GRAAD 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12

Transcription

1 GR 12 NTIONL SENIOR ERTIFITE GRE 12 GEOGRPHY P1 NOVEMER 2012 MRKS: 300 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 12 pages and a 12-page annexure.

2 Geography/P1 2 E/November 2012 NS INSTRUTIONS N INFORMTION This question paper consists of FOUR questions. nswer NY THREE questions of 100 marks each. For the paragraph style question you may refer to ONE idea which you must discuss in depth OR to different ideas which you must discuss in less depth. LL diagrams are included in the NNEXURE. Number LL your answers in the ENTRE of the line. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered. Start each question at the top of a NEW page. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. o NOT write in the margins of your NSWER OOK. ENIRLE the numbers of the questions that you have answered on the front page of your NSWER OOK. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams. Write clearly and legibly.

3 Geography/P1 3 E/November 2012 NS SETION : LIMTE N WETHER, FLUVIL PROESSES N STRUTURL LNFORMS nswer at least ONE question from this section. QUESTION Refer to FIGURE 1.1 which shows how temperatures over a city and its surrounding areas differ. This is an example of microclimate Give the concept used to describe the condition shown in FIGURE 1.1. (1 x 2) State the approximate surface temperature being experienced over the city centre. (1 x 2) hoose the correct word from those given in brackets. Write only the word next to the question number (1.1.3(a) 1.1.3(c)) in your NSWER OOK. (a) Temperature (decreases/increases) outwards from. (b) Temperature (decreases/increases) upwards from at night. (c) Pollution (decreases/increases) the temperature at. (3 x 2) (6) 1.2 Refer to FIGURE 1.2 showing a river and its tributaries and answer the questions that follow Give the concept used to describe an area drained by a main river and tributaries, as indicated in FIGURE 1.2. (1 x 2) Name the drainage pattern shown in the sketch. (1 x 2) What is the term used to describe where the river flows into the ocean as indicated by the letter? (1 x 2) Which letter indicates a tributary? (1 x 2) Give the term used to describe a high-lying area that separates two streams in the same drainage basin, as indicated by the letter. (1 x 2) 1.3 Study the synoptic weather map (FIGURE 1.3) and answer the questions that follow Identify the low-pressure system labelled. (1 x 2) Explain why pressure system is referred to as a low-pressure cell. (1 x 2) What evidence is there on the map that it is winter? (2 x 2) (4)

4 Geography/P1 4 E/November 2012 NS Why are the weather conditions being experienced along the east coast of South frica ideal for outdoor activities? (1 x 2) Give a reason for the overcast conditions at Marion Island. (1 x 2) Refer to weather system. (a) (b) (c) State ONE way in which it is likely to affect the weather of ape Town in the next 24 hours. (1 x 2) Why do these cyclones generally move in an easterly direction? (1 x 2) omment on the impact that these cyclones will have on tourism in the South-western ape. (1 x 2) 1.4 Refer to the newspaper article (FIGURE 1.4) titled 'S's penguins on thin ice', and answer the questions that follow What does global climate change mean? (1 x 2) Give ONE reason for the rise in sea temperatures. (1 x 2) esides the rise in temperature, state TWO factors identified by scientists as reasons for the decreasing penguin numbers. (2 x 2) The impact of climate change is a concern for all living in Southern frica. In approximately 12 lines, suggest some measures that need to be put in place to address this problem. (6 x 2) (4) (12) 1.5 Refer to FIGURE 1.5 illustrating river capture efine the term river capture. (1 x 2) River is involved in active headward erosion. (a) What does headward erosion mean? (1 x 2) (b) Give a possible reason for headward erosion taking place. (1 x 2) Will river capture impact on the flow characteristics of river at its source? (1 x 2) Name the features labelled and E that result from river capture. (2 x 2) River capture brings about changes in both captor and captured streams. Explain (approximately 12 lines) some of the physical changes that will occur in captor and captured rivers respectively. (6 x 2) (4) (12)

5 Geography/P1 5 E/November 2012 NS 1.6 Refer to FIGURE 1.6 which shows a river profile and answer the questions that follow QUESTION 2 What type of river profile is shown here? (1 x 2) Name TWO dimensions (shapes) of a river that can be seen in the illustrated river profile. (2 x 2) Name the dominant (main) type of erosion taking place in the river valley. (1 x 2) The river valley shows evidence of rejuvenation. (a) What does rejuvenation mean? (1 x 2) (b) Give TWO pieces of evidence from FIGURE 1.6 to support the statement that rejuvenation has occurred. (2 x 2) Explain how and why the dimensions (shapes) of the river valley, illustrated in FIGURE 1.6, will change once rejuvenation occurs. (2 x 2) (4) (4) (4) [100] 2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2.1 that shows factors that influence the weather and climate of South frica. omplete the following sentences by filling in the missing word. Write down the word next to the question number ( ) The ocean current keeps the east coast of South frica warmer than the west coast. The causes places in the interior of the country to experience lower temperatures due to its higher altitude. The position of South frica in terms of its generally results in stable conditions. The steep slopes of the prevent moisture from reaching the interior in winter. The ocean current contributes to dry, arid conditions along the west coast of South frica. (5 x 2) (10)

