Bedrock Geology

Transcription

1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE VOLUME I Bedrock Geology The interpreted bedrock surface elevation in the study area is shown on Figure and varies from approximately to 105 masl in the southwestern corner of the area to as low as 15 to 25 masl in the northwestern corner. A buried bedrock ridge trending north-northeast occurs approximately 6 kilometres east of the Site that rises approximately 20 metres to between elevations of approximately 60 to 80 masl, which coincides with a low surface topographic ridge. Along this ridge the shale is at surface at the Russell Shale Quarry. The bedrock surface beneath the Site forms an irregular bowl shape varying in elevation between approximately 36 and 46 masl, compared to a ground surface elevation of approximately 76 to 77.5 masl. The interpretation by Golder Associates Ltd. of the geology of the bedrock surface and locations of major faults is provided on Figure The Gloucester Fault and Russell-Rigaud Fault systems pass through the southern portion of the local study area. These faults separate the Upper Ordovician shales of the Queenston and Carlsbad Formations to the north of the faults from the Middle and Lower Ordovician limestone of the Bobcaygeon and Gull River Formations and dolostone of the older Oxford Formation to the south. The geological interpretation has taken into consideration the Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) mapping and the available geotechnical borehole information. In addition, the MOECC WWIS (MOE, 2013c) provided well driller s brief descriptions of the bedrock encountered. The wells/boreholes shown on Figure are colour coded to take these bedrock descriptions into consideration. The area interpreted to be underlain by Queenston Formation shale forming the bedrock surface and the uppermost bedrock formation is shown on Figure ; this area differs from that shown on the published bedrock geology map of the area (OGS Map P.2717) (OGS, 1985), by being significantly reduced in extent to the east and greater in extent to the west based upon the benefit of the additional information on bedrock from the boreholes compiled for this study. The OGS interpretation indicated that the extent of the Queenston shale was fault bounded representing a down-dropped block. However the results of work carried out for this investigation indicate that the main body of the shale occurs as a conformable sequence within a broad synclinal basin. The subsurface geology of the study area is shown in cross-section on Figure , which has been largely developed from interpretation of the stratigraphic sequence encountered by deep gas exploration wells and cored boreholes. The section reflects the approximately 700 metres to 850 metres thick Paleozoic sequence. The section also illustrates the scale of vertical offset associated with the Gloucester Fault zone (approximately 500 metres). The regionally consistent depths and thickness of the formations shown on Figure indicates no large scale structural faulting north of the Gloucester Fault zone, which is comprised of a series of normal fault slices locally projected to occur within a zone approximately 0. kilometres in width where it passes beneath the community of Russell. However, it is likely that small scale normal faulting on the scale of several metres to several tens of metres could occur within that area. Comparatively small scale faulting of this magnitude is relatively common throughout the valley. December

2 LEGEND CORED BOREHOLE LOCATION WATER WELL LOCATION OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION WELL LOCATION WATERBODIES ROADS PROPERTY BOUNDARY VARS BEDROCK SURFACE COLOUR SCALE (masl) CRRRC SITE N:\Active\2012\ Environmental and Civil Engineering\ CRRRC EA Eastern ON\Phase 4000_EA_Documentation\Vol 3 - G H&G\Geology Figures\ppt RUSSELL SHALE QUARRY RUSSELL EMBRUN NOTE THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT ELEVATION CONTOUR INTERVAL = 5m CONTOUR DATUM IS masl REFERENCE PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 BASE MAPPING FROM ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES (2010) PROJECT TITLE LOCAL BEDROCK SURFACE ELEVATION MAP Ottawa, Ontario METRES 1000 SCALE 1:85,000 (APPROX.) ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE PROJECT No SCALE AS SHOWN REV.0 DESIGN NB 15 NOV GIS NB 15 NOV FIGURE CHECK REVIEW PLE PAS AUG 2014 AUG

