Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Basic Sciences Series Vol. ( ) No. ( ) ETA-AAS

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1 Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Basic Sciences Series Vol. ( ) No. ( ) ETA-AAS pg/ pg/ HNO HNO ١٠٧

2 ETA-AAS Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Basic Sciences Series Vol. ( ) No. ( ) Usage of Two atrix odifiers (HNO, H SO ) in Direct Determination of Traces of Lead Elements in Seawater by ETA-AAS. Dr. Issam ohamad * Dr. ohammad Al Shahneh ** Nour Al deen Youssef *** (Received / /. Accepted / / ) ABSTRACT This study deals with the effect of a series of concentrations of nitric acid and sulfuric acid on atomic orption signal of trace Pb-element in seawater in order to determine the optimal concentration of the two studied acids used as matrix modifiers. The thermal study is done in order to determine the optimal temperature of ashing and atomizing stages for the direct determination of trace Pb-element in sweater depending on standard additions method for GF and GF-PFT technique with deuterium corrector. The results show a sensitivity of pg/ in the presence of HNO as matrix modifier for GF-technique, and pg/ in the presence of HNO as matrix modifier for GF-PFT technique. This method allows determining the trace of Pbelement directly in seawater. On the contrary, using a sulfuric acid as a matrix modifier is not successful. Keywords: ETA-AAS, Seawater, Cadmium element, atrix modifiers (HNO, H SO, ), Deuterium Corrector. * Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. ** Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. *** Postgraduate Student, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. ١٠٨

3 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series µg/ x atrix interferences Bowen µg/ µg/l µg/l x (ETA-AAS) pg Spectra Interferences emory Interferences ng. ١٠٩

4 ETA-AAS AA SHIADZU EYELA CA GFA-EX ASC SR( Self-Reversal ) (Hallow Cathode Lamp). nm nm HNO HNO HNO,,, NaCl,, NaCl Flow Rate (l/min) Heat ode Time(sec) PFT Coated Temp() PFT Coated ١١٠

5 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series RAP RAP RAP STEP STEP STEP مولاریة حمض الازوت الامتصاصیة Pb الامتصاصیة ١١١

ETA-AAS Pb 900 800 700 600 تغیرات درجة حرارة الترمید 500

6 ETA-AAS Pb تغیرات درجة حرارة الترمید الامتصاصیة Pb HNO ١١٢

7 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series الامتصاصیة () تغیرات درجة حرارة التذریر الامتصاصیة Pb HNO ١١٣

8 ETA-AAS الامتصاصیة الامتصاصیة ١١٤

9 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series HNO Pb NaCl Pb,,,,, HNO NaCl الامتصاصیة مولاریة حمض الازوت Pb الامتصاصیة ١١٥

10 ETA-AAS الامتصاص یة 0.1 () تغیرات درجة ح رارة الترمی د بثب ات درج ة ح رارة الت ذریر عل ى ١٩٠٠ Pb HNO ١١٦

11 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series الامتصاصیة () تغیرات درجة ح رارة الت ذریر بنثبی ت درج ة ح رارة الترمی د عل ى ٧٠٠ الامتصاص یة Pb HNO الامتصاصیة ١١٧

12 ETA-AAS APDC ETA-AAS CHCl ١١٨

13 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series APDC CHCl,,,,, () (Seawater) μl Flow Rate (l/min) Heat ode Time(sec) PFT Coated Temp() PFT Coated RAP RAP RAP ١١٩

14 ETA-AAS STEP STEP STEP RSD% SD SD RSD% RSD% () SD ١٢٠

15 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series A R 2 = () الامتصاصیة ١٢١

16 ETA-AAS,,,,, (Seawater) () μl RSD% SD RSD% SD SD RSD% () ** * ** * ** * ** * ١٢٢

17 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series * ** A R 2 = () ١٢٣

18 ETA-AAS الامتصاصیة الامتصاصیة, ١٢٤

19 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series (APDC-CHCl ) (APDC-CHCl ) (APDC-CHCl ) (APDC-CHCl ) Platform, HNO Coated, HNO () Pb ** ***(pg/ ) (APDC- () (Characteristic ass) CHCl ) *** NaCl H SO Pb,,,,,, H SO NaCl Flow Rate (l/min) Heat ode Time(sec) Coated Temp() Coated RAP RAP ١٢٥

