Mixtures and substances Investigating mixtures and substances
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1 Year 7 Science Camp Booklet Activity Mixtures and substances Investigating mixtures and substances Science start up Unit 1: Lesson 4 Today you will: identify different mixtures including solutions. There is some sediment (solid) in the bottom. Above is an image that shows two different mixtures. The mixture on the right is known as a solution. 1. Make an observation from the image about the similarities and differences between these two mixtures. Training and Employment Page 1
2 Learn Today you will: understand that water is found naturally as a mixture identify the characteristics of pure substances and mixtures. Exploring mixtures and substances Water is found naturally as a mixture with many dissolved substances including minerals and gases. Water can be purified by removing the dissolved substances. Mixtures are made up of particles of more than one type of substance, combined but not bonded together. A pure substance is made up of only the one type of matter. A solution is a mixture of a solute and a solvent. Therefore, it is made up of at least two substances where one substance dissolves within the other, making it transparent. Mixtures Solutions Page 2 Training and Employment
3 2. Complete Experiment A Making a mixture: (Clean the teaspoon between measurements and experime nts.) a) Place a teaspoon of salt in a neat pile on a piece of paper. b) Place a teaspoon of sugar (preferably raw or brown sugar) in a neat pile beside the salt. c) Now mix the pile of salt with the pile of sugar. Did the two substances become one or just sit beside each other? Look for the different pieces of salt and sugar! This combined pile is a mixture as it is now made up of two different types of matter. Both the salt and the sugar are pure substances, but when combined make a mixture of pure substances. Mixtures can be separated and you will do this in the upcoming lessons. d) Explain what you observed when you mixed the two substances above (salt and sugar). 3. Complete Experiment B Making a mixture: a) Place a teaspoon of salt in a cup. b) Pour a tablespoon of oil into the same cup. c) Now mix the salt with the oil. 4. Complete Experiment C Making a mixture: a) Place a teaspoon of salt in a cup. b) Pour a tablespoon of water into the same cup. c) Now mix the salt with the water. Training and Employment Page 3
4 How do these experiments differ from your first mixture? Are they still mixtures? 5. Describe what you observed when you made each mixture. Solutions and solubility A solute is the name given to the substance being dissolved in a solution, a solvent however is the name given to the substance doing the dissolving. Dissolving is the process where the solute mixes with the solvent so the particles are no longer visible. More substances dissolve in water than in any other liquid. This is why water is considered a universal solvent. The solubility of a substance is the degree to which the substance will dissolve. A substance can be considered: In Experiment C, salt was the solute dissolved in the solvent water to make a solution of salt water. soluble where a large amount of solute will dissolve ( 1g/mL) slightly soluble where a small amount of solute will dissolve insoluble where an extremely small amount of solute will dissolve (< 0.1g/mL). It is important to note that solutes dissolve differently in some solvents Page 4 Training and Employment
5 6. Complete the learning object Making Water Drinkable: Mixtures. Select the heading Solubility and complete to the first two screens (stop at the To do section). a) Describe the solubility of sugar, iron oxide and wax in water. State of Victoria (Department of Education & Training), 2000 b) List factors that alter the solubility of a substance in water. 7. Complete Sheet 6 Solubility vs. temperature. Does temperature affect the level of solubility? a) Complete the table from your solubility experiment. Water temperature ( C) Cold from the fridge Amount of salt (teaspoons) Room temperature Warm from the kettle b) In your Science Journal, draw a column graph of your results with temperature on the horizontal axis (x-axis) and amount of salt on the vertical axis (y-axis). Training and Employment Page 5
6 c) Looking at your results and the graph, draw a conclusion about the effect of temperature on solubility. Reflection 8. Complete the table below by: a) writing your own definitions of each term b) listing three examples of a pure substance, a mixture and a solution in your household. Definition Pure substance Mixture Solution Examples E.g. Water or ice E.g. Water & sand E.g. Water & salt HOT TIP: If you re having any difficulties forming a definition, then use your dictionary. Next lesson you will investigate simple separation techniques and consider how Indigenous Australian peoples used separation techniques. Page 6 Training and Employment
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