PS STUDY GUIDE Which diagram represents an electrically neutral atom?
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1 PS STUDY GUIDE Which action will result in a new product with new chemical properties? A. shredding a newspaper B. cutting wood C. breaking a mirror D. popping popcorn 5. Which diagram represents an electrically neutral atom? 2. This is a ph chart of common materials. A. Which substance is the most basic? A. Cola B. Cheese C. Baking Soda D. Bleach 3. Which diagram represents the change of ice to water? B. A. B. C. C. D. 4. This chart represents the melting points and boiling points for four substances. D. 6. Which statement best describes the part of the atom that is shown by the arrow? Which substance is a solid at -200 o C? A. chlorine B. nitrogen C. oxygen D. hydrogen A. It is an electron, and it has a negative charge. B. It is an electron, and it has a positive charge. C. It is a proton, and it has a negative charge. D. It is a proton, and it has a positive charge.
2 PS STUDY GUIDE Why is KOH considered to be a base? A. It produces OH+ ions in solution. B. It produces H+ ions in solution. C. It produces H- ions in solution. D. It produces OH- ions in solution. 13. Magnesium (Mg) and fluorine (F) are chemically combined. Based on the periodic table, which statement describes the interaction of these two elements? 8. Common soaps are often basic. Which of these is a property of a chemical base? A. sour taste B. ph equal to 6 C. turns litmus paper blue D. forms bubbles with limestone 9. All of the following samples of matter are correctly identified EXCEPT. A. oxygen gas - homogeneous mixture B. chocolate chip ice cream - heterogeneous mixture C. aluminum foil - homogeneous mixture D. sugar solution - heterogeneous mixture 10. Which answer choice best identifies the sample of matter in the diagram below? A. Mg is a metal and F is a nonmetal that forms an ionic bond. B. Mg is a nonmetal and F is a metal that forms an ionic bond. C. Mg is a metal and F is a metal that forms a covalent bond. D. Mg is a metalloid and F is a nonmetal that forms a covalent bond. 14. The law of conservation of mass can be demonstrated by a chemical reaction. Which of the following models of a chemical reaction best represents the law of conservation of mass? A. A. suspension B. compound C. element D. colloid 11. Which of the following has six valence electrons? A. magnesium (Mg) B. silicon (Si) C. sulfur (S) D. argon (Ar) 12. Barium (Ba) and iodine (I) combine to form an ionic compound. What is the chemical formula for this compound? A. BaI B. BaI 2 C. Ba 2I D. Ba 2I 2 B. C. D. 15. A balanced chemical equation reflects the idea that the mass of the products. A. is greater than the mass of the reactants B. is less than the mass of the reactants C. equals the mass of the reactants D. is not related to the mass of the reactants 16. What type of elements are found along the bold line on the periodic table below? 22. A balanced equation is shown below. C 6H 12O 6 2C 2H 5OH + 2CO 2
3 PS STUDY GUIDE - 1 Which of the following statements correctly compares the mass of the reactant with the mass of the products in this equation? A. The mass of the reactant is half the mass of the products. B. The mass of the reactant is twice the mass of the products. C. The mass of the reactant is one-fourth the mass of the products. D. The mass of the reactant is the same as the mass of the products. A. metal B. nonmetal C. metalloid D. compound 17. Which of the following lists three states of water in order of increasing kinetic energy? A. ice, vapor, liquid B. liquid, ice, vapor C. vapor, liquid, ice D. ice, liquid, vapor 18. Which of the following is an example of a physical change? A. lighting a match B. burning wood C. breaking a glass D. rusting of iron 19. Iodine would have chemical properties most like. A. manganese (Mn) B. tellurium (Te) C. chlorine (Cl) D. xenon (Xe) 20. Which elements are in the same period? A. lead and sodium B. oxygen and helium C. silver and tin D. tin and lead 23. How does the kinetic energy of the particles of a solid compare to the kinetic energy of the particles of a gas? A. particles of a solid have greater kinetic energy than particles of a gas B. particles of a solid have less kinetic energy than particles of a gas C. particles of a solid have the same kinetic energy as particles of a gas D. particles of a solid do not have kinetic energy and particles of a gas do 24. How can two different nonmetals form a compound? A. by sharing protons B. by sharing electrons C. by gaining or losing protons D. by gaining or losing electrons 25. Which of the compounds listed below will most likely be formed when lithium (Li) and nitrogen (N) are chemically combined? A. LiN B. Li 3N C. LiN 3 D. Li 3N Which element is least likely to react with other elements? A. helium B. iodine C. phosphorus D. sulfur 27. According to the periodic table, which two elements would have the most similar reactivity? A. two from the same row B. two from the same column C. two that are in neighboring columns D. two that are side by side on the periodic table 21. Which of the following chemical equations is balanced correctly? A. C 6H 6 + O 2 2CO 2 + 3H 2O B. CS 2 + 3Cl 2 CCl 4 + S 2Cl 2 C. B 2O 3 + 2C B 4C + CO D. Cl 2 + NaI 2NaCl + I The graph shows a solubility curve for several
4 compounds. Which substance has a solubility of 50g per 100g of water at 46 C? PS STUDY GUIDE - 1 A. HCl B. KClO 3 C. KNO 3 D. NH 4Cl 29. Which compound contains ionic bonds? A. KCl B. SCl 2 C. PCl 3 D. CCl Which is the chemical formula for nitrogen monoxide? A. NO B. N 2O C. NO 2 D. N 2O Which of these elements is a metalloid? A. cobalt B. fluorine C. lithium D. silicon 32. Which type of chemical bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another? A. compound B. covalent C. ionic D. metallic
5 PS STUDY GUIDE - 1 # Answer Standard # Answer Standard 1 D B D D A B A B D B A A D B C D D A B A C D B C A A C C D C C C 2.2.1
