GEO GRAPHICAL RESEARCH

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1 GEO GRAPHICAL RESEARCH Vol. 21, No. 1 Jan., 2002 : (2002) , 2 (11, ; 21, ) : 50, 316MaBP 1000m, kaBP, : 38 22MaBP MaBP MaBP MaBP 0115MaBP : ; ; ; ; : P531 ; K927 : A, ( ) - -,,, [1-9 ] 70, ( ), ( ), - ( ) ( ),,, [10 20 ] 90,,, : ; : : ( G ) ; ( KZ9512A12204, DZ95 T06) : (19392),,,

2 62 21 [21, 22 ] 1,, 1964, [7 3000m 23 ],, m [24 ] 70,,,,,, 2, m, 3000m [10 ], 6 7Ma,, [ ], [13 ],,,,,, 1000m,, [11 25 ], [26 ], 14MaBP,, [27 ] 8MaBP [30 ], 8MaBP [28 ],, [29 ],, 8MaBP 90 [21 ],,, 37MaBP, 316MaBP [32 ], 30MaBP, 316MaBP, 21MaBP,, 7MaBP,, [21 ], J1Quade 13 C [33 ],

3 1 : 63,,, 8MaBP,,, [21 34 ],,,, 7MaBP, 316MaBP ; [21 35 ], [36 711MaBP 37 ],,, [38 ] MaBP,,, [36 ],, 8MaBP [ ], (3 4MaBP) ( ), 1000m [21 35 ] ( MaBP) ( Karewa ), [35,36 ], m [22,31 ] 2 50 ; 60, [8 9 ] ; 70, [ ], 4, 3, 2 3, 90, , [39 ] ( TL) kaBP, ( 14 C) aBP aBP, ( 14 C) aBP, aBP aBP L 2 L 1 - L 1 -, kaBP [40 ] ESR 0171MaBP, 36 Cl ka, B/ M, 70

4 64 21, , kaBP [41,42 ], E1Huntington (1906), E1Trinkler (1930) B1M1 (1958) Sven Hedin ( ) M1 Kuhle [43 ], 4000m ( ) 5000m ( ), m, km 2, [44 ] [45 ] 40,, [39 ],, ;, ; m,, ( ) ;, 6000m,, 5,,,,,, 3600m, 5500m, 6000m, 4500m, m, 1000m ; m, M1 Kuhle,,,, 4 115, [39 ] ,, 90,,,, 5

5 1 : 65 : (125/ / 82kaBP) (75/ 82 58kaBP) (58 32/ 28ka BP) (32 10ka BP) (10 0kaBP), (M IS) 5 1 [46,21 ] (M IS5e) 5, 3 4, 12 [21 ], 1 ( ) [46 ], 2 [47 ], [48 ] 10, 40 25kaBP,, 10, [49 ], (L GM) 7, ( 5 ), 23kaBP, 9 [46 ] ;, 18kaBP, 6 [48 ], 715,, [50 ] 12kaBP,,,, kaBP 11, [51 ], 11kaBP [52 56 ],,, 1019kaBP O 7 ( 11 ), kaBP, - 4 3kaBP [57 59 ],, [59 ], 7 6kaBP, 115 ( ) [46 ],, 8kaBP 4 3kaBP,, aBP aBP a a aBP 17 19, 11kaBP 72m,,,, [60 ] 3ka,,,, 9kaBP, 3kaBP [57 ], kaBP, ; kaBP, ; kaBP,, ; 312kaBP,, [59 ] 4500m,, / 136,, /

6 aBP,, aBP, [61 ] [62 ] 4 40Ma 5 : (1) (38 22MaBP) 2 40MaBP,,, 2000m 4000m [63 ] 2000m,, 38MaBP,,, [21 ] ;, [64 ] (2) (22 316MaBP) 22MaBP, 2000m, :,,, [21 ] 19 7MaBP 7MaBP ( ),,,,,,, [62 ],, 316MaBP 1000m [35 ] 8MaBP [64 ] (3) ( MaBP) 316MaBP, m, MaBP [65 ], A (316MaBP) B (216MaBP) C (117MaBP) 216MaBP 2000m,,,, (, 1999),, Ma BP [66 ], 117Ma BP [21,67 ] (4) ( Ma BP) MaBP,, ( ) ( ) 3000m 3500m,