3 LEGEND UPPERMOST BEDROCK FORMATION DESCRIPTION: RED BEDROCK (ALL FORMATIONS) GREY OR BLACK SHALE LIMESTONE (ALL COLOURS) - OTHER DESCRIPTIONS WATERBODIES ROADS C INTERPRETED FAULT DOWNTHROWN SIDE INDICATED BY STICK AND BALL STRATIGRAPHIC CONTACT 9 VARS INTERPRETED EXTENT OF QUEENSTON FORMATION 9 PROPERTY BOUNDARY CORED BOREHOLE LOCATION CRRRC SITE WATER WELL LOCATION OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION WELL LOCATION CROSS-SECTION C-C (FIGURE ) STRATIGRAPHY QUEENSTON FORMATION RED SHALE AND MUDSTONE CARLSBAD/BILLINGS FORMATION DARK GREY SHALE, MINOR LIMESTONE BOBCAYGEON FORMATION BROWNISH GREY CRYSTALLINE LIMESTONE GULL RIVER FORMATION LIGHT GREY VERY FINE GRAINED LIMESTONE OXFORD/MARCH FORMATION GREY DOLOSTONE N:\Active\2012\ Environmental and Civil Engineering\ CRRRC EA Eastern ON\Phase 4000_EA_Documentation\Vol 3 - G H&G\Geology Figures\ppt RUSSELL SHALE QUARRY 9 10 RUSSELL C EMBRUN 6 NOTE THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT REFERENCE PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 BASE MAPPING FROM ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES (2010) PROJECT TITLE INTERPRETED LOCAL BEDROCK GEOLOGY MAP Ottawa, Ontario METRES 1000 SCALE 1:85,000 (APPROX.) ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE PROJECT No SCALE AS SHOWN REV.0 DESIGN NB 15 NOV GIS NB 15 NOV FIGURE CHECK REVIEW PLE PAS AUG 2014 AUG

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5 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE VOLUME I The Upper Ordovician shale sequence that forms the bedrock surface north of the Gloucester Fault includes the red shale of the Queenston Formation, the underlying dark grey shale and limestone of the Carlsbad Formation, the Billings Formation black shale. The thickness of this sequence shown in the section varies between approximately 200 and 260 metres. The shale sequence overlies approximately 200 to 215 metres of limestone of the Eastview, Lindsay, Verulam, Bobcaygeon and Gull River Formations, all fine grained, non-porous, relatively low permeability strata. The underlying Rockcliffe Formation is comprised of approximately 45 to metres of dolostone, shale and quartz sandstone, which overlies the approximately 110 to 125 metres thick Oxford and March Formations dolostone. The basal sequence is comprised of approximately 145 to 190 metres of sandstone and conglomerate of the combined Nepean-Covey Hill Formations, which lie unconformably upon the Precambrian basement. The boreholes cored into bedrock beneath the Site all encountered the Carlsbad Formation. The majority of the Site is underlain by the shaley member of the formation consisting of dark grey, very thinly to thinly interbedded shale and calcareous shale with thin to medium interbeds of argillaceous to shaley limestone and occasional beds of bioclastic limestone. In summary, the bedrock elevation varies in the region, with the Site located within a bowl-like depression in the bedrock surface and a north-northeast trending bedrock ridge existing 6 kilometres east of the Site. The bedrock beneath the Site is the Carlsbad Formation and consists of shale with thin to medium interbedding of limestone. The Gloucester Fault and Russell-Rigaud Fault systems are in the southern portion of the local study area some seven to ten kilometres south of the Boundary Road Site Surficial Geology The areas underlain by shale north of the Gloucester Fault have approximately 20 to 60 metres of soil deposits. The soil deposits are approximately 0 to 10 metres thick within the area overlying the north-northeast trending buried bedrock ridge. The deposits are similarly thin (5 metres or less) within the area underlain by Oxford Formation dolostone to the southwest of the Gloucester Fault. The Site is underlain by approximately 32 metres to 40 metres of soil deposits, representing one of the thicker areas of soil deposits within the local study area. The thickest section is beneath the eastern side of the Site. Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) mapping of the surficial geological (soil) deposits is shown on Figure Much of the area is underlain by deposits of offshore marine silts and clays associated with the former Champlain Sea. The Champlain Sea deposits are thickest within those areas of lower bedrock surface topography. The marine clay deposit overlies glacial till deposits above the bedrock. The till deposits come to surface along the north-northeast trending buried bedrock ridge and within the areas of thin overburden above the dolostone bedrock strata in the southwestern portion of the area. The relationship between the basal till and overlying deposits is shown on Section D-D Figure The till is comparatively thin (2 to 9 metres) and follows the bedrock topography. The marine clay deposits have filled in the low areas and are generally overlain by surficial sandy soils. A buried esker deposit of sand and gravel (Vars-Winchester Esker) occurs directly east of and roughly parallels the trend of the north-northeast trending buried bedrock ridge (Figure ) and is about 8 kilometres east of the Site. This esker forms an aquifer beneath the clayey marine deposits. This aquifer is separated from the Site by the thick clay deposits and the buried bedrock ridge. December