6 Geography/P1 6 E/November 2012 NS 2.2 Study FIGURE 2.2 which represents a typical slope. Match the statements below with the labels on the diagram This slope element is convex. Rills and gullies are common on this slope. Soil creep is common on this slope element. This slope element is referred to as a constant slope. The slope element is vertical. (5 x 2) (10) 2.3 Study FIGURE 2.3 which shows the frequency of occurrence of tropical cyclones Name the ocean with the highest number of tropical cyclones. (1 x 2) Explain why there is a lack of tropical cyclones along the equator (zero degree latitude). (1 x 2) What is the relationship between the occurrence of tropical cyclones and a sea temperature that exceeds 26,5? (1 x 2) Give TWO reasons why tropical cyclones do not occur in the area marked. (2 x 2) Explain why tropical cyclones dissipate when they move overland. (2 x 2) State the impact that these tropical cyclones will have on the economy of countries that lie in their path. (3 x 2) (4) (4) (6) 2.4 Refer to FIGURE 2.4 that is a cartoon about drought Explain the term drought. (1 x 2) What is the message of the statement: 'We won't be able to grow to this size anymore'? (2 x 2) Why is maize farming especially risky for small-scale (subsistence) farmers? (1 x 2) frica urgently needs to address the problem of droughts. Make suggestions (approximately 12 lines) on how to sustainably reduce the impact of droughts. (6 x 2) (4) (12)

7 Geography/P1 7 E/November 2012 NS 2.5 FIGURE 2.5 shows landform features that result from canyon landscapes Identify the features labelled and. (2 x 2) Identify the underlying rock strata of both landforms and on the landscape. (1 x 2) State ONE difference between features and. (1 x 2 ) What is the main process of erosion that takes place at features and respectively? (2 x 2) escribe ONE characteristic of a canyon landscape evident on the diagram. (1 x 2) iscuss how the landscape shown in FIGURE 2.5 can be used by humans. You may refer to positive and/or negative impacts. (3 x 2) (4) (4) (6) 2.6 Refer to FIGURE 2.6 which is a cartoon showing river pollution SETION : Name TWO ways in which an urban area contributes to the pollution of rivers. (2 x 2) Suggest TWO measures that can be put in place to reduce water pollution from urban areas. (2 x 2) Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) assessing the negative impact that human activities have on rivers. (6 x 2) PEOPLE N PLES: RURL N URN SETTLEMENTS, PEOPLE N THEIR NEES (4) (4) (12) [100] nswer at least ONE question from this section. QUESTION Refer to FIGURE 3.1 which shows a variety of settlements and land-use zones. Match the letters to E in the FIGURE with the descriptions ( ) below Informal settlement ispersed rural settlement Traditional settlement entral usiness istrict () Nucleated rural settlement (5 x 2) (10)

8 Geography/P1 8 E/November 2012 NS 3.2 hoose a description from OLUMN that matches a term in OLUMN. Write only the letter ( F) next to the question number ( ) in your NSWER OOK OLUMN gglomeration Industrial decentralisation OLUMN developing industries in previously neglected and underdeveloped areas Spatial evelopment Initiatives (SIs) no barriers to the import and export of goods and services Free trade Trade concentration of industries close to each other the exchange of goods and services for profit E industries that move away from core areas F industries that are built to encourage economic growth by attracting new investments (5 x 2) (10) 3.3 Study FIGURE 3.3 which shows land-use in an urban area escribe ONE characteristic of the. (1 x 2) State ONE factor that would have influenced the location of the regional shopping centre. (1 x 2) Give a brief description of the rural-urban fringe. (1 x 2) Recreational facilities are commonly found in the rural-urban fringe. (a) Give evidence from the diagram to support the statement above. (1 x 2) (b) Why are the recreational facilities mentioned in QUESTION found in the rural-urban fringe? (2 x 2) escribe ONE way in which industries located in the rural-urban fringe impact negatively on the environment. (1 x 2) iscuss TWO plans that the local government (city council) can use to correct the damage caused by these industries. (2 x 2) Name ONE way in which the green-belt land and the Oak Green Woods ountry Park can play a role in the sustainable development of the rural-urban fringe. (1 x 2) (4) (4)

9 Geography/P1 9 E/November 2012 NS 3.4 Refer to TLE 3.4 showing South frica's main trading partners in Which country is South frica's main importing partner? (1 x 2) Which country is South frica's main exporting partner? (1 x 2) Explain the term balance of trade. (1 x 2) id South frica experience a positive or negative balance of trade in 2010? (1 x 2) Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) and suggest possible ways to improve on the 2010 balance of trade. (6 x 2) (12) 3.5 Refer to the article titled 'itter offee' in FIGURE Why does Pedro feel so bitter about the profit he makes from planting coffee? (1 x 2) Who gets the largest share of the profit from the coffee industry? (1 x 2) offee is sold as an unprocessed product from razil. Explain how this affects razil's economic growth. (2 x 2) Globalisation has resulted in many developed countries buying cheap resources from developing countries. (a) What does globalisation mean? (1 x 2) (4) (b) Suggest TWO ways in which globalisation can be disadvantageous for developing countries. (2 x 2) (4) 3.6 Read the newspaper article on food production in FIGURE What does food insecurity mean? (1 x 2) escribe the injustice that is captured in the article. (2 x 2) In many parts of the world genetically modified crops are seen as a means of increasing food production. (a) Explain the concept genetic modification. (2 x 2) (b) iscuss TWO advantages of genetic modification. (2 x 2) The increasing demand for food is a disturbing development. Give a detailed account (approximately 12 lines) as to why many Southern frican countries are struggling to meet their food demands. (6 x 2) (4) (4) (4) (12) [100]

10 Geography/P1 10 E/November 2012 NS QUESTION Match the sketches below with the descriptions provided. Write down only the letter (-F) next to the question number ( ) in your NSWER OOK. SKETHES ESRIPTIONS star-shaped settlement settlements that have a semi-circular shape uildings has many stop streets and robots Ground allows for the smooth flow of traffic Sea E urban profile Road F cross-shaped settlement 4.2 hoose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets. Write down only the word(s) next to the question number ( ) in your NSWER OOK. (5 x 2) (10) (Primary/Secondary) activities refer to the extraction of raw materials from the earth. (ommercial/subsistence) farming is concerned with cultivation for domestic use. The balance of (trade/payment) is the financial statement showing the value of a country's transactions with the rest of the world. (Quaternary/Tertiary) activities involve high-order services, such as research. The value of goods and services produced in a country a year is known as the (gross national/gross domestic) product. (5 x 2) (10)

11 Geography/P1 11 E/November 2012 NS 4.3 Study the table below which illustrates the changing distribution of the world's urban population over the last 60 years. YER URN POPULTION % TOTL EVELOPING EVELOPE POPULTION OUNTRIES OUNTRIES (MILLIONS) ,4 61, ,1 51, ,4 36, (estimate) 75,1 24, [Source: Google] (a) omment on the trend of the urban population percentage for developed countries over the past 60 years. (1 x 2) (b) Give a possible explanation for the trend mentioned in QUESTION 4.3.1(a). (2 x 2) (4) What is the term used to describe the trend where an increasing number of people live in urban areas? (1 x 2) iscuss TWO economic push factors that encourage people to leave rural areas. (2 x 2) The increase in the urban population percentage in developing countries has created deterioration in city centres (urban blight). In a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) suggest ways in which the local government (city council) can solve the problem. (6 x 2) (4) (12) 4.4 FIGURE 4.4 highlights some of the ways in which pollution occurs on the earth's surface Identify ONE cause of air pollution in the diagram. (1 x 2) Suggest ONE effect of air pollution and its likely impact, evident on the diagram. (2 x 2) Informal settlements are common on the banks of rivers in South frica. These informal settlements also contribute to pollution on the earthˈs surface. (a) What are informal settlements? (1 x 2) (4) (b) (c) (d) Why do informal settlements develop on the banks of rivers? (1 x 2) State ONE problem (excluding pollution) that these settlements located on the river banks cause. (1 x 2) iscuss TWO methods used in South frica to reduce the number of informal settlements. (2 x 2) (4)

12 Geography/P1 12 E/November 2012 NS 4.5 Refer to FIGURE 4.5 based on the Orange River Project. One of the reasons why this project was developed, was to provide the drought-prone Eastern ape with more water resources Name ONE dam that plays an important role in transferring water from the Orange River to the Eastern ape. (1 x 2) Into which river in the Eastern ape does the water of the Orange River finally flow? (1 x 2) iscuss the positive impact that the Orange River Project had on economic development in the Eastern ape. (3 x 2) The Orange River Project was also developed to slow down rural-urban migration. Explain the role of the Orange River Project in slowing down rural-urban migration. (2 x 2) (6) (4) 4.6 FIGURE 4.6, an article and map, is based on industrial activity in the urban area Most of the industries located close to the harbour are bridge industries. What are bridge industries? (1 x 2) Why can the urban harbour be described as a break-of-bulk point? (1 x 2) Why is the location of the industries seen to be a social injustice? (1 x 2) State why this area is ideal for the location of oil refineries. (1 x 2) Evaluate the importance of industrial activity for the economy of KwaZulu-Natal. (3 x 2) The location of industrial areas is influenced by a number of factors. iscuss (in approximately 12 lines) the role of transport and labour in developing urban as an industrial area. (6 x 2) (6) (12) [100] GRN TOTL: 300

13 NTIONL SENIOR ERTIFITE GRE 12 GEOGRPHY P2 NOVEMER 2012 MRKS: 100 TIME: 1½ hours EXMINTION NUMER ENTRE NUMER MRK SORE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TOTL MRKER SENIOR MRKER HIEF MRKER MOERTOR TOTL This question paper consists of 11 pages and 1 page for rough work.