7 1 : m [41 ],, M IS16,, km 2, [39 ],, 7 8, , [42 ],,,,, [21 ] (5) (0115 0MaBP) (0115MaBP),, 800m, , mm/ a, 819mm/ a [68 ] (15 ), -, 5,,,,,,, ( ),, [35 ],,,,,,,,,,? 316MaBP?, :,,,,,,

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9 1 : 69 (D),1998,28 (6) : [ 37 ],,Shaw J,..,D, 1998,28 (1) : [ 38 ],,,..,1997 (2) : [ 39 ],,.. : [ 40 ],,..,1990, (7) : [ 41 ],,,. 800ka. : (1994). :, [ 42 ],,, ,17 (2) : [43 ] Kuhle M. Subtropical mountain and highland glaciation as Ice Age triggers and the waning of the glacial periods in the Pleistocene. GeoJ., 1987, 13 (6) :1 29. [ 44 ],,,..,1999 (5) : [ 45 ]..,1989,35 (5) : [ 46 ], Thompson L G,.., (D),1997,27 (5) : [ 47 ],. T. K.,.. :, [ 48 ],,. 25.,1996,13 (4) : [ 49 ]..,2000,55 (2) : [ 50 ],,.., 1994, 49 (4) : [ 51 ],,.., 1997, 42 (18) : [52 ],,,..,1995, 39 (18) : [ 53 ],, a.,1992,49 (1) : [ 54 ] Gasse F, Amold M, Fontes J C, et al. A year climate record from western Tibet. Nature, 1991,353. [ 55 ],,,. 30ka. (D),1996,26 (2) : [ 56 ] Lister G S et al. Lake Qinghai,China : Closed basin lake levels and the oxygen isotope record for Osdtracoda since the latest Pleistocene. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimtology Palaeoecology,1991, 84 : [ 57 ],,,..,1982, 1 (4) : [58 ],.. :. :, 1992, [ 59 ] Gasse F, Fontes J CH, Campo E Yan, et al. Holocene environmental changes in Bangong Co Basin ( Western Tibet). Paleogeography Paleoclimatology Paleoecology, 1996,120 : [ 60 ],,. 150.,2001,20 (2) : [ 61 ],..,1989,34 (7) : [ 62 ],,.. :, [ 63 ]. [ A]1. :, [ 64 ],,,..,1999, 54 (1) : [65 ] Deng Xiuqin. The of the Kuche and Xiyu formation of the Tarim Basin. 30 th International Geological Congress Ab2 stract,1996 ( I) :85. [ 66 ],,,..,1999,73 (1) :1 5. [ 67 ],, :, [ 68 ],,,..,1991,36 (21) :

10 70 21 Progress in paleogeographic study of the Tibetan Plateau L I Bing2yuan 1, PAN Bao2tian 2 (11Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing , China ; 21Lanzhou University, Lanzhou , China) Abstract :This article summarizes research progress in some basic problems on paleogeographic revolution of the Tibetan Plateau in the last 50 years, especially recent decade. Based on reviews of current viewpoint s and analysis of Miocene and Pliocene paleo2 geographies, it was suggested that altitude of the Tibetan Plateau was less than 1000m before 3. 6Ma BP and intense uplift of the plateau began at that time. The ages of last three glaciations in the plateau are , and 82 10ka BP respectively, which are comparable with oxygen isotopic stages in deep sea. Large ice sheet did not exist in the Tibetan Plateau in t he Maximum Glaciation of Pleistocene. Environmental changes were f requent wit h high amplit ude and desiccation occurred in t he Tibetan Plateau since t he last interglacial period. Important phases and event s of paleo2 geographic evolution in Cenozoic are : t ropical and subt ropical lowland cont rolled by planetary wind system between 38 and 22Ma BP, appearance of paleo2monsoon and development of main plana2 tion surface between 22 and 3. 6Ma BP, intense uplift resulting in the formation of the modern mon2 soon and development of water system between 3. 6 and 1. 7Ma BP, entrance of cryosphere and maximum glaciation between 1. 1 and 0. 6Ma BP, and intense uplift and desiccation of climate in the inner plateau. Finally, some important problems need to be researched in f ut ure are suggested. It is indi2 cated t hat key to breakt hroughs in paleogeographical research lies in analysis of depositional basins and st ratified landforms in and around t he plateau, precise dating and explanation of high2resolution environmental information. Key words :the Tibetan Plateau ; paleogeography ; uplift of the plateau ; ancient glacier ;climatic and environmental event s