6 DOLMAN RIDGE RD MER BLEUE BOG TRIM RD HUISMANS RD MCNEELY RD 1b RUISSELLET RD CANAAN RD l LEGEND POPULATED PLACENAME ROAD RAILWAY RIDGE RD 7 PERRAULT RD ROCKDALE RD SURFACE WATER FEATURE PROPERTY BOUNDARY Path: N:\Active\Spatial_IM\Miller_Paving_Ltd\CRRRC\GIS\MXDs\ \Reporting\Phase4000\Vol.1\ Vol mxd a 1c RUSSELL RD LEITRIM RD HAWTHORNE RD OLD PRESCOTT RD LOUISEIZE RD 5a POWER RD TREADWELL RD LEITRIM RD RIDEAU RD DAWN TARA DR SALE BARN RD PHILNOR ST ANDERSON RD RAMSAYVILLE RD BANK ST MARCELLA DR FARMERS WAY THUNDER RD JOHN QUINN RD 5b 6b PIPERVILLE RD ANDERSON RD FARMERS WAY STONE SCHOOL RD FARMERS WAY MITCH OWENS RD IVESON DR 8 LINE RD HALL RD 3a_g RODNEY FARM DR FARMERS WAY VEENA WAY 9 LINE RD WAY ST HALL RD HALL RD 4_g 3_g EDWARDS PARKWAY RD HALL RD YORKS CORNERS RD 6a CARLSBAD SPRINGS BOUNDARY RD NORTH RUSSELL 3 1a 1a r2 PANA RD VICTORIA ST BLACKCREEK RD CARLSBAD LANE d COOPER HILL RD MILTON RD MCVAGH RD FRONTIER RD MCKEOWN FARM RD RAY WILSON RD 4 CARTWRIGHT RD SAND RD HAMILTON RD GREGOIRE RD NORTH RUSSELL RD FORCED RD CRAIG ST MACDONALD RD 1a BUCKLAND RD 1a 1a EADIE RD VARS FRANK KENNY RD BURTON RD BOLS ST WHISPERING WILLOW DR VARS ST ROUTE 100 MAPLE ST CASTOR ST zz SOUTH RUSSELL RD FORCED RD SUJACK ST DEVINE RD WADE RD ROUTE 200 BRISSON DUNNING RD RUSSLAND RD SAINT GUILLAUME RD NOTRE DAME ST CLAYTON RD ST AUGUSTIN RD ST PIERRE RD ROUTE 300 ST THOMAS RD ROUTE 400 ST ANDRE RD ST THOMAS RD ST AUGUSTIN RD SAUMURE RD GARLANDSIDE RD CENTENAIRE ST CASTLEBEAU ST CLOUTIER DR STE MARIE ST LIMOGES RD KING ST ST JACQUES RD SURFICIAL GEOLOGY 1a TILL, PLAIN WITH LOCAL RELIEF <5m 1b 1c 2 3 3_g 3a 3a_g 4 4_g 5a 5b 6a 6a_g 6b 6b_g 7 d d_g l l_g r1 r2 r2_g NOTE THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT. REFERENCE BELANGER, J. R., URBAN GEOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL AREA. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA, OPEN FILE D3256, 2001 QUEEN'S PRINTER OF ONTARIO. LAND INFORMATION ONTARIO (LIO) DATA PRODUCED BY GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. UNDER LICENCE FROM ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES, QUEENS PRINTER PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE TITLE TILL, DRUMLINIZED TILL, HUMMOCKY TO ROLLING WITH LOCAL RELIEF 5 TO 10 m ICE CONTACT STRATIFIED DRIFT: GRAVEL & SAND OFFSHORE MARINE DEPOSITS: CLAY, SILTY CLAY & SILT OFFSHORE MARINE DEPOSITS: CLAY, SILTY CLAY & SILT (GULLIES & RAVINES) OFFSHORE MARINE DEPOSITS: CLAY & SILT UNDERLYING EROSIONAL TERRACES OFFSHORE MARINE DEPOSITS: CLAY & SILT UNDERLYING EROSIONAL TERRACES (GULLIES & RAVINES) DELTAIC AND ESTUARY DEPOSITS: MEDIUM TO FINE GRAINED SAND DELTAIC AND ESTUARY DEPOSITS: MEDIUM TO FINE GRAINED SAND (GULLIES & RAVINES) NEARSHORE SEDIMENTS: GRAVEL, SAND & BOULDERS NEARSHORE SEDIMENTS: FINE TO MEDIUM GRAINED SAND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: SILTY SAND, SILT, SAND & CLAY ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: SILTY SAND, SILT, SAND & CLAY (GULLIES & RAVINES) ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: MEDIUM GRAINED STRATIFIED SAND WITH SOME SILT ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: MEDIUM GRAINED STRATIFIED SAND WITH SOME SILT (GULLIES & RAVINES) ORGANIC DEPOSITS: MUCK & PEAT DUNE DUNE (GULLIES & RAVINES) LANDSLIDE AREA LANDSLIDE AREA (GULLIES & RAVINES) BEDROCK: INTRUSIVE & METAMORPHIC BEDROCK: LIMESTONE, DOLOMITE, SANDSTONE & LOCAL SHALE BEDROCK: LIMESTONE, DOLOMITE, SANDSTONE & LOCAL SHALE (GULLIES & RAVINES) 2,000 1, ,000 SCALE 1:80,000 METRES LOCAL SURFICIAL GEOLOGY Ottawa, Ontario PROJECT No DESIGN JPAO DEC GIS BR/PM DEC CHECK PLE AUG REVIEW PAS AUG SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0 FIGURE

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8 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE VOLUME I The clayey marine deposits are locally overlain by a thin layer of surficial sand and silt deposited during the retreat of the Champlain Sea from the area. A former channel of the Ottawa River passes through the area directly north of Highway 417. The channel cut linear terrace faces into the marine clays and deposited stratified silts, sands and gravels along the channel bed. Following the retreat of the Ottawa River to its present channel, organic bog deposits accumulated in the low areas such as the extensive Mer Bleue Bog to the north/northwest of the Site (see location on Figure ). The majority of the boreholes drilled on-site encountered a 1 metre to 2 metre thick veneer of silty sand at the surface overlying marine silty clay, while a few of the boreholes encountered the underlying marine silty clay at surface. Two cross sections illustrating the subsurface soil stratigraphy are provided on Sections E-E and F-F on Figures and , respectively. The silty clay is the dominant soil horizon overlying a comparatively thin glacial till layer above the bedrock. A thin (0.1 to 0.6 metres), near flat lying layer of sandy silt to silty sand, trace clay (described as the silty layer ) was encountered at a consistent depth of approximately 4 to 6 metres below ground surface (mbgs) and was reasonably interpreted to be continuous beneath the Site. In summary, the overburden in the area is of varying thickness and is comprised primarily of marine silts and clays. Above the marine silts and clays is a thin layer of surficial sand and silt, and below the marine silts and clays is a layer of glacial till. There is a north-northeast trending sand and gravel esker that acts as an aquifer eight kilometres east of the Site. Organic bog deposits have accumulated in low areas cut into the marine silts and clays by former paths of the Ottawa River north of Highway 417. Investigations at the Site indicate that the majority of the overburden is silty clay with a layer of glacial till at the bottom. A thin layer of silty sand is present at the surface in some areas, but is not always present. A thin silty layer exists across the site within the upper portion (4 to 6 metres below ground surface) of the silty clay. December