6 1. Which of the following lists three states of water in order of increasing kinetic energy? A. ice, vapor, liquid B. liquid, ice, vapor C. vapor, liquid, ice D. ice, liquid, vapor 5. The table below shows the atomic mass of four stable calcium (Ca) isotopes. What characteristic is different in each isotope? 2. Which of the following statements correctly explains the difference between the two mixtures in the diagram below? A. the position in the periodic table of the elements B. the net charge of the nucleus C. the mass of the protons in the nucleus D. the number of neutrons in the nucleus A. Mixture 1 is homogeneous because the different particles are unevenly distributed. B. Mixture 1 is heterogeneous because the different particles are evenly distributed. C. Mixture 2 is homogeneous because the different particles are unevenly distributed. D. Mixture 2 is homogeneous because the different particles are evenly distributed. 6. Magnesium (Mg) and fluorine (F) are chemically combined. Based on the periodic table, which statement describes the interaction of these two elements? 3. The graph on this page shows the solubility curves for various ionic compounds. What is the solubility of CsNO 3 at 52 C? A. Mg is a metal and F is a nonmetal that forms an ionic bond. B. Mg is a nonmetal and F is a metal that forms an ionic bond. C. Mg is a metal and F is a metal that forms a covalent bond. D. Mg is a metalloid and F is a nonmetal that forms a covalent bond. 7. Which chemical formula is written correctly? A. NaO B. KCl C. LiCO 3 D. (NH 4)2N A. 40 grams B. 26 grams C. 31 grams D. 50 grams 4. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Which of the following elements would you expect to be most similar to oxygen in terms of its chemical properties? A. nitrogen (N) B. fluorine (F) C. sulfur (S) D. chlorine (Cl) 8. The table below shows the ph and reaction to litmus of four body fluids. These data indicate that gastric juice is. A. very acidic B. very basic C. positively charged D. negatively charged.
7 9. Each circle shown below represents a different atom. 13. The graph below shows the speed of an object during a 10 s time interval. Which diagram illustrates that matter is always conserved during a chemical reaction? A. B. In which of the following time intervals is the speed of the object decreasing? A. between 0 s and 2 s B. between 2 s and 4 C. between 6 s and 8 s D. between 8 s and 10 s 14. The diagram represents a reaction. C. D. 10. Which equation represents a single replacement reaction that can occur? A. F 2 + 2NaCl 2NaF + Cl 2 B. Cl 2 + 2NaF 2NaCl + F 2 C. Cu + 2NaCl CuCl 2 + 2Na D. Zn + 2NaF ZnF 2 + 2Na 11. Radium, a radioactive element, decays over time. How much would remain of 20 grams of radium after two half-lives have passed? A. 0 grams B. 5 grams C. 7 grams D. 10 grams Which process is being represented? A. synthesis B. combustion C. nuclear fusion D. nuclear fission 15. A person is sitting on a train that is moving 100 km/h. From which frame of reference is the person moving 0 km/h? A. the ground B. the train C. a train passing in the opposite direction D. a car stopped at a crossing 16. Student X pushes a 10-N box with a force of 2 N. At the same time, Student Y pushes the same box with a force of 6 N, but in the opposite direction. Which would most likely occur? (Ignore friction.) A. The resultant force on the box would be 8 N. B. The resultant force on the box would be 18 N. C. The box will move toward Student X. D. The box will move toward Student Y. 12. Gravity increases with increasing. A. speed of the object B. mass of the object C. distance between the objects D. velocity of the object
8 17. This graph represents the cooling curve for a pure substance in a liquid state at t = 0 min. 21. Which of the following statements best describes a complex machine? A. It is designed to move with a motor. B. It is constructed from machine-made parts. C. It is made of more than one simple machine. D. It is built from more than one type of material. 22. When electric current flows through a metal filament of a light bulb, electrical energy is converted to. A. heat energy only B. heat and light energy C. light and kinetic energy D. light energy only 23. Two students are pushing a cart, as shown below. Why does temperature remain constant from when t = 2 min to when t = 5 min? A. because the substance absorbs heat energy as it changes from a liquid to a solid B. because heat energy is released from the substance as it changes from a liquid to a solid C. because heat energy is released from the substance as it changes from a liquid to a gas D. because the substance absorbs heat energy as it changes from a liquid to a gas 18. The diagram shows two bowling balls of equal mass. Ball A is resting near the edge of a shelf. Ball B is resting on the ground below. The cart will move as if it were acted on by a single force with a magnitude of. A. 50 N B. 150 N C. 200 N D. 350 N 24. A ball is traveling through the air in the direction of the arrow as shown in the diagram below. Which of these statements best describes the diagram above? A. Ball A has more kinetic energy than Ball B. B. Ball B has more kinetic energy than Ball A. C. Ball A has more potential energy than Ball B. D. Ball B has more potential energy than Ball A. 19. Which type of friction occurs when an eraser is rubbed across a sheet of paper? A. static B. sliding C. rolling D. fluid 20. If a 6 N force is required to move a box through a distance of 2 m, how much work is done? A. 3 J B. 4 J C. 8 J D. 12 J In which direction does the force of air friction push on the ball? A. B. C. D. 25. A car's velocity changes from 0 m/s to 40 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the average acceleration of the car? A. 5 m/s The chart below represents the change in velocity for four different trains.
