NOTE: Numbering is messed up on the study guide

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Georgia Wheeler
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1 EOC REVIEW KEY 2016 UNIT 1 1) 1-protons, 2-neutrons, 3-electrons 2) Name: F Symbol: F Atomic #: 9 Avg Atm. Mass: Protons = 9 Neutrons = 19-9=10 3) Yes: Carbon-12 No: Nitrogen Yes: Carbon-13 No: Cation of Carbon-12 4) Protons: 6, 6, 6 Neutrons: 6, 7, 8 Electrons: 6, 6, 6 UNIT 2 5) B is mixture A=element, C=compound, D=diatomic element 6) B water is compound H2O A&C are elements; D air is mixture 7) B 8) B 9) D oxidation & combustion are a chemical changes 10) B 11) Homogeneous: Koolaid, gasoline, hand lotion Heterogeneous: tossed salad, trail mix, cells UNIT 3 12) D = m/v = 200 g / 50 ml = 4 G/mL *Remember the broken heart ratio. 13) Ionic bonding occurs between metals and nonmetals, and they give (lose) or gain (take) electrons. 14) Li2O 15) Mg3 +2 N2-3 16) Sodium chloride (table salt); ionic 17) Lithium sulfide; ionic 18) Covalent bonding occurs between nonmetals and metalloids or nonmetals, and they share electrons. 19) Silicon tetrafluoride; covalent 20) Dipotassium pentoxide; covalent 21) 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O (synthesis) 22) 3 H2 + N2 2 NH3 (synthesis) 23) 2 AL2O3 4 Al + 3 O2 NOTE: Numbering is messed up on the study guide 22) Synthesis: #21, 22 above Decomposition: #23 above single displacement: NaBr + I NaI + Br double displacement: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H 2 O 23) 380g 24) C

2 UNIT 4 25) Metals are malleable, ductile, shiny, conductors of heat and electricity, form cations (give away electrons). 26) Nonmetals are usually gaseous or solids that are brittle, dull in appearance, insulators for heat & electricity, form anions or covalent bonds. 27) Semiconductors, form covalent (or polar) bonds. 28) Hydrogen is mostly like a nonmetal / gaseous, but it bonds as a metal (cation). It doesn t really fit into the metal/nonmetal groupings. 29) Alkali metals (Group 1): form +1 cations extremely reactive/explosive never found in pure, elemental form in nature 30) Alkaline earth metals (Group 2): form +2 cations very reactive, not found pure, elemental in nature 31) Transition metals (Groups 3-12): very ductile & malleable, excellent conductors, variable bonding as cations. 32) Noble gases (Group 18): inert (do not react), full valence shells, gaseous 33) Halogens (Group 17): very reactive, form -1 anions UNIT 5 34) Solid: lowest energy state, vibrate in place, particles strongly attracted to each other, definite shape and volume Liquid: particles are close together, but slide past each other easily, definite volume but takes shape of container. Gas: particles move independently and rapidly takes the shape and volume of its container. Changes in temperature or pressure vary easily (remember the gas laws!). Plasma: extremely high energy gas particles have ionized (electrons have fallen off) 35) Charles Law, directly related 36) Boyle s Law, inversely related 37) Gay Lussac s Law, directly related 38) Top arrow, going downward Exothermic Lower arrow, going upward Endothermic Solid liquid melt; Solid liquid freeze/solidify Liquid gas evaporate; Liquid gas condense UNIT 6 39) * stir / motion, * heating (faster particle motion), * crushing the solid (decrease particle size to increase surface area) Exception is gas dissolved in liquid behaves the opposite: heating or motion reduces solubility of gas 40) 80g 41) 40g 42) a. 0 to <7 b. red c. sour d. yes e. yes, to metals f. react w/bases to make salt g. vinegar, citrus juices, stomach acid 43) ph = >7 to 14 a. blue b. bitter c. yes d. not to metal e. slippery, react w/acids to make salt f. baking soda, lye, drain cleaner, ammonia 44) with the opposite they neutralize each other.