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11 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE VOLUME I Seismicity Structurally, the Site is located near the southeast end of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben. The Ottawa- Bonnechere Graben is within the larger Western Quebec Seismic Zone (WQSZ) that extends from the Timiskaming region of Quebec to the Adirondack Highlands of upstate New York. The Site is located at the southeastern end of the WQSZ one of five seismic zones in southeastern Canada. These seismic zones have an historic record of relatively frequent small to moderate-magnitude earthquakes over about the last 250 years (Lamontagne et al., 2007). Circumstantial evidence of large regional earthquakes in the Holocene Epoch (last 11,000 years) has been inferred from the clustering of ages of landslides in the Ottawa Valley by Aylsworth et al. (2000). Shaking from these earthquakes and probably some historic earthquakes is inferred to have deformed bedding within near-surface sediments, generated differential settlement and resulted in the formation of irregular topography within the surficial deposits. While the occurrence of large landslides in eastern Ontario/western Quebec on at least three occasions in the Holocene Epoch suggests earthquake-related shaking, no evidence for fault movement/rupture at the ground surface has been found to be associated with these prehistoric earthquakes and/or local larger earthquakes in the more recent past. The historical record of earthquake occurrence in the region has been evaluated from pre-instrumental and instrumental records extending from the late 17th century to the present day. These records reveal that at least 289 earthquakes of moment magnitude (M) 3.0 have epicenters located within about 200 kilometres of the Site (Figure ). Approximately 72% of the recorded earthquakes occurred at distances greater than 100 kilometres from the CRRRC Site. The largest earthquake recorded close to the Site was the 1944 Cornwall-Massena earthquake that occurred on September 5, The epicenter of the M 5.8 Cornwall-Massena earthquake was located on the Saint Lawrence rift system between Massena, New York and Cornwall, Ontario about 66 kilometres from the Site. The occurrence of historical earthquakes and numerous micro-seismic events and adjoining areas suggests that some of the faults in the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben and other fractures may be seismically active. Although some earthquake activity appears to be localized along the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben, the irregular pattern of earthquake locations suggests that the main mapped geological structures of the graben probably do not control the seismicity distribution. Rather, the well-developed regional fracture pattern of northwest faults and fractures and a less well developed northeast-striking set of faults may exercise the major control on the distribution of instrumental earthquakes (Kumarapeli, 1987). Figure shows the orientation of the present day stress field near the Site. Interpretation of stresses was made by Adams and Fenton (1994) from horizontal offsets of up to 25 millimetres of closely-spaced drillholes in and around the Ottawa area. They observed drillhole offsets of up to 25 millimetres at three locations: Baskatong, Quebec, Hull, Quebec and Carling Avenue, Ottawa. However, other excavation sites showed no evidence of borehole or other reference feature offset. The offsets were relatively small, not associated with known earthquakes and were interpreted by Adams and Fenton (1994) to have a probable cause related to near-surface stress relief rather than major seismogenic tectonic stresses. December

12 CRRRC Site Northing (m) 50km N:\Active\2012\ Environmental and Civil Engineering\ CRRRC EA Eastern ON\Phase 4000_EA_Documentation\Vol 3 - G H&G\Geology Figures\ppt LEGEND MAGNITUDE NOTE 5 < Mw < 6 4 < Mw < 5 3 < Mw < 4 DEPTH < = 15 km > 15 km 200km Easting (m) THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE TITLE SEISMICITY NEAR THE CRRRC SITE PROJECT No PHASE No DESIGN GIS CV 27 NOV SCALE AS SHOWN NB 27 NOV CHECK PLE AUG 2014 REVIEW PAS AUG 2014 REV.0 FIGURE