9 B. 8 m/s 2 C. 5 m/s 2 D. 200 m/s Which of the following represents a double displacement reaction? A. ABC AB + C B. A + B AB C. AB + CD AD + CB D. A + BC AC + B 27. In the figure below, what type of nuclear activity is represented? If it took 5.38 s to reach the final velocity, which train had the greatest acceleration? A. W B. X C. Y D. Z 32. The diagram below represents a diver's motion from the top of a high diving board into a pool of water. A. fission B. fusion C. alpha emission D. beta emission 28. A 100-gram sample of radium-226 has a half-life of 1,600 years. How long will it take before there are only 12.5 grams of the radioactive radium-226 remaining? A. 1,600 years B. 3,200 years C. 4,800 years D. 6,400 years 29. A student is riding a bike and applies the brakes. Which most helps the bike to stop? A. friction B. gravity C. heat D. momentum 30. Why does the weight of an object change with increasing elevation on Earth? A. The mass of the object decreases with higher elevation. B. The force of gravity acting on the object increases with higher elevation. C. The force of gravity acting on the object decreases with higher elevation. D. The mass of the object increases with higher elevation. At which labeled point does the diver have the greatest potential energy? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D Noah carried a skateboard up a hill and then rode the skateboard down the hill. When Noah reached the bottom of the hill, he rolled to a stop. When did Noah have the most potential energy? A. while carrying the skateboard up the hill B. while standing on the skateboard at the top of the hill C. while riding the skateboard down the hill D. while standing on the skateboard at the bottom of the hill
10 34. A student has a glass of water as shown. She takes an ice cube from the freezer. She puts the ice cube into the water. Which explains the change that happens? A. The ice cube melts because cold flows out of the ice cube to the water. B. The ice cube does not melt because cold flows into the ice cube from the water. C. The ice cube melts because thermal energy transfers to the ice cube from the water. D. The ice cube does not melt because thermal energy transfers from the ice cube to the water. 35. Four different motors are tested for their efficiency. 38. A student moves a box across the floor by exerting 23.3 N of force and doing 47.2 J of work on the box. How far does the student move the box? A m B m C m D. 1,099.8 m 39. What is the weight of an object on Earth with a mass of 230 kg? A N B N C N D N 40. Which type of force requires contact between two objects for one to push or pull the other? A. frictional forces slowing down a rolling soccer ball B. the magnetic force pulling paper clips to a powerful electromagnet C. the magnetic force pushing two magnets apart D. the force of gravity acting on raindrops that fall to Earth 41. Use the graphic below to answer the following question. Which motor is most efficient? A. motor W B. motor X C. motor Y D. motor Z 36. A simple machine is being used to lift the box below. What is the mechanical advantage of the lever in the diagram? A. 3 B C. 30,000 D A total of 450 J of work was done when a force of 60 N was exerted on a box to move it. How far was the box moved? A. 7.5 m B. 2,700 m C. 510 m D. 906 m Marisol is sitting in a bus that is passing by a traffic light. Which statement correctly describes Marisol's motion? A. Marisol is moving relative to both the traffic light and the bus driver. B. Marisol is not moving relative to either the traffic light or the bus driver. C. Marisol is moving relative to the traffic light, but she is not moving relative to the bus driver. D. Marisol is moving relative to the bus driver, but she is not moving relative to the traffic light. 42. If you ride your bicycle down a straight road for 500 m and then turn around and ride back, your distance is your displacement. A. greater than B. equal to C. less than D. can t determine
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