ICP Final Exam Review - Part 2

Transcription

1 ICP Final Exam Review - Part 2 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. A combustion reaction occurs when a substance reacts with carbon. 2. A synthesis reaction occurs when one substance breaks down into two or more substances. 3. In a decomposition reaction, two or more substances combine to form another substance. 4. When one element replaces another in a compound, it is called a double-displacement reaction. 5. In a single-displacement reaction, the positive ion of one compound replaces the positive ion of the other to form two new compounds. 6. The amount of time it takes for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to decay is known as its quarter-life. 7. The mass number is the number of neutrons and electrons that are part of the nucleus. 8. The process of splitting a nucleus into several smaller nuclei is called nuclear fusion. 9. Only small nuclei can undergo the process of nuclear fission. 10. A chain reaction can be controlled by adding materials that absorb electrons. 11. In a nuclear fission reaction, the amount of mass present after the reaction is greater than the amount of mass present before the reaction. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A(n) _ reaction is a change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances. a. chemical c. state b. physical d. electrical 2. The substances that react are called _. a. nuclear reactors c. compounds b. elements d. reactants 3. The new substances produced in a reaction are called _. a. elements c. products b. compounds d. reactants 4. _ established that the total mass of the products is always equal to the total mass of the reactants. a. Lavoisier c. Newton b. Dalton d. Einstein

2 5. Numbers to the left of formulas for reactants are called _. a. superscripts c. elements b. coefficients d. formulas 6. A(n) _ chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides. a. false c. imbalanced b. balanced d. physical 7. When one element replaces another element in a compound, the reaction is a reaction. a. synthesis c. decomposition b. single-displacement d. double-displacement 8. Each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is a. a. catalyst. c. reactant. b. precipitate. d. product. 9. Numbers that precede symbols and formulas in a chemical equation are called. a. subscripts. c. fractions. b. superscripts. d. coefficients. 10. A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form another substance is a reaction. a. synthesis c. reactant b. decomposition d. product 11. The breaking down of a substance into two or more substances is. a. displacement. c. decomposition. b. synthesis. d. endothermic. 12. Each substance on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation is a. a. reactant. c. coefficient. b. product. d. catalyst. 13. An example of a balanced chemical equation is. a. AgNO 3 + NaCl.4AgCl + 2NaNO 3 b. 2AgNO 3 +2NaCl. 3AgCl + 2NaNO 3. c. AgNO 3 + NaCl.AgCl+ NaNO 3. d. AgNO 3 + 2NaCl + AgCl AgCl +3NaNO What type of reaction is shown in the chemical equation NH 3 + HCl. NH 4 Cl? a. synthesis c. single-displacement b. decomposition d. double-displacement 15. According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction compare with the mass of the reactants? a. The mass of the products is greater. b. The mass of the reactants is greater. c. There is no relationship. d. The masses are equal. 16. What type of chemical reaction is shown in the equation 2H 2 O. 2H 2 +O 2? a. synthesis c. single-displacement b. decomposition d. double-displacement 17. Which of the following could represent a single-replacement reaction? a. element + element = compound b. compound = element + element

3 c. element + compound = element + compound d. compound +compound = compound + compound 18. A(n) chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. a. simple c. unbalanced b. balanced d. complex 19. According to the law of conservation of mass, if two atoms of hydrogen are used as a reactant, how many atoms of hydrogen must be part of the product? a. 2 c. 1 b. 0 d The process of nuclear decay is known as. a. radioactivity c. stability b. combustion d. fusion 21. Two protons and two neutrons form a(n) particle. a. alpha c. gamma b. beta d. delta 22. An unstable nucleus may emit an electron, also called a(n) particle. a. alpha c. gamma b. beta d. delta 23. The most penetrating form of nuclear radiation is radiation. a. alpha c. gamma b. beta d. delta 24. The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the. a. gamma ray c. alpha particle b. beta particle d. all of these 25. The most penetrating type of radiation is the. a. gamma ray c. alpha particle b. beta particle d. none of these 26. Radiation present in the environment but not produced by humans is called. a. radiometric radiation c. background radiation b. radioactive tracer radiation d. fusion radiation 27. A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a(n). a. gamma ray c. beta particle b. alpha particle d. electroscope 28. Negatively charged particles emitted from a nucleus at a high speed are. a. alpha particles c. gamma rays b. X-rays d. beta particles 29. Thorium-234 has a half-life of 24 days. If you started with a 100-gram sample of thorium-234, how much would remain after 48 days? a. 100 grams c. 25 grams b. 50 grams d. 10 grams 30. Each element with an atomic number greater than 83 is. a. radioactive c. synthetic b. stable d. material