13 N:\Active\2012\ Environmental and Civil Engineering\ CRRRC EA Eastern ON\Phase 4000_EA_Documentation\Vol 3 - G H&G\Geology Figures\ppt LEGEND NOTE FOCAL MECHANISM SHOWING S HMAX ORIENTATION (HURD AND ZOBACK STUDY) FOCAL MECHANISM SHOWING S HMAX ORIENTATION (EARLIER STUDIES) STRESS INVERSIONS BACKGROUND SEISMICITY FROM USG/NEIC CATALOG ( ) THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT REFERENCE STRIKE-SLIP THRUST NORMAL SOURCE: HURD, O., AND ZOBACK, M.D. (2012). INTERPLATE EARTHQUAKES, REGIONAL STRESS AND FAULT MECHANICS IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN U.S. AND SOUTHEASTERN CANADA. TECTONOPHYSICS, 581, PROJECT TITLE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE REGIONAL STRESS MAP PROJECT No PHASE No DESIGN GIS CV 27 NOV SCALE AS SHOWN NB 27 NOV CHECK PLE AUG 2014 REVIEW PAS AUG 2014 REV.0 FIGURE

14 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE VOLUME I In summary, the Site is located within a seismic zone that has a historic record of relatively frequent small to moderate magnitude earthquakes. There is circumstantial evidence in the region indicating that there has been widespread earthquake-related shaking during the last 11,000 years, however, there is no known evidence of fault movement/rupture at the ground surface associated with these earthquakes. Earthquakes have been recorded in the region over the last 300 or so years, with the majority occurring at distances greater than 200 kilometres from the Site Hydrogeology Site-Vicinity Hydrogeology In the vicinity of the Site, the shallow groundwater flow within the surficial silty sand material is influenced by local topography and the position of local surface water features and is interpreted to be primarily horizontal. Within the marine clay deposits (at surface and at depth), there is minimal groundwater flow and the groundwater flow direction is typically vertical. At depth, the groundwater flow direction within the basal till/bedrock contact zone and within the upper portion of the bedrock is towards the east and northeast (Raisin Region-South Nation Source Protection Region, 2012; WESA, 2010, WESA and EarthFX, 2006; Golder, 2004). Within the vicinity of the Site, water supply to residences, farms and commercial/industrial properties is provided by private wells. Approximately 8 kilometres to the east of the Site, the communities of Vars and Limoges obtain their water supply from communal wells completed in a north-south trending buried sand and gravel esker (Vars-Winchester Esker), which is separated from the Site by thick clay deposits and a bedrock ridge. In the area surrounding, but some distance from the Site, drilled wells for private water supply obtain their water from the basal till/bedrock contact zone or from within the upper portion of the bedrock. The groundwater quality from the till/bedrock contact zone and within the bedrock in the immediate vicinity of the Site is reported as salty, sulphurous or mineralized; the presence of methane gas in the groundwater is also reported (WESA, 1986). For this reason, it is understood that most residents in the vicinity of the Site who do not have access to the City trickle feed system use shallow dug wells to provide a water supply from the surficial silty sand layer. The Site is not within a Source Water Protection Area. In summary, groundwater flows horizontally in the upper surficial silty sand material and the bedrock. There is primarily vertical groundwater movement in the marine clay deposits. Drinking water in the area is sourced from dug wells in the upper surficial silty sand material and the City trickle feed system; further away from drilled wells in bedrock; and there are communal wells completed in the esker some 8 kilometres east of the Site Site Hydrogeology The groundwater flow direction in the surficial silty sand layer, the silty layer and the silty clay at the Site are consistently towards the east, while the groundwater flow direction in the glacial till is interpreted to be consistently towards the east/northeast. Based on a review of available groundwater levels, the groundwater flow direction in the upper bedrock is interpreted to be consistently towards the northeast in the southern and central portions of the Site. Although based on limited data, the groundwater flow direction in the bedrock in the northern portion of the Site is occasionally towards the southeast; at other times, the groundwater flow in the upper bedrock is interpreted to be towards the northeast across the entire Site. A representative set of groundwater levels collected on October 16, 2013 were used to generate the groundwater contours and interpret the groundwater flow direction in the each stratigraphic unit as shown on Figures through to December