20 ETA-AAS RAP STEP STEP STEP الامتصاص یة مولاری ة حم ض الكبریت Pb الامتصاصیة NaCl ١٢٦

21 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series ( pg/ ( pg/ ) pg/ L. Husakova G. C. Y. Chan pg/ Grotti pg/ pg/ pg/ pg/ Solid-phase extraction ١٢٧

22 ETA-AAS BOWEN, H. G.. Trace elements in Biochemistry, Academic Press, New York,. HARAGUCHI, H; FUWA, K. arine analysis by atomic orption spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, J. E. Cantle, Elsevier Scientific Company- Amsterdam, Netherlands,,,. HOENIG, ; PUSKARIC, E; CHOISY, P; Wartel,. Direct determination of highand mid-volatile elements (Cd, Pb, n) in seawater by electrothirmal AAS, Analusis,,,. VOTH, L.. Dealing with atrix Interferences in the determination of the priority pollutant metals by Furnace AA, AA Instruments at Work,, September, AA. GREED, J. T; ARTIN, T. D. Determination of trace elements in marine waters by Off-Line chelation preconcenration with GF-AAS, Revision,, ethod. QUIGLEY, N. ; VERNON, F. A matrix modification experiment for use in electrothermal atomic orption spectrometry, Journal of Chemical Education,,,,. AORI FILHOL, V. R; POLITO, W. L; OLIVEIRAl, S. R; FRESCHI, G. P; GOES NETO, J. A. Simultaneous determination of Cd and Pb in antibiotics used in sugar-cane fermentation process by GFAAS, Ecl. Quim., Sao Paulo,, ( ),. JENS, K; BIRTE, C; GERD-PETER, Z. Sequential determination of Cd, Cu, Pb, Co and Ni in marine invertebrates by Zeeman graphite furnace atomic orption spectroscopy, Varian AA At Work,, ACAR, O; OZVATAN, S; URAT, I. I. Determination of Cadmium, Copper, Iron, anganese, Lead and Zinc in Lichens and Botanic Samples by Electrothermal and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Turk J Chem,,, -. DAN, ; JOHN, D. Use of Signal Graphics to investigate the effects of a modifier on the determination of lead and silver in wastewater by Zeeman effect GFAAS, Varian instruments at work,, AA. CHAN, G. C. Y; CHAN, W. T. Determination of lead in a chloride matrix by atomic ١٢٨

23 Tishreen University Journal. Bas Sciences Series orption spectrometry using electrothermal vaporization and capacitively coupled plasma atomization, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,,, TRUUS, K; VIITAK, A; VAHER, ; UINASAA, U; PAASRAND, K; TUVIKENE,R; LEVANDI,T. Comparative determination of microelements in Baltic seawater and brown algae samples by atomic orption spectrometric and inductively coupled plasma methods, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem,,,,. JOHNSON, D. Evaluation of three methods of matrix modifier injection in graphite furnace AAS, AA INSTRUENTS AT WORK,, November, AA.. ; ;. ; ; NaCl HUSAKOVA, L; SRAKOVA, J; CERNOHRSKY, T; BARINOVA,. Ammonium fluoride as a novel chemical modifier for the elimination of magnesium chloride interference on the determination of lead by graphite furnace atomic orption spectrometry, j.talanta,,,. CIADEVILLA, E, A; WROBEL, K; ALFREDO, S. Capabilities and limitations of different techniques in electrothermal atomic orption spectrometry for direct monitoring of arsenic, cadmium and lead contamination of sea-water, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,,,,. TRAN, T. N. Direct determination of As, Cu and Pb in Seawater by zeeman graphite furnace atomic orption spectrometry, Varian instruments at work,, AA. GROTTI, ; ABELOSCHI,.L; SOGGIA, F; FRACHE, R. Determination of trace metals in sea-water by electrothermal atomic orption spectrometry following solid-phase extraction: quantification and reduction of residual matrix effects, J.Anal. At Spectrom,,,. ١٢٩

Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Basic Sciences Series Vol. ( ) No. ( ) * pg/ abs M H SO *

Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Basic Sciences Series Vol. ( ) No. ( ) ** * *** pg/ pg/ pg/ HNO H SO H SO * ** *** ٢١٩ Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific