Geography - Year 8 Revision for Common Entrance Trial Examination in February 2016

Transcription

1 Geography - Year 8 Revision for Common Entrance Trial Examination in February 2016 The Year 8 Trial Examination takes place in week 6 (week beginning 22/02/16) of the Spring Term This will be your final trial before the CE examinations in June The Trial will consist of a full CE paper. As in the November Trial, I will narrow down the revision you have to do (but not as much as I did for the November Trial!). There are two main reasons for cutting the amount of revision you have to do:- 1. You are still working on your CE Coursework. 2. You have yet to complete the syllabus (we have started work on Population and Settlement this term; you will be studying Industry and Transport from Week 9 of the Spring Term). This is the format of the examination:- Section A asks questions about Global Location. Section B is based on an OS map extract and can ask questions connected to any of the topics you have studied over the last couple of years as well as topics you have yet to study in Year 8. Section C covers Thematic Studies i.e. the five main Topics studied in Years 6, 7 and 8. Knowledge of case studies is required for Section C. You are required to answer all the questions within an hour. To start with you need to know where to find information on the topics we have studied as well as the topics you will continue to study in Year 8. Below is a list of sources for revision:-

2 Years 6, 7 and 8 Exercise books these contain class and prep work on three full units of study: Volcanoes and Earthquakes, Weather and Climate and Rivers and Coasts (a full list of topics is given below). You also have some work on the fourth unit of study Population and Settlement in your latest exercise book. CGP Geography Revision Guide Essentials! sheets:- Coasts the essentials! Earthquakes and Volcanoes the essentials! Economic Activity the essentials! Environmental Issues the essentials! Rivers the essentials! Weather and Climate the essentials! Set of A4 Case Studies - For the purposes of this Trial Examination I have given you THREE of these to revise (you can break down the information on these further by writing key points onto cards see instruction sheet How to construct a Revision Card ). Class Folder this contains extra information sheets on each topic as well as CE questions/answers and Past Papers. Here is a breakdown of each section of the paper:- Section A of the paper You have 10 minutes to complete Section A of the paper. In this section you may be asked to locate the following on either a World map, Europe map, UK map, Asia map, Africa map or a North and South America map:- countries, cities, rivers, oceans, mountain ranges, lines of latitude (Cancer, Equator and Capricorn), the Prime Meridian (this is zero degrees longitude, passing through Greenwich in London) and time differences travelling eastwards (1 hour forward) or westwards (1 hour back). For this Trial, I want you to revise places and features in the World as a whole, Europe and the UK.

3 Ensure that you revise theses places and features using an Atlas (you can book one out from the Geography Department if you need to) or use an Online Atlas. Below is a list of the European places and features you may be asked about. You will not be asked to locate anywhere that is not on this list! Section A - Global Location Major global physical features Continent: Europe Mountain ranges and upland areas: Alps, Pyrenees, Grampians, Lake District, Pennines, Snowdonia. Oceans and seas: Atlantic, Arctic, Irish Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Sea. Rivers: Amazon, Mississippi, Nile, Rhine, Severn, Thames, Trent, Clyde, Shannon, Mersey, Tyne and Yangtze. UK Islands: Anglesey, Jersey, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Orkneys, Shetlands, Isle of Wight. Other global features Arctic Circle, Antarctic Circle, Equator, International Dateline, North Pole, Prime Meridian, South Pole, Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Countries Global: Egypt, South Africa, Mexico, Argentina and China. Europe: Netherlands, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Portugal, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine. United Kingdom: England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Rep. of Ireland. Major cities and city states: Athens, Belfast, Newcastle, Berlin, Madrid, Warsaw, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Beijing, Cairo, Pretoria, Mexico City, Buenos Aries, London, Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Dublin, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Plymouth, Southampton and Warsaw. Section B of the paper You have 10 minutes to complete Section B of the paper. In this section you are required to study an OS Map extract. Make sure you know your four and six

4 figure grid references, directions (N, S, E and W and rest of the 8 point compass), distances and scale as well as height on maps (spot heights and contour lines. If you are unsure about any of these check out the map reading section in your Revision Guide. Also, look at the information below:- Section B - Ordnance Survey Map work You will have to know the following:- 4 and 6 figure grid references. Map Symbols these come with the map! (the key) but it would be useful to know major symbols to speed up answers in the examination. Identify compass directions - 8 point. Identify relief features on a map e.g. a slope, a hill, a valley, a river (waterfalls are usually labelled by name e.g. Highforce Waterfall, Meander, Ox-bow lake, floodplain). Work out the straight line distance between two points as well as being able to measure the distance along a winding road, river, railway etc. (use the straight edge of a piece of paper for the latter). Work out the highest and lowest point in metres within a particular area of a map extract (usually within a grid square) Work out the range of height between two points on the map using contour lines or spot heights (usually within a grid square).