14 Geography/P2 2 E/November 2012 NS RESOURE MTERIL n extract from topographical map 2829 HRRISMITH. Orthophoto map HRRISMITH. NOTE: The resource material must be collected by the schools for their own use. INSTRUTIONS N INFORMTION Write your EXMINTION NUMER and ENTRE NUMER in the spaces on the cover page. nswer LL the questions in the spaces provided in this question paper. You are supplied with a 1: topographical map 2829 of HRRISMITH and an orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. You must hand the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. You must use the blank page at the back of this paper for all rough work and calculations. o NOT detach this page from the question paper. Show LL calculations and formulae, where applicable. Marks will be allocated for this. You may use a non-programmable calculator. The following English terms and their frikaans translations are shown on the topographical map. ENGLISH iggings aravan Park Sewage Works River Mouth Golf ourse Wetland FRIKNS Uitgrawings Karavaanpark Rioolwerke Riviermond Gholfbaan Vlei

15 Geography/P2 3 E/November 2012 NS QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-HOIE QUESTIONS The questions below are based on the 1: topographical map 2829 HRRISMITH, as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. hoose the answer and write only the letter ( ) in the block next to each question. 1.1 The main agricultural activity around Harrismith is... crop farming. fruit farming. cattle farming. chicken farming. 1.2 The recreational feature marked 1 on the orthophoto map is a park. nature reserve. golf course. plantation. 1.3 On the topographical map, Phomolong () in block 6/7 is an example of a/an residential area. high-income low-income middle-income informal 1.4 Which town is approximately 60 km from Harrismith? Van Reenen Warden Witsieshoek Kestell 1.5 The Sterkfontein am is to the of the town of Harrismith. south-west south-east south west 1.6 The map index to the south of 2829 is

16 Geography/P2 4 E/November 2012 NS 1.7 The river in block 2 on the topographical map flows in a... direction. south-easterly north-easterly southerly north-westerly 1.8 The land-use zone numbered 1 on the orthophoto map is a recreational area. rural-urban fringe. residential area. plantation. 1.9 The street pattern of the built-up area in blocks 1, 2 and 2 on the topographical map is planned irregular. a grid. unplanned irregular. radial The feature labelled E on the topographical map is (a) perennial water. non-perennial water. marsh and vlei. non-perennial river. (10 x 2) [20] QUESTION 2: LULTIONS N PPLITION 2.1 Harrismith holds an annual marathon that involves contestants running via Platberg. Study both the photograph of Platberg below and the area covered by blocks /10, 11, 12 and 13 on the topographical map before answering the questions below.

17 Geography/P2 5 E/November 2012 NS Identify the landform named Platberg. (1 x 1) (1) Identify the shape of the slope that the contestants will be running up between points (block /10) on the topographical map. Explain your answer with reference to the contour lines on the map. Slope Explanation (2 x 1) alculate the average gradient of the slope between spot height 1797 and spot height 2263 in block 10 on the topographical map. Show LL calculations. (5 x 1) (5) omment on the level of difficulty of this slope for a contestant. (1 x 1) (1) Explain why a zig-zag footpath (block 11) has been cut over Platberg. (1 x 1) (1)

18 Geography/P2 6 E/November 2012 NS 2.2 Using the information on the topographical map, determine the magnetic declination for this year. Show LL calculations/steps followed. (4 x 1) (4) 2.3 Refer to the feature labelled lokhuis (4) on the orthophoto map. raw a cross section of the feature from 2 to 3 on the axes below cm to 10 m : (12 x ½) (6) [20]

19 Geography/P2 7 E/November 2012 NS QUESTION 3: PPLITION N INTERPRETTION 3.1 The Sterkfontein am forms an important part of the Tugela-Vaal Scheme. Refer to the diagram below (FIGURE 3.1) as well as the dam on the topographical map to answer the questions that follow. Spioenkop riel Woodstock Killburn riekloof Sterkfontein rakensberg Tunnel Turbines FIGURE escribe the difference in position of the Sterkfontein am in relation to the Spioenkop, riel, Woodstock and Killburn ams. (1 x 2) The Sterkfontein am has an ideal location for the storage of water. Give ONE reason to support this statement. (1 x 2) Name TWO ways in which the residents of Harrismith and its surrounding area can benefit from the Sterkfontein am. (2 x 2) (4)

20 Geography/P2 8 E/November 2012 NS 3.2 Harrismith is located in a low-rainfall area. Give TWO pieces of evidence from the map to support this statement. (2 x 2) (4) 3.3 Identify the drainage pattern in blocks E/F3, 4 and 5 and give evidence from the map to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 3.4 Refer to Nuwejaarspruit in block G2 on the topographical map Is this a perennial or non-perennial river? (1 x 2) Nuwejaarspruit is in its middle course, changing to the lower course. Give TWO pieces of evidence from the map to support this statement. (2 x 2) (4) 3.5 Harrismith is a very old town that developed in the colonial era. Support this statement with ONE piece of evidence from the map. (1 x 2) 3.6 Refer to the dominant primary activity practiced in blocks H1 and H Identify the dominant primary activity referred to above. (1 x 2)

21 Geography/P2 9 E/November 2012 NS Explain how the environment is likely to be affected by this activity identified in QUESTION in a negative way. 3.7 Refer to the N3. (1 x 2) Why does the N3 NOT pass through Harrismith? (2 x 2) (4) What is the disadvantage for businesses of the N3 not passing through Harrismith? (1 x 2) 3.8 Refer to Wilgerpark on the orthophoto map Wilgerpark developed much later than the original town of Harrismith. Give ONE reason from the orthophoto map to support this statement. (1 x 2) Wilgerpark is a high-income residential area. Give ONE piece of evidence from the topographical map to support your answer. (1 x 2) Give ONE disadvantage of the location of Wilgerpark. (1 x 2) [40]

22 Geography/P2 10 E/November 2012 NS QUESTION 4: GEOGRPHIL INFORMTION SYSTEMS (GIS) 4.1 Study the map below (FIGURE 4.1) which shows the path of the tornado that tore through Harrismith a few years ago. Many data layers were used to draw this map. HRRISMITH [Source: Goliger en Van Wyk] FIGURE efine the term data layering (overlaying). (1 x 2) Name TWO data layers visible on the map (FIGURE 4.1). (2 x 2) (4) GIS is useful in disaster management. Explain how it would have assisted the local authorities with planning after the tornado struck. (2 x 2) (4)

23 Geography/P2 11 E/November 2012 NS 4.2 Study the photo (FIGURE 4.2) of the N3 that bypasses Harrismith and connects urban and Johannesburg. FIGURE 4.2 [Source: Google] ifferentiate between spatial data and attribute data. (2 x 2) (4) What type of spatial object (point, line or polygon) is the road? (1 x 2) Give ONE attribute that can be captured for the N3. (1 x 2) 4.3 If a vehicle with a global positioning system (GPS) approaches Harrismith, how can the GPS assist the driver to find the hospital numbered 10 on the orthophoto map? (1 x 2) [20] TOTL: 100

24 Geography/P2 E/November 2012 NS ROUGHWORK N LULTIONS

25 NTIONL SENIOR ERTIFITE GRE 12 GEOGRPHY P2 NOVEMER 2012 MRKS: 100 TIME: 1½ hours EXMINTION NUMER ENTRE NUMER MRK SORE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TOTL MRKER SENIOR MRKER HIEF MRKER MOERTOR TOTL This question paper consists of 11 pages and 1 page for rough work.

26 Geography/P2 2 E/November 2012 NS RESOURE MTERIL n extract from topographical map 2829 HRRISMITH. Orthophoto map HRRISMITH. NOTE: The resource material must be collected by the schools for their own use. INSTRUTIONS N INFORMTION Write your EXMINTION NUMER and ENTRE NUMER in the spaces on the cover page. nswer LL the questions in the spaces provided in this question paper. You are supplied with a 1: topographical map 2829 of HRRISMITH and an orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. You must hand the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. You must use the blank page at the back of this paper for all rough work and calculations. o NOT detach this page from the question paper. Show LL calculations and formulae, where applicable. Marks will be allocated for this. You may use a non-programmable calculator. The following English terms and their frikaans translations are shown on the topographical map. ENGLISH iggings aravan Park Sewage Works River Mouth Golf ourse Wetland FRIKNS Uitgrawings Karavaanpark Rioolwerke Riviermond Gholfbaan Vlei

27 Geography/P2 3 E/November 2012 NS QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-HOIE QUESTIONS The questions below are based on the 1: topographical map 2829 HRRISMITH, as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. hoose the answer and write only the letter ( ) in the block next to each question. 1.1 The main agricultural activity around Harrismith is... crop farming. fruit farming. cattle farming. chicken farming. 1.2 The recreational feature marked 1 on the orthophoto map is a park. nature reserve. golf course. plantation. 1.3 On the topographical map, Phomolong () in block 6/7 is an example of a/an residential area. high-income low-income middle-income informal 1.4 Which town is approximately 60 km from Harrismith? Van Reenen Warden Witsieshoek Kestell 1.5 The Sterkfontein am is to the of the town of Harrismith. south-west south-east south west 1.6 The map index to the south of 2829 is

28 Geography/P2 4 E/November 2012 NS 1.7 The river in block 2 on the topographical map flows in a... direction. south-easterly north-easterly southerly north-westerly 1.8 The land-use zone numbered 1 on the orthophoto map is a recreational area. rural-urban fringe. residential area. plantation. 1.9 The street pattern of the built-up area in blocks 1, 2 and 2 on the topographical map is planned irregular. a grid. unplanned irregular. radial The feature labelled E on the topographical map is (a) perennial water. non-perennial water. marsh and vlei. non-perennial river. (10 x 2) [20] QUESTION 2: LULTIONS N PPLITION 2.1 Harrismith holds an annual marathon that involves contestants running via Platberg. Study both the photograph of Platberg below and the area covered by blocks /10, 11, 12 and 13 on the topographical map before answering the questions below.