4 31. The process by which nuclei having low masses are united to form nuclei with a larger mass is. a. nuclear fission c. nuclear fusion b. a chain reaction d. a chemical reaction 32. The three types of nuclear radiation in increasing order of penetrating power are. a. X-ray, gamma, beta c. alpha, beta, gamma b. X-ray, beta, gamma d. alpha, gamma, beta 33. Both a fusion reaction and a fission reaction. a. take place at room temperature c. produce energy b. use hydrogen as a fuel d. cause chain reactions 34. Neutrons released in a fission reaction can strike other nuclei and cause. a. fusion reactions c. radioactive decay b. chain reactions d. an electron avalanche 35. In writing a chemical equation that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of hydrogen gas is a. H. c. H 2. b. 2H. d. OH. 36. To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the a. coefficients. c. formulas of the products. b. subscripts. d. number of products. 37. In the word equation, sodium oxide + water sodium hydroxide, the formula for sodium hydroxide is represented by a. Na 2 OH. c. NaO 2. b. NaOH. d. Na 2 O. 38. How would oxygen be represented in the formula equation for the reaction of methane and oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water? a. oxygen c. O 2 b. O d. O Which of the following is a formula equation for the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen? a. Carbon plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide. c. CO 2 C + O 2 b. C + O 2 CO 2 d. 2C + O CO In the chemical equation 2Mg + O 2 2MgO, a. Mg represents the product magnesium. c. Mg represents the reagent magnesium. b. the reaction yields magnesium. d. O 2 represents the product oxygen gas. 41. When the equation Fe 3 O 4 + Al Al 2 O 3 + Fe is correctly balanced, what is the coefficient of Fe? a. 3 c. 6 b. 4 d Which coefficients correctly balance the formula equation NH 4 NO 2 (s) N 2 (g) + H 2 O(l)? a. 1, 2, 2 c. 2, 1, 1 b. 1, 1, 2 d. 2, 2, Which coefficients correctly balance the formula equation CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2? a. 2, 1, 2 c. 1, 2, 1 b. 1, 2, 3 d. 1, 1, The complete balanced equation for the reaction between zinc hydroxide and acetic acid is

5 a. ZnOH + HCH 3 COO ZnCH 3 COO + H 2 O. b. Zn(OH) 2 + HCH 3 COO Zn + 2CO 2 +3H 2 O. c. Zn(OH) 2 + 2HCH 3 COO Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 + 2H 2 O. d. Zn(OH) 2 + 2HCH 3 COO Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 + H 2 + O Which equation is not balanced? a. 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O b. 4H 2 + 2O 2 4H 2 O c. H 2 + H 2 + O 2 H 2 O + H 2 O d. 2H 2 + O 2 H 2 O 46. In what kind of reaction do two or more substances combine to form a new compound? a. decomposition reaction c. double-displacement reaction b. ionic reaction d. synthesis reaction 47. The equation AX A + X is the general equation for a a. synthesis reaction. c. combustion reaction. b. decomposition reaction. d. single-displacement reaction. 48. In what kind of reaction does one element replace a similar element in a compound? a. displacement reaction c. decomposition reaction b. combustion d. ionic reaction 49. The equation AX + BY AY + BX is the general equation for a a. synthesis reaction. c. single-displacement reaction. b. decomposition reaction. d. double-displacement reaction. 50. The equation A + X AX is the general equation for a(n) a. combustion reaction. c. synthesis reaction. b. ionic reaction. d. double-displacement reaction. 51. In what kind of reaction does a single compound produce two or more simpler substances? a. decomposition reaction c. single-displacement reaction b. synthesis reaction d. ionic reaction 52. The equation A + BX AX + B is the general equation for a a. double-displacement reaction. c. single-displacement reaction. b. decomposition reaction. d. combustion reaction. 53. In what kind of reaction do the ions of two compounds exchange places in aqueous solution to form two new compounds? a. synthesis reaction c. decomposition reaction b. double-displacement reaction d. combustion reaction 54. The reaction represented by the equation 2Mg + O 2 2MgO is a a. synthesis reaction. c. single-displacement reaction. b. decomposition reaction. d. double-displacement reaction. 55. The reaction represented by the equation Mg + 2HCl H 2 + MgCl 2 is a a. composition reaction. c. single-displacement reaction. b. decomposition reaction. d. double-displacement reaction. 56. The reaction represented by the equation 2HgO 2Hg + O 2 is a(n) a. single-displacement reaction. c. combustion reaction. b. synthesis reaction. d. decomposition reaction. 57. The reaction represented by the equation Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2KI PbI 2 + 2KNO 3 is a