5 Describe the land use of a part of the map can be a whole host of things including coniferous/non-coniferous woods, ind est indicating industrial estate, housing, roads/railways, quarry, hotel, caravan and camping etc. Identify reasons for the location of settlements along a flat part of a valley, near a river for water, near woods for fuel (early settlement factors), near roads/railway lines/ports (settlement growth!), nodal points (particularly for Market Towns), away from flooding from a large river. Identify reasons for the location of land use such as industrial estates, airports, sea ports, retail parks, business parks etc. flat land for space and expansion, near urban area for source of labour, not too near an urban area as to cause too much disruption, near transport routes for bringing supplies/raw materials in and transporting finished products to other towns/cities, away from potential flooding of large rivers etc. Identify different types of economic activity on a map e.g. Primary (farm, Quarry, Coalmine, fishing port), Secondary (Industrial Estate, works, mill, etc.) and Tertiary (Hotels, Supermarkets/Retail Parks, Tourist facilities such as camping etc.). Describe the course of a river on a map from the source (where land is higher indicated by tighter contour lines), through the middle stage (where land becomes gentler indicated by wider contour lines) to the final mature stage (where the land is virtually flat indicated by very wide spacing in contour lines on a map). Please note that you may be asked to describe the changing shape of the channel as well as the changing shape of the valley. Identify which way a river is flowing on a map look at spot heights/contour heights along the course of the river; the river will always flow from the higher points towards the lower points. Be able to work out the area of a place/land use such as woods using the scale at the bottom of the OS map extract Each square on a 1:50,000 map = 1 square Km. Section C of the paper

6 This is the Thematic Studies section of the paper. You are required to answer all five questions. Each question will be based on a theme or topic studied in Years 6, 7 and 8. These themes or topics are listed below. The questions for each theme or topic will ask you about the key concepts. For example, the question on Rivers and Coasts may start off by asking you about different types of weathering and erosion. Then you might be asked to draw a diagram explaining how a particular landform has been formed (e.g. a Meander in a river or a Stack along the coast). The question might finish by asking you about a case study on flooding (Somerset Floods or Bangladesh would be your case studies). You will have 8 minutes to answer each question. Keep it simple and answer the questions directly do not waffle! For example if the question asks for impacts and responses, do not write anything about causes. You must revise the A4 case study information sheets. There are three case studies for you to revise for the forthcoming trial in Spring 2016:- Volcanoes The eruption of Mount St. Helens in Flooding Bangladesh. Industry and Transport Nike. Try to make revision cards based on the A4 case study sheets these will help you in the rest of your geography examinations. Be aware that there are less direct questions on your case studies compared to papers in previous years. You are asked more questions on theory linked to your case studies. Below is a list of topics to revise for the Trial:- Earthquakes and Volcanoes The structure of the Earth The four layers of the Earth from Inner Core to Crust, the general temperature of each layer and what moves the tectonic plates i.e. Convection Currents.

7 The four plate boundaries Constructive, Destructive, Conservative and Collision. You need to be able to draw and fully annotate a diagram showing what happens at a Destructive Plate Boundary. Volcanic hazards Ash clouds, volcanic bombs, lahars and lava flows. You need to know how each cause damage to both humans and the environment. An example of a volcanic eruption to show the nature, causes, environmental and human effects and human responses The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (Information found in your Year 6 exercise book and in the A4 case study sheet). Weather and Climate Causes of temperature and rainfall variations from place to place in the British Isles the main temperature and rainfall patterns in the British Isles the influence of latitude (how far North and South of the Equator), altitude (how low/high), relief (which direction a slope faces North colder/south warmer), prevailing (usual) winds (from the SW in the UK bringing warm, moist air), distance from coast and the basic impact of the North Atlantic Drift. Microclimate what is it? Factors affecting microclimates Aspect, surface colour, buildings and shelter. Rainfall relief, convectional, frontal. How to draw or annotate a diagram and explain the formation of different types of rainfall. Rivers and Coasts Weathering Biological, Chemical, Freeze thaw/frost shattering and onion-skin weathering. Processes of erosion Hydraulic Action, Abrasion, Corrosion and Attrition. Processes of Transportation Solution, Suspension, traction and Saltation. Coastal Landforms and processes How does a Spit form? You need to be able to draw and annotate (label with some explanation) a diagram of a Spit. How does a Stack form? Again, you have to be able to draw and annotate a diagram. Causes of flooding Human and Physical Causes.

8 Flooding Case Study You need to focus on the impacts (effects) of and Responses to the 1998 Bangladesh Flood (see exercise book and A4 case study sheet). Population and Settlement Population density in the UK Where do most people in the UK live? Reasons for dense and sparse population. The causes of the rise or fall of the population of an individual country (e.g. The UK) - the meaning of birth rate, death rate, natural increase and migration. Migration What does it mean and what causes it? Transport and Industry The different types (sectors) of economic activity - primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary. You need to know what type of jobs come under each sector e.g. fishermen come under the Primary Sector. Reasons why green spaces, countryside areas and ocean habitats should be preserved. You must understand what is meant by Conserve, Manage, Sustainable Development and Stewardship. How economic activities operate in contrasting locations You need to know how a multi-national company operates both in a developed (MEDC) and developing country (LEDC). Also, you need to know the Positive and Negative impacts on the local area in both countries. Your case study is Nike and its operations in the USA and Indonesia. The list of topics above are less than what you will have to learn for the final CE examination at the end of Year 8. This should give you a fair chance of scoring a decent mark in the trial examination.

9 We will be practicing global location and map skills in the lessons leading up to your Trial. I have given you a past paper to do over the Spring Half-Term Holiday. Have a go at some of the questions over the half term break. A final note Examinations are important and people get nervous. The best way to approach examinations is to be well prepared. Your responses to questions will be more effective if you are relaxed and confident. GOOD LUCK!