29 Geography/P2 5 E/November 2012 NS Identify the landform named Platberg. (1 x 1) (1) Identify the shape of the slope that the contestants will be running up between points (block /10) on the topographical map. Explain your answer with reference to the contour lines on the map. Slope Explanation (2 x 1) alculate the average gradient of the slope between spot height 1797 and spot height 2263 in block 10 on the topographical map. Show LL calculations. (5 x 1) (5) omment on the level of difficulty of this slope for a contestant. (1 x 1) (1) Explain why a zig-zag footpath (block 11) has been cut over Platberg. (1 x 1) (1)

30 Geography/P2 6 E/November 2012 NS 2.2 Using the information on the topographical map, determine the magnetic declination for this year. Show LL calculations/steps followed. (4 x 1) (4) 2.3 Refer to the feature labelled lokhuis (4) on the orthophoto map. raw a cross section of the feature from 2 to 3 on the axes below cm to 10 m : (12 x ½) (6) [20]

31 Geography/P2 7 E/November 2012 NS QUESTION 3: PPLITION N INTERPRETTION 3.1 The Sterkfontein am forms an important part of the Tugela-Vaal Scheme. Refer to the diagram below (FIGURE 3.1) as well as the dam on the topographical map to answer the questions that follow. Spioenkop riel Woodstock Killburn riekloof Sterkfontein rakensberg Tunnel Turbines FIGURE escribe the difference in position of the Sterkfontein am in relation to the Spioenkop, riel, Woodstock and Killburn ams. (1 x 2) The Sterkfontein am has an ideal location for the storage of water. Give ONE reason to support this statement. (1 x 2) Name TWO ways in which the residents of Harrismith and its surrounding area can benefit from the Sterkfontein am. (2 x 2) (4)

32 Geography/P2 8 E/November 2012 NS 3.2 Harrismith is located in a low-rainfall area. Give TWO pieces of evidence from the map to support this statement. (2 x 2) (4) 3.3 Identify the drainage pattern in blocks E/F3, 4 and 5 and give evidence from the map to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 3.4 Refer to Nuwejaarspruit in block G2 on the topographical map Is this a perennial or non-perennial river? (1 x 2) Nuwejaarspruit is in its middle course, changing to the lower course. Give TWO pieces of evidence from the map to support this statement. (2 x 2) (4) 3.5 Harrismith is a very old town that developed in the colonial era. Support this statement with ONE piece of evidence from the map. (1 x 2) 3.6 Refer to the dominant primary activity practiced in blocks H1 and H Identify the dominant primary activity referred to above. (1 x 2)

33 Geography/P2 9 E/November 2012 NS Explain how the environment is likely to be affected by this activity identified in QUESTION in a negative way. 3.7 Refer to the N3. (1 x 2) Why does the N3 NOT pass through Harrismith? (2 x 2) (4) What is the disadvantage for businesses of the N3 not passing through Harrismith? (1 x 2) 3.8 Refer to Wilgerpark on the orthophoto map Wilgerpark developed much later than the original town of Harrismith. Give ONE reason from the orthophoto map to support this statement. (1 x 2) Wilgerpark is a high-income residential area. Give ONE piece of evidence from the topographical map to support your answer. (1 x 2) Give ONE disadvantage of the location of Wilgerpark. (1 x 2) [40]

34 Geography/P2 10 E/November 2012 NS QUESTION 4: GEOGRPHIL INFORMTION SYSTEMS (GIS) 4.1 Study the map below (FIGURE 4.1) which shows the path of the tornado that tore through Harrismith a few years ago. Many data layers were used to draw this map. HRRISMITH [Source: Goliger en Van Wyk] FIGURE efine the term data layering (overlaying). (1 x 2) Name TWO data layers visible on the map (FIGURE 4.1). (2 x 2) (4) GIS is useful in disaster management. Explain how it would have assisted the local authorities with planning after the tornado struck. (2 x 2) (4)

35 Geography/P2 11 E/November 2012 NS 4.2 Study the photo (FIGURE 4.2) of the N3 that bypasses Harrismith and connects urban and Johannesburg. FIGURE 4.2 [Source: Google] ifferentiate between spatial data and attribute data. (2 x 2) (4) What type of spatial object (point, line or polygon) is the road? (1 x 2) Give ONE attribute that can be captured for the N3. (1 x 2) 4.3 If a vehicle with a global positioning system (GPS) approaches Harrismith, how can the GPS assist the driver to find the hospital numbered 10 on the orthophoto map? (1 x 2) [20] TOTL: 100

36 Geography/P2 E/November 2012 NS ROUGHWORK N LULTIONS

37 NTIONL SENIOR ERTIFITE GRE 12 GEOGRPHY P2 NOVEMER 2012 MEMORNUM MRKS: 100 EXMINTION NUMER ENTRE NUMER MRK SORE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TOTL MRKER SENIOR MRKER HIEF MRKER MOERTOR TOTL This memorandum consists of 14 pages.

38 Geography/P2 2 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum RESOURE MTERIL n extract from topographical map 2829 HRRISMITH. Orthophoto map HRRISMITH. NOTE: The resource material must be collected by the schools for their own use. INSTRUTIONS N INFORMTION Write your EXMINTION NUMER and ENTRE NUMER in the spaces on the cover page. nswer LL the questions in the spaces provided in this question paper. You are supplied with a 1: topographical map 2829 of HRRISMITH and an orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. You must hand the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. You must use the blank page at the back of this paper for all rough work and calculations. o NOT detach this page from the question paper. Show LL calculations and formulae, where applicable. Marks will be allocated for this. You may use a non-programmable calculator. The following English terms and their frikaans translations are shown on the topographical map. ENGLISH iggings aravan Park Sewage Works River Mouth Golf ourse Wetland FRIKNS Uitgrawings Karavaanpark Rioolwerke Riviermond Gholfbaan Vlei

