Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
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1 Classification of Matter Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Mr. Gilliland Honors Physical SHS
2 The Classification of Matter Matter million + infinite number Elements Compounds Mixtures Made of atoms that are alike. Made of atoms of different elements chemically bonded together. Made of matter that is physically mixed but can be easily separated.
3 Elements
4 Compounds
5 Mixtures
6 ELEMENTS
7 Elements Elements are the simplest form of matter. Everything in the Universe is made of elements. Hydrogen makes up 99% of the Universe. Elements are made of atoms which are similar. Atoms of different elements are different. There are currently 109 elements. Scientist believe the final number will be 118 elements.
8 Metals, Non-metals & Metalloids The arrangement of metals, non-metals and metalloids on the Periodic Table.
9 Diatomic Elements The smallest part of an element is an atom. Some elements have atoms that are always arranged in pairs. We call these diatomic elements (di = two, atomic = atom). Elements that are diatomic: H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I* and At* (*as gases) H 2 N 2 O 2 F 2 Cl 2 Br 2
10 COMPOUNDS
11 Compounds A chemist defines a compound as a combination of two or more substances chemically combined with new chemical and physical properties. Compounds have a fixed composition. The amount of each element in a compound is always the same ratio. In water, the ratio of H:O is always 2:1.
12 From elements to mixture to compound. reactants products Fe + S FeS In the lab you mixed the elements iron and sulfur to make a heterogeneous mixture. You then heated the mixture to produce the compound iron sulfide.
13 From Elements to Compound 2Al + 3Br 2AlBr reactants 2 3 products Aluminum is a silver metal. Bromine is a reddish brown liquid. They combine chemically they produce aluminum bromide, a compound that has different chemical and physical properties.
14 MIXTURES
15 Mixtures A chemist defines a mixture as a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical and physical properties. In general, mixtures have no fixed composition. The amount of one or more components (substances) can usually vary over a wide range
16 2 Classifications of Mixtures Homogeneous - mixtures in which the particles are evenly mixed. Solutions and Colloids are homogeneous mixtures. Examples: air, milk, salt water, colas, iced tea, fog, smoke... Heterogeneous - mixtures in which the particles are not evenly mixed. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures. Examples: salad dressing, blood, dirt, orange juice, ketchup, mustard...
17 Homogenous Mixtures: Solutions Solutions are mixtures in which the solute particles are smaller than one nanometer in size (1 nanometer = 1 x 10-9 meter). These particles are so small they: 1. Don t separate upon standing. 2. Cannot be take out with a filter. 3. They do not scatter light. Examples of solutions are salt water, soda pop, tea, alloys* and clean air. *Alloys are mixtures of metals: steel (Fe & C), 14K gold (Au & Cu), Bronze (Cu & Sn)
18 Parts of a Solution Solvent > Solute SOLVENT is the matter that is doing the dissolving SOLUTE is the matter that is being dissolved. Name of Solution Solvent Solute Ocean Water Water Salt, O2, CO2 Filtered Air N2 (78%) O2 (21%), H2O, CO2 Colas Water Sugar, CO2, flavoring 14 K Gold Gold (58%) Copper (42%)
19 Homogenous Mixtures: Colloids Colloids are mixtures in which the particles are between than one and one thousand nanometers in size. Collids: 1. Don t separate upon standing. 2. Cannot be separated with a filter. 3. Do scatter light. (Tyndall Effect) Examples of colloids are fog, foam, smoke, jello, butter, whipped cream, egg white...
20 Tyndall Effect The Tyndall Effect is a procedure of determing whether a mixture is a solution or a colloid. A beam of light is not visible in a solution, while in a colloid it is visible.
21 Heterogeneous Mixture: Suspensions Suspensions have particles that are larger than 1,000 nanometers - they can often be seen with the naked eye. Suspensions: 1. Can be separated with a centifuge. 2. Can be separated with a filter. 3. Do scatter light or stop beam. Examples of supsensions are paint, salad dressing, orange juice, ketchup... any mixture that states Shake Before Using.
22 Suspension: Separating Blood Blood is separated by spinning it in a centrifuge. The heavy red blood cells migrate to the bottom, while the lighter plasma rises to the top.
23 The Classification of Matter Matter million + infinite number Elements Compounds Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous Solutions Colloids Suspensions
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