3 UNIT 7 45) KE is energy of motion PE is stored energy, not yet released or energy or position 46) KE = ½ mv ( ½ )(8kg)(4 m/s) 2 = ( ½ )(8kg)(5 m/s) 2 = 100J 47) PE = mgh mg = weight PE = 5N * 3m = 15J 48) 15J 49) B 50) E 51) F 52) C 53) A 54) D 55) (omitted this number) 56) They are all methods of heat transfer. Conduction: by contact Convection: by moving fluids Radiation: by electromagnetic radiation 57) Both relate to heat of electrical transfer Conductor: allows transfer easily Insulator: prevents transfer 58) a. maximum PE; minimum KE b. increasing KE, decreasing PE, some dissipated E c. maximum KE, minimum PE d. minimum KE, mostly PE (but less than point a ), some E has dissipated by friction to thermal, sound 59) a. Electric thermal & kinetic, some light b. chemical(battery) electrical sound&light c. electrical thermal and light 60) Q = m c T therefore c = Q / (m)( T) J / (15.75g)(150 o C) = 0.46 j/g o C UNIT 8 61) a. radio (lowest E, lowest f, longest ) b. micro c. infrared/ir d. visible e. ultraviolet/uv f. X-ray g. gamma (highest E, highest f, shortest ) most dangerous and damaging 62) a. Reflection: waves bounce off of a barrier Law of Reflection: angle of incidence = angle of reflection as compared with normal b. Refraction: waves bend as they change medium because they speed up or slow down. Going into a denser medium (eg from air into water or glass) bends the light toward normal; going into a less dense medium (eg from water or glass into air), bends away from normal c. Diffraction: waves bend while passing around a barrier. d. Constructive Interference: waves overlap crest-tocrest and trough-to-trough to increase amplitude

4 e. Destructive interference: waves overlap crest-totrough and combine to reduce amplitude goofy numbering: 68) the medium solid is faster than liquid; liquid is faster than gas these are because the particles are very close together and in contact with each other. However, within a state of matter, sound travels faster in higher temperatures than in cold. 63) a. crest b. trough c. wavelength ( ) d. amplitude e. resting position 64) omitted 65) omitted 66) EM: transverse waves, pure energy, no medium needed, fastest through a vacuum / slowed by medium Mechanical: can be transverse or longitudinal, medium is required for physical motion, medium affects speed denser state of matter speeds wave Both: periodic oscillation of energy, motion of energy 67) Frequency and wavelength are inversely related As frequency increases, wavelength decreases (more waves per second), (shorter waves) UNIT 9 68) Frequency decrease = lower pitch (tone, note) and increases (longer) 69) As sound approaches, waves are compressed and a higher pitch is perceived. As sound moves away, waves are stretched apart and a lower pitch is heard. The true tone is not changed, just the pitch heard. 70) Hot solid (fastest) cold solid Hot liquid cold liquid hot gas cold gas (slow) 71) EM spectrum is categorized by wavelength or frequency: High f, short Low f, long gamma Xray UV visible IR micro radio 72) Green

5 UNIT 10 73) Mass measures the amount of matter (total amu s) in something. Mass is unaffected by gravity. Weight is the measure of gravity s pull on a mass more gravity on Earth, so more weight on Earth than on the moon. 74) Omitted 75) Omitted 76) Bowling ball would hit first because it has less air resistance. Note: on the moon (no atmosphere) both would drop at the same rate, but slower than on Earth because there is less gravity. 77) Mass of both objects and distance between them. Distance has a greater impact (exponential) 78) A = s / t = (2.5 m /s) / 1.25 s = 2 m /s 2 79) 40m / 6 m /s = 6.7 seconds 80) (90 mi /hr) (3 1 /3 hr) = 300 mi 81) (330 m /sec) (0.25 sec) = 82.5 m 82) Accelerating toward the right net force 6N 83) 2N UNIT 11 84) An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion continues at constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Expl: Baseball when thrown continues straight unless caught, hit, or pulled to the ground by gravity and slowed by friction. 85) F = ma Examples: It requires more force to accelerate a large truck than a small car. A massive bowling ball will accelerate the lighter bowling pins faster than the ball moved w/ same force. 86) Action/Reaction Force Pairs also called Conservation of Momentum When you hit a wall, the wall hits you back with the same force but opposite direction. UNIT 12 87) P = w/t and w = Fd therefore P = Fd/t P = 3N * 10m = 0.25 W 120 sec 88) First person because same work in less time. 89) More work in same time or Same work in less time 90) 5N Ideal mechanical advantage is 2 (two rope segments are lifting the load), so half of the force will move twice the distance. 91) W = F d = (100N)(4m) = 400J 92) Less force required but spread across longer distance

ESSENTIAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE VOCABULARY

ESSENTIAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE VOCABULARY I. MATTER: ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND VOLUME A. mass 1. amount of matter in an object 2. measured in grams B. volume 1. amount of space 2. measured in Liters for liquid