15 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE VOLUME I Groundwater elevations in the surficial silty sand measure on average 0.4 mbgs across the Site and range from 0.1 metres above ground surface to more than 1.5 mbgs. The overall range in groundwater elevations observed within the surficial silty sand was between.0 and 76.8 masl. Groundwater levels in the silty layer measured between 0 and 1.0 mbgs. Groundwater levels in the middle silty clay measured between 0.4 and 1.9 mbgs (74.6 and 76.2 masl), while groundwater levels within the glacial till layer measured between 1.3 and 1.9 mbgs (74.4 and.0 masl). Finally, groundwater levels in the upper bedrock zone ranged between 1.4 and 2.0 mbgs across the Site (74.2 and.3 masl). Based on the monthly and daily groundwater elevation data collected to date, vertical gradients at the Site are typically either downward (recharge conditions) or absent between the surficial silty sand, the silty layer, silty clay, glacial till and upper bedrock formations at most monitoring locations. December

16 CARLSBAD LANE REGIMBALD MUNICIPAL DRAIN LEGEND GROUNDWATER ELEVATION ON OCTOBER 16, 2013 (.61) (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) GROUNDWATER ELEVATION CONTOUR (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) INTERPRETED GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTION MONITORING WELL LOCATION THUNDER RD (.82) (76.32) (76.01) (76.05) (76.00) DD (.92) (.66) ROAD CONTOUR LINE, (5m) SURFACE WATER FEATURE WATER AREA PROPERTY BOUNDARY Path: N:\Active\Spatial_IM\Miller_Paving_Ltd\CRRRC\GIS\MXDs\ \Reporting\Phase4000\Vol.1\ Vol mxd MITCH OWENS RD BLACKCREEK RD A13-2 A13-1 (76.51) (76.46) BOUNDARY RD (76.51) (76.49) DD (76.67) (76.55) (74.95) (76.40) (.97) (76.03) (76.01) (76.25) (.33) (.91) (76.06) (76.33) (76.07) (76.02) (76.43) DD2 BLACK CREEK FRONTIER RD (.87) DEVINE RD NOTE REFERENCE PROJECT TITLE SCALE 1:12,000 METRES THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT. LAND INFORMATION ONTARIO (LIO) DATA PRODUCED BY GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. UNDER LICENCE FROM ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES, QUEENS PRINTER PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE SURFICIAL SILTY SAND GROUNDWATER FLOW PROJECT No DESIGN DH DEC GIS BR/PM DEC CHECK JPAO AUG REVIEW PAS AUG SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0 FIGURE

17 CARLSBAD LANE REGIMBALD MUNICIPAL DRAIN LEGEND GROUNDWATER ELEVATION ON OCTOBER 16, 2013 (.61) (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) GROUNDWATER ELEVATION CONTOUR (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) INTERPRETED GROUNWATER FLOW DIRECTION MONITORING WELL LOCATION CONTOUR LINE, (5m) THUNDER RD (.97) B (.85) (.72) DD1 SURFACE WATER FEATURE WATER AREA PROPERTY BOUNDARY BOUNDARY RD (.93) (.66) Path: N:\Active\Spatial_IM\Miller_Paving_Ltd\CRRRC\GIS\MXDs\ \Reporting\Phase4000\Vol.1\ Vol mxd MITCH OWENS RD BLACKCREEK RD B (76.18) B (.79) (.87) B (76.13) (76.26) DD (76.35) SIMPSON MUNICIPAL DRAIN DD (76.16) (.99) FRONTIER RD (.37) BLACK CREEK B (.54) (.61) NOTE REFERENCE PROJECT TITLE SCALE 1:12,000 METRES THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT. LAND INFORMATION ONTARIO (LIO) DATA PRODUCED BY GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. UNDER LICENCE FROM ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES, QUEENS PRINTER PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE SILTY LAYER GROUNDWATER FLOW PROJECT No DESIGN DH DEC GIS BR/PM DEC CHECK JPAO AUG REVIEW PAS AUG SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0 FIGURE