39 Geography/P2 3 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-HOIE QUESTIONS The questions below are based on the 1: topographical map 2829 HRRISMITH, as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. hoose the answer and write only the letter ( ) in the block next to each question. 1.1 The main agricultural activity around Harrismith is... crop farming. fruit farming. cattle farming. chicken farming. 1.2 The recreational feature marked 1 on the orthophoto map is a park. nature reserve. golf course. plantation. 1.3 On the topographical map, Phomolong () in block 6/7 is an example of a/an residential area. high-income low-income middle-income informal 1.4 Which town is approximately 60 km from Harrismith? Van Reenen Warden Witsieshoek Kestell 1.5 The Sterkfontein am is to the of the town of Harrismith. south-west south-east south west 1.6 The map index to the south of 2829 is

40 Geography/P2 4 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum 1.7 The river in block 2 on the topographical map flows in a... direction. south-easterly north-easterly southerly north-westerly 1.8 The land-use zone numbered 1 on the orthophoto map is a recreational area. rural-urban fringe. residential area. plantation. / 1.9 The street pattern of the built-up area in blocks 1, 2 en 2 on the topographical map is planned irregular. a grid. unplanned irregular. radial The feature labelled E on the topographical map is (a) perennial water. non-perennial water. marsh and vlei. non-perennial river. (10 x 2) [20]

41 Geography/P2 5 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum QUESTION 2: LULTIONS N PPLITION 2.1 Harrismith holds an annual marathon that involves contestants running via Platberg. Study both the photograph of Platberg below and the area covered by blocks /10, 11, 12 and 13 on the topographical map before attempting the questions below Identify the landform named Platberg. Mesa/flat topped mountain (1 x 1) (1) Identify the shape of the slope that the contestants will be running up between points (block /10) on the topographical map. Explain your answer with reference to the contour lines on the map. Slope oncave/ concave at the bottom and convex over the cliff Explanation t the contour lines are far apart and closer to the contour lines are very close to each other [oncept] (2 x 1) alculate the average gradient of the slope between spot height 1797 and spot height 2263 in block 10 on the topographical map. Show LL calculations. VI = Gradient =VI HE 3.8 x 500 HE = 466 VI = OR = 466 HE = 3,8 x 500 = 1 : 4.07 = 1900 Gradient = = 1 : 4.07 (Range: 3,96 4,2) (5 x 1) (5)

42 Geography/P2 6 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum omment on the level of difficulty of this slope for a contestant. Easier at the bottom and difficult when one gets to the top [oncept of difficulty] (1 x 1) (1) Explain why a zig-zag footpath (block 11) has been cut over Platberg. To reduce the steepness of the slope/avoid obstacles To make it easier for runners/hikers/walkers to get to the top of the mountain/follows contours to make it less steep/make it safer To prevent erosion/mass movement [oncept] (1 x 1) (1)

43 Geography/P2 7 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum 2.2 Using the information on the topographical map, determine the magnetic declination for this year. Show LL calculations/steps followed. ifference in years = = 11 years Mean annual change = 11 x 8' = 88ˈ/1 28ˈW Magnetic declination in 2012 = 20 28'W + _ 88'_ =21 56'W (4 x 1) (4) 2.3 Refer to the feature labelled lokhuis (4) on the orthophoto map. raw a cross-section of the feature from 2 to 3 on the axis provided below cm represents 10 m ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ : [½ for every correct ] 12 x ½ (6) [20]

44 Geography/P2 8 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum QUESTION 3: PPLITION N INTERPRETTION 3.1 The Sterkfontein am forms an important part of the Tugela-Vaal Scheme. Refer to the diagram below (FIGURE 3.1) as well as the dam on the topographical map to answer the questions that follow. Spioenkop riel Woodstock Killburn riekloof Sterkfontein rakensberg Tunnel Turbines FIGURE escribe the difference in position of the Sterkfontein am in relation to the Spioenkop, riel, Woodstock and Killburn ams. Sterkfontein am on the plateau and the others on foothills of the rakensberg Sterkfontein is higher and the other dams lower Sterkfontein further inland and the others towards the ocean Sterkfontein is in the west and the others are towards the east [ny ONE] (1 x 2) The Sterkfontein am has an ideal location for the storage of water. Give ONE reason to support this statement. In an area with low evaporation rates Natural flow of water into the area It is deep Has a small surface area Gravitational flow/hydro-power ontained by high area with narrow opening asaltic area therefore forms aquiclude Ideal to store water before its pumped to Vaal am [ny ONE] (1 x 2)

