Pure Substances and Mixtures Picture Vocabulary. 8P1A Pure Substances and Mixtures

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1 Pure Substances and Mixtures Picture Vocabulary 8P1A Pure Substances and Mixtures

2 T.I.P Chart for pure substances & mixtures terms Make a TIP chart to use for terms about pure substances & mixtures. Write the TERM from the slide Write the INFORMATION from the slide Once we have gone through the terms & information, DRAW A PICTURE that helps you understand & remember the term TERM INFORMATION PICTURE Pure Substance A single substance, either an element or compound, with definite composition and properties

3 Pure Substance A single substance, either an element or compound, with definite composition and properties

4 Mixture Made of a blend of elements and compounds; are not pure substances because they do not have consistent properties

5 Atom The smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of that element and contains a nucleus within an electron cloud

6 Molecule A model of a single water molecule A single molecule showing the element carbon A model of a single glucose molecule The simplest unit of a chemical compound that can exist; formed when two or more atoms join together chemically

7 Compound Water Compound 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom H 2 O Pure substance made of two or more kinds of atoms bound together

8 Element A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

9 PURE SUBSTANCES & MIXTURES

10 Key Concept All matter on Earth can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture.

11 PURE SUBSTANCE A pure substance consists of a single substance with its own definite composition and properties. Elements such as gold and oxygen gas are examples of pure substances. Compounds such as pure water, salt (sodium chloride), and carbon dioxide are also pure substances, as they have their own distinct physical and chemical properties.

12 Matter Pure Substances Element (same atoms) Compound (set number of different atoms)

13 ELEMENTS

14 COMPOUNDS

15 PURE SUBSTANCE Pure substances have a definite molecular formula that shows the constant chemical composition of the compound such as salt (NaCl), or the element, such as oxygen gas (O 2 ). The properties of a pure substance are constant throughout the whole sample. Its properties do not depend on how it is prepared or purified.

16 Matter Mixtures

17 MIXTURE A mixture consists of a combination of two or more pure substances not chemically bonded. Mixtures have variable composition and properties. The primary characteristic of a simple mixture is that the substances mixed together do not react chemically and can be separated by various processes. There is no new substance formed.

19 MIXTURE Mixtures can occur as combinations of solids, liquids, or gases. Sand and gravel is an example of a mixture of solids. Muddy water is an example of a solid and liquid mixture. An example of a solid and gas mixture is smoke a combination of warm air, dust, tiny particles of wood, and ash. Water and oil is an example of a two-liquid mixture.

20 MIXTURE

21 MIXTURE

22 MIXTURE Fog is an example of a liquid and gas mixture, consisting of small water particles and air. A carbonated drink like Coca Cola is a mixture of gas and liquid. Left open, the gas will escape leaving a drink that tastes flat with no fizz. In each case, there are two or more substances that have been mixed together.

23 MIXTURE

24 MIXTURE Mixtures can be separated back to their individual substances through a variety of procedures. Sometimes the properties of the substances mixed together can be used to separate them. In an oil and water mixture, the oil will eventually separate and rise to the top because oil is lighter and less dense than water.

25 MIXTURE

26 MIXTURE In a sugar/water mixture, however, since the sugar dissolves in the water, it will not settle out or be strained. By heating a sugar/water mixture, evaporation of the water will leave the sugar back in its crystalline state. Some mixtures, such as sand and gravel, can be separated by sifting through a strainer. Some mixtures can be separated by using magnets, if one of the substances is a form of iron.

27 MIXTURE

28 MIXTURE Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

30 Matter Mixtures Heterogeneous (not uniformly mixed) Homogeneous (uniformly mixed)

31 Homogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous mixtures have components that are uniformly mixed and are in only one phase. Homogeneous mixtures of liquids are called solutions. Solutions can be solid, liquid, or gas. Examples of solutions include brass (solid), soda (liquid), and air (gas). Examples include flour or completely dissolved salt water. Homogenized milk is a mixture of cream and butterfat particles in skim milk. The cream, butterfat, and skim milk are all evenly distributed in the liquid.

32 Homogeneous Mixture (evenly mixed)

33 Homogeneous Mixtures The air that we breathe is also a mixture consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and other inert gases. Colloids are a special type of homogeneous mixture in which the particles are indefinitely suspended in the medium. This medium may be a gas, liquid, or a solid. Examples include clouds, blood, pearls, or paint.

34 Homogeneous Mixture (evenly mixed)

35 Heterogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures have components that are not uniformly mixed or are in more than one phase. Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include beach sand, ice cubes in liquid water, or chicken soup. Suspensions are a special type of heterogeneous mixture. In suspensions, a portion of the particles suspended in that mixture will settle out upon standing. Examples include salad dressing, sand in water, or dust particles in air.

37 Heterogeneous Mixtures SUSPENSIONS (particles settle out)

39 Element, Compound, Homogeneous Mixture, or Heterogeneous Mixture??

40 Element, Compound, Homogeneous Mixture, or Heterogeneous Mixture??

41 Element, Compound, Homogeneous Mixture, or Heterogeneous Mixture??

42 Element, Compound, Homogeneous Mixture, or Heterogeneous Mixture??

43 Element, Compound, Homogeneous Mixture, or Heterogeneous Mixture??

44 Element, Compound, Homogeneous Mixture, or Heterogeneous Mixture??

46 Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Element (same atoms) Compound (set number of different atoms) Heterogeneous (not uniformly mixed) Homogeneous (uniformly mixed)

PURE SUBSTANCES VS. MIXTURES PENTONEY 2017

PURE SUBSTANCES VS. MIXTURES PENTONEY 2017 WHAT IS A PURE SUBSTANCE? Classification of matter that includes elements, molecules and compounds Cannot be separated by physical means such as distillation,