18 CARLSBAD LANE REGIMBALD MUNICIPAL DRAIN LEGEND GROUNDWATER ELEVATION ON OCTOBER 16, 2013 (.61) (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) GROUNDWATER ELEVATION CONTOUR (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) INTERPRETED GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTION MONITORING WELL LOCATION CONTOUR LINE, (5m) THUNDER RD DD A (.51).50 SURFACE WATER FEATURE WATER AREA PROPERTY BOUNDARY BOUNDARY RD B (74.73).70 Path: N:\Active\Spatial_IM\Miller_Paving_Ltd\CRRRC\GIS\MXDs\ \Reporting\Phase4000\Vol.1\ Vol mxd MITCH OWENS RD BLACKCREEK RD A (.96) DD A (.84) DD A (.37) SIMPSON MUNICIPAL DRAIN A (.66) BLACK CREEK FRONTIER RD A (.25) DEVINE RD NOTE REFERENCE PROJECT TITLE SCALE 1:12,000 METRES THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT. LAND INFORMATION ONTARIO (LIO) DATA PRODUCED BY GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. UNDER LICENCE FROM ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES, QUEENS PRINTER PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE MIDDLE SILTY CLAY GROUNDWATER FLOW PROJECT No DESIGN DH NOV GIS BR/PM DEC CHECK JPAO AUG REVIEW PAS AUG SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0 FIGURE

19 CARLSBAD LANE REGIMBALD MUNICIPAL DRAIN LEGEND GROUNDWATER ELEVATION ON OCTOBER 16, 2013 (.61) (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) GROUNDWATER ELEVATION CONTOUR (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) INTERPRETED GROUNWATER FLOW DIRECTION MONITORING WELL LOCATION CONTOUR LINE, (5m) THUNDER RD DD A (74.70) SURFACE WATER FEATURE WATER AREA PROPERTY BOUNDARY BOUNDARY RD A (74.58) Path: N:\Active\Spatial_IM\Miller_Paving_Ltd\CRRRC\GIS\MXDs\ \Reporting\Phase4000\Vol.1\ Vol mxd MITCH OWENS RD BLACKCREEK RD A (.00) DD A (74.57) SIMPSON MUNICIPAL DRAIN DD (74.79) DEVINE RD BLACK CREEK FRONTIER RD A (74.49) NOTE REFERENCE PROJECT TITLE SCALE 1:12,000 METRES THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT. LAND INFORMATION ONTARIO (LIO) DATA PRODUCED BY GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. UNDER LICENCE FROM ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES, QUEENS PRINTER PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE GLACIAL TILL GROUNDWATER FLOW PROJECT No DESIGN DH DEC GIS BR/PM DEC CHECK JPAO AUG REVIEW PAS AUG SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0 FIGURE

20 LEGEND 80 CARLSBAD LANE REGIMBALD MUNICIPAL DRAIN GROUNDWATER ELEVATION ON OCTOBER 16, 2013 (.61) (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) GROUNDWATER ELEVATION CONTOUR (METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL) INTERPRETED GROUNWATER FLOW DIRECTION MONITORING WELL LOCATION ROAD CONTOUR LINE, (5m) THUNDER RD DD (74.56) SURFACE WATER FEATURE WATER AREA PROPERTY BOUNDARY BOUNDARY RD (74.57) Path: N:\Active\Spatial_IM\Miller_Paving_Ltd\CRRRC\GIS\MXDs\ \Reporting\Phase4000\Vol.1\ Vol mxd MITCH OWENS RD BLACKCREEK RD (74.83) DD (.27) (74.27) SIMPSON MUNICIPAL DRAIN DD (74.91).00 DEVINE RD FRONTIER RD (74.64) NOTE REFERENCE PROJECT TITLE SCALE 1:12,000 METRES THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING REPORT. LAND INFORMATION ONTARIO (LIO) DATA PRODUCED BY GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. UNDER LICENCE FROM ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES, QUEENS PRINTER PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPITAL REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTRE UPPER BEDROCK GROUNDWATER FLOW PROJECT No DESIGN DH DEC GIS BR/PM DEC CHECK JPAO AUG REVIEW PAS AUG SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0 FIGURE