6 a. double-displacement reaction. c. decomposition reaction. b. synthesis reaction. d. combustion reaction. 58. The reaction represented by the equation 2KClO 3 2KCl + 3O 2 is a(n) a. synthesis reaction. c. combustion reaction. b. decomposition reaction. d. ionic reaction. 59. The reaction represented by the equation Cl 2 + 2KBr 2KCl + Br 2 is a(n) a. synthesis reaction. c. single-displacement reaction. b. decomposition reaction. d. combustion reaction. 60. In a double-displacement reaction, hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide react to produce sodium chloride. Another product is a. sodium hydride. c. water. b. potassium chloride. d. hydrogen gas. 61. What is the balanced equation when aluminum reacts with copper(ii) sulfate? a. Al + Cu 2 S Al 2 S + Cu b. 2Al + 3CuSO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 3Cu c. Al + CuSO 4 AlSO 4 + Cu d. 2Al + Cu 2 SO 4 Al 2 SO 4 + 2Cu 62. Magnesium bromide + chlorine yields a. Mg and BrCl. c. MgBrCl. b. MgCl and Br 2. d. MgCl 2 and Br 2. Completion Complete each statement. 1. A(n) reaction is a change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances. 2. The substances that react are called. 3. The new substances produced in a reaction are called. 4. established that the total mass of the products is always equal to the total mass of the reactants. 5. Numbers to the left of formulas for reactants are called. 6. A(n) chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides. 7. A combustion reaction occurs when a substance reacts with to produce energy. 8. A(n) reaction occurs when one substance breaks down into two or more substances. 9. In a(n) reaction, two or more substances combine to form another substance. 10. When one element replaces another in a compound, it is called a(n) reaction.

7 11. In a(n) reaction, the positive ion of one compound replaces the positive ion of the other to form two new compounds. 12. The process of nuclear decay is known as. 13. Two protons and two neutrons form a(n) particle. 14. An unstable nucleus may emit an electron, also called a(n) particle. 15. The most penetrating form of nuclear radiation is radiation. 16. The amount of time it takes for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to decay is known as its. 17. Nuclear is responsible for the energy produced by the Sun. 18. The process of splitting a nucleus into several smaller nuclei is called nuclear. 19. A series of repeated reactions caused by the release of neutrons in each reaction is called a chain reaction. 20. The total amount of charge in a nucleus is determined by the number of. 21. Atoms usually contain the same number of as electrons. 22. Atomic number is the same as the number of in a nucleus. 23. Electrons are charged 24. Protons are charged. 25. In the chemical reaction represented by the equation 2Cr + 3O 2 2CrO 3, two chromium atoms combine with oxygen atoms. 26. When the formula equation CuSO 4 + Fe Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + Cu is correctly balanced, the coefficient of CuSO 4 is. Matching Match each item on the question with the correct term. a. combustion reaction b. decomposition reaction c. synthesis reaction d. single-displacement reaction e. double-displacement reaction 1. a firecracker exploding, for example 2. rust forming on an iron gate, for example 3. an electric current passing through water and reducing it to hydrogen and oxygen, for example 4. A+ BC AC + B

8 5. AB + CD AD + CB Match each model of a chemical reaction with the reaction types given. a. c. b. d. 6. decomposition 7. single displacement 8. synthesis 9. double displacement Short Answer 1. What is the term that correctly describes the part of the equation identified by the letter a? 2. What is the term that correctly describes the part of the equation identified by the letter b? 3. What is the term that correctly describes the part of the equation identified by the letter d? 4. What is the term that correctly describes the part of the equation identified by the letter f?

9 5. What type of nuclear reaction is shown? 6. How does the charge of an alpha particle differ from the charge of a beta particle? 7. What is the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission? Problem 1. When heated, mercury(ii) oxide produces oxygen plus mercury. What would be the combined mass of oxygen and mercury if 20 g of mercury(ii) oxide were heated? HgO Hg + O 2 2. How much oxygen would be produced by heating 20 g of mercury(ii) oxide if 18.6 g of mercury is produced? HgO Hg + O 2 3. Balance the following equation. NaOH + FeCl 3 NaCl + Fe(OH) 3 Element Z has half-life of 20 min. Use an events chain map tracing the nuclear decay of a 200-g sample of element Z to answer the following problems. 4. How many grams of the sample would remain after one half-life? 5. How many grams of element Z would remain after five half-lifes?

10 6. How much time will it take for element Z to go through 5 half-lives? 7. Would any of element Z remain after 160 min? If so, how much? 8. Complete the table, comparing and contrasting the three types of radiation. 9. Write a balanced chemical equation for the following reaction: iron plus copper(i) nitrate yields iron(ii) nitrate plus copper.

11 10. Write a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of liquid phosphorus trichloride, PCl 3, from white phosphorus, P 4, and chlorine gas. 11. Tell what type of chemical reaction is represented by the following formula equation. Then balance the equation. C 3 H 8 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O 12. Tell what type of chemical reaction is represented by the following formula equation. Then balance the equation. Ga + S 8 Ga 2 S Tell what type of chemical reaction is represented by the following formula equation. Then balance the equation. KBr + Mg(OH) 2 KOH + MgBr 2