the Earth and how its motion creates the seasons. The landforms of the earth and the forces that shape the land.
The structure of the Earth and how its motion creates the seasons. The landforms of the earth and the forces that shape the land. The role of wind and water in creating climate. The different climate and
More informationAbout places and/or important events Landmarks Maps How the land is, hills or flat or mountain range Connected to maps World Different countries
What do you think you know about geography? About places and/or important events Landmarks Maps How the land is, hills or flat or mountain range Connected to maps World Different countries What do you
More informationEvolution Problem Drill 09: The Tree of Life
Evolution Problem Drill 09: The Tree of Life Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. The age of the Earth is estimated to be about 4.0 to 4.5 billion years old. All of the following methods may be used to estimate
More informationSCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION. Using Anatomy, Embryology, Biochemistry, and Paleontology
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION Using Anatomy, Embryology, Biochemistry, and Paleontology Scientific Fields Different fields of science have contributed evidence for the theory of
More informationChapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Matching. Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all. 1. hydrothermal vents A. convergent
More informationCommon Descent with Modification Evolution and Its Core Principles. Common Descent with Modification. Natural Selection
16.1 Evolution and Its Core Principles Common Descent with Modification Descent with modification A key theory of evolution Describes the process by which species of living things can undergo modification
More information4/4/2017. Extrinsic Isolating Barriers. 1. Biological species concept: 2. Phylogenetic species concept:
Chapter 13 The origin of species 13.1 What Is a Species? p. 414 Ways to identify species 1. Biological species concept: 1. There are many different concepts of species 2. Species are important taxonomic
More informationUON, CAS, DBSC, General Biology II (BIOL102) Dr. Mustafa. A. Mansi. The Origin of Species
The Origin of Species Galápagos Islands, landforms newly emerged from the sea, despite their geologic youth, are filled with plants and animals known no-where else in the world, Speciation: The origin
More informationCurriculum map GEOGRAPHY
Curriculum map Learning outcomes (LOs): Having completed a major in Geography, a student will be able to: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the major biophysical and social patterns in the world, and
More informationChapter 22: Descent with Modification 1. BRIEFLY summarize the main points that Darwin made in The Origin of Species.
AP Biology Chapter Packet 7- Evolution Name Chapter 22: Descent with Modification 1. BRIEFLY summarize the main points that Darwin made in The Origin of Species. 2. Define the following terms: a. Natural
More informationGeography for Life. Course Overview
Geography for Life Description In Geography for Life students will explore the world around them. Using the six essential elements established by the National Geographic Society students will be able to
More informationSTUDY GUIDE. Exploring Geography. Chapter 1, Section 1. Terms to Know DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCE ORGANIZING YOUR THOUGHTS
For use with textbook pages 19 22. Exploring Geography Terms to Know location A specific place on the earth (page 20) absolute location The exact spot at which a place is found on the globe (page 20) hemisphere
More informationGeologic Time. The Cenozoic Era. 7. Mammals evolved after dinosaurs became extinct.
Geologic Time The Cenozoic Era Key Concepts What major geologic events occurred during the Cenozoic era? What does fossil evidence reveal about the Cenozoic era? What do you think? Read the two statements
More informationGLY July Ms. Nelda Breedt. Plates move slowly and eventually.
GLY 162 Tectonic Processes: Volcanism Ms. Nelda Breedt GLY 162 Environmental Geology Plate Tectonics Plates move slowly and eventually. 2 Spread apart (divergent plates) Dive beneath one another (converging
More informationIR-17: Cause and Effect Reading to Learn
IR-17: Cause and Effect Reading to Learn Define the following terms: land hemisphere island peninsula isthmus continental drift fault subduction Ring of Fire soil 2013 Region 4 Education Service Center
More informationThe Geography of Speciation: Case Studies from Birds
Evo Edu Outreach (2012) 5:541 546 DOI 10.1007/s12052-012-0411-4 GEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION The Geography of Speciation: Case Studies from Birds Robert M. Zink Published online: 25 April 2012 # Springer Science+Business
More information