45 Geography/P2 9 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum Name TWO ways in which the residents of Harrismith and its surrounding area can benefit from the Sterkfontein am. Water supply for domestic and industrial use and mining Generation of electricity For irrigation/farming Recreation or examples e.g. fishing/sailing/rowing Tourism Job opportunities Flood control [ny TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 3.2 Harrismith is located in a low-rainfall area. Give TWO pieces of evidence from the map to support this statement. There are a number of dams There are a number of non-perennial rivers/dry river courses Many wind pumps to use underground water Many reservoirs to store water Furrows for irrigation Many firebreaks to prevent runaway fires (llocate marks for a well presented logical answer that this is a high rainfall area and give reasons from the map) [ny TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 3.3 Identify the drainage pattern in blocks E/F3, 4 and 5 and give evidence from the map to support your answer. Radial/centrifugal Rivers flow from the mountain outwards [oncept] (2 x 2) (4) 3.4 Refer to Nuwejaarspruit in block G2 on the topographical map Is this a perennial or non-perennial river? Perennial (1 x 2) Nuwejaarspruit is in its middle course, changing to the lower course. Give TWO pieces of evidence from the map to support this statement. lot of meanders Oxbow lake has developed bandoned meanders Meander scar Wide floodplain Gradual course Marshes and vleis [ny TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

46 Geography/P2 10 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum 3.5 Harrismith is a very old town that developed in the colonial era. Support this statement with ONE piece of evidence from the map. Monuments/ The lock house It tells (assumed) of the nglo oer War/South frican War 42 nd lack Watch of South Staffordshire Regiment Royal Highlanders 42 nd lack Watch of Manchester Regiment 42 nd lack Watch of Royal Highlanders Regiment Special font used to indicate the features The whole town has gridiron street pattern (English/ritish) place names have a colonial feel e.g. Victoria lake/queens Hill etc [ny ONE] (1 x 2) 3.6 Refer to the dominant primary activity practiced in blocks H1 and H Identify the dominant primary activity referred to above. Mining/Open cast mining/excavation (1 x 2) Explain how the environment is likely to be affected by this activity identified in QUESTION in a negative way. 3.7 Refer to the N3. Unhealthy environment/ environmental injustice ause land/air and water pollution/ground water pollution estruction of natural vegetation estroys ecosystem/biodiversity/habitat Soil erosion estroy aesthetic appeal/scars the land espoliation Mass movement/examples of [ny ONE] (1 x 2) Why does the N3 NOT pass through Harrismith? Need to reach destination sooner To avoid traffic congestion in town Reduce accident rate/safer route Reduce noise and air pollution uild around an already established settlement couldn t handle a large volume of traffic amage to roads by increase traffic flow [ny TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

47 Geography/P2 11 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum What is the disadvantage for businesses of the N3 not passing through Harrismith? Potential income by tourists will decrease ecrease of threshold population Economic stagnation/small business close down [oncept] [ny ONE] (1 x 2) 3.8 Refer to Wilgerpark on the orthophoto map Wilgerpark developed much later than the original town of Harrismith. Give ONE reason from the orthophoto map to support this statement. Wilgerpark has a planned irregular street pattern Less vegetation/trees/plants Situated on the outskirts/far from existing built-up area/ Fewer/No services Open spaces between buildings [ny ONE] (1 x 2) Wilgerpark is a high-income residential area. Give ONE piece of evidence from the topographical map to support your answer. Large stands/houses Far from the industries/ lose to open space/river lose to recreational areas uild on North facing/warm slopes ccessibility [ny ONE] (1 x 2) Give ONE disadvantage of the location of Wilgerpark. lose to the N5 causing noise Far from the /services Longer distance to travel to work/higher transport costs Unhealthy to live next/below the power line which runs through the settlement Prevailing winds from industries and sewage plants cause pollution/bad odours [ny ONE] (1 x 2) [40]

48 Geography/P2 12 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum QUESTION 4: GEOGRPHIL INFORMTION SYSTEMS (GIS) 4.1 Study the map below (FIGURE 4.1) which shows the path of the tornado that tore through Harrismith a few years ago. Many data layers were used to draw this map. HRRISMITH [Source: Goliger en Van Wyk] FIGURE efine the term data layering (overlaying). ombination of different data layers to produce a map for a particular area [oncept] (1 x 2) Name TWO data layers visible on the map (FIGURE 4.1). Road/airfield/transport/infrastructure Relief/contours/hill/topography am/drainage Farming/cultivation uildings Path of tornado [ny TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

49 Geography/P2 13 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum GIS is useful in disaster management. Explain how it would have assisted the local authorities with planning after the tornado struck. heck service delivery shortfalls after a tornado Route planning to supply relief nalyse the quality of service Relief coordination Prioritizing relief Satellite pictures to assess the destruction [ny TWO. ccept other] (2 x 2) (4) 4.2 Study the photo (FIGURE 4.2) of the N3 that bypasses Harrismith and connects urban and Johannesburg. [Source: Google] FIGURE ifferentiate between spatial data and attribute data. Spatial data describes the location of features using coordinates/position of features [oncept] ttribute data is the value given to the spatial data/characteristics about feature/description of feature [oncept] (2 x 2) (4) What type of spatial object (point, line or polygon) is the road? Line (1 x 2)

50 Geography/P2 14 E/November 2012 NS Memorandum Give ONE attribute that can be captured for the N3. National road Tarred road Many lanes Road markings ench marks Road signs Speed cameras [ny ONE. ccept other suitable answers] (1 x 2) 4.3 If a vehicle with a global positioning system (GPS) approaches Harrismith, how can the GPS assist the driver to find the hospital numbered 10 on the orthophoto map? It provides the precise position and direction to the driver Through navigation [ny ONE] (1 x 2) GRN TOTL: [20] 100