URBAN DEVELOPMENT. and CLIMATE CHANGE. a case study bangalore. Shubham Mishra

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1 URBAN DEVELOPMENT and CLIMATE CHANGE a case study bangalore Shubham Mishra

2 bangalore Bangalore has shown significant rise in temperatures in the recent past. With the growth of Bangalore, local factors such as lakes and green areas which for a long time have had a soothing influence on the micro climate have decreased. From a no-fan station, the city has developed into one of the fastest growing air conditioner markets.

3 aims, objectives and scope of work To establish the link between urban development and climate change in Bangalore Urbanization has an impact on numerous climatic parameters. In this study only temperature was taken into account. Study limited to land cover changes only; changes in land use were not considered. The study is kept limited to March which is the period of maximum discomfort

4 research design Analysis of urban development: changes in land cover Study of Long term climatic trends of the city Spatial analysis of thermal satellite images Simultaneous temperature measurements in different areas of the city

5 Open Spaces according to area std. Area as/ Master Plan Population Growth over the years (in Lakhs) urban development in bangalore 1. Open spaces have drastically reduced after % of the open spaces converted between 1971 and 1981 can be attributed to residential use. Area of Open Spaces Area as per Parks & Playground Act

6 the city of lakes that bangalore was Bangalore is located on a ridge that forms a divide between the Challaghatta and Vrishabavati basins in the east and west respectively. Each valley at the ridge top gives birth to smaller streams that cascade down to form major stream systems in the three valleys. The naturally undulating terrain of the city lends itself perfectly to the development of lakes that can capture and store rainwater. Apart from providing water the water bodies also helped in moderating the micro climate. Absence of a perennial source led the founders of the city to wisely dam the streams between the ridges to create lakes.

7 the city of lakes that bangalore is The number of man-made wetlands in the BCC and BDA areas has fallen from 262 in 1960 to around 81 lakes at present. Majority of wetlands located on the outskirts have been eaten up by urban expansion. Examples of conversion of lake to built up area

8 urban development and climate change A study of climate of Bangalore between 1875 and 1980 (Mani, A., 1980) reveals no appreciable change in the mean temperatures. Analysis of mean monthly minimum and maximum of March between 1980 and 2004 shows mixed results. Mean monthly maximum has remained more or less constant while men monthly minimum has increased.

9 land surface temperatures: method Band 6 in Landsat TM and ETM+ is a thermal band that can be used to measure surface temperatures. Cotton Pet, 24.4 C Cubbon Park, 19.7 C Old Airport, 25.2 C Vartur Lake, 18.2 C Extraction of LST from Landsat Band 6 involves: 1. Conversion of DN into spectral radiance 2. Conversion of radiance into blackbody temperatures 3. Correction of emissivity and extraction of temperatures in degree celcius

10 LST: comparison with land cover Mean Temperatures ( C) Water Vegetation Bare Soil Built Up Change in Areas (sq.km.) Water Vegetation Bare Soil Built Up

11 mobile temperature survey: GKVK YESHWANTPUR IISC CAMPUS MALLESHWARAM COTTON PET CUBBON PARK INDIRANAGAR LALBAGH JAYANAGAR

12 GKVK IISC CAMPUS COTTON PET JAYANAGAR city temperature profile graphs:

13 city temperature profile graphs:

14 simultaneous temperature surveys TIPPANAHALLI WHITEFIELD COTTON PET KENGERI JAYANAGAR BANNERGATTA NISARGA

15 conclusion: By 2009 Greater Bangalore was reported to have witnessed an increase of 632% in urban area ( ) along with 76 % and 79% in vegetation and water bodies (Ramchandra and Kumar, 2010) India s Urbanization Scenario in million people living in cities 70% of net new employment opportunities to be generated in cities 68 cities will have population of 1 million plus, up from billion square metres of roads will need to be paved