Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)"

Transcription

1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Alex Miller ABC s of Electrochemistry 3/8/2012

2 Contents What is Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy? Basic Anatomy of an AAS system Theory of Operation Practical Operation Interferences Further Information 2

3 What is Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy? Ohio University - Avionics Engineering Center 3

4 A Brief History 1666 Newton s discovery of solar spectrum 1802 Wallaston Repeats Newton s experiments observes spectral lines in solar spectrum 1823 Fraunhofer determines wavelengths of these spectral lines 1855 Bunsen perfects the Bunsen Burner 1859 Kirchhoff shows emission spectra to be due to elements NOT compounds 1953 Walsh first to use hollow cathode light source and begins to commercialize the instrumentation using acetylene burner 4

5 What is AAS? Atomic Spectroscopy Mass Spectroscopy Optical Spectroscopy Atomic Emission (AES) Atomic Fluorescence (AFS) Atomic Absorption (AAS) 5

6 What is AAS? Atomic Spectroscopy Mass Spectroscopy Optical Spectroscopy Atomic Emission (AES) Atomic Fluorescence (AFS) Taken from: Ebdon, L. L. (1998). Introduction to Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. John Wiley. 6

7 What is AAS? Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Analytical procedure used in the qualitative and quantitative determination of elements Operates by: Usually metallic elements in solution Some techniques allow solid samples (unfortunately not at CEER) 1. Converting molecules or ions into free atoms 2. Measuring the absorption of radiant energy of particular frequencies by free atoms 7

8 What is AAS? If light is passed through a gas of an element spectral lines can be observed Each element has a unique set of frequencies that can be absorbed PerkinElmer Inc. (1996). Analytical Methods For Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 8

9 Basic Anatomy of an AAS System Ohio University - Avionics Engineering Center 9

10 Basic Anatomy of an AAS System 10

11 Light Source The Hollow Cathode Lamp Ebdon, L. L. (1998). Introduction to Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. John Wiley. 11

12 Light Source The Hollow Cathode Lamp Operates by exciting metal cathode which emits radiation at the desired wavelength Have finite lifetime PerkinElmer Inc. (1996). Analytical Methods For Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 12

13 Optics Monochromator separates sample beam into distinct wavelengths and sends desired wavelength to detector Detector changes light energy into electronic signal to be interpreted by data system 13

14 Optics If operating a Single beam AAS always allow ample warm-up time for radiation sources because the intensity drifts with time. PerkinElmer Inc. (1996). Analytical Methods For Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 14

15 Optics If operating a Double beam AAS, drift is minimized by the use of a reference beam, and little to no warm-up time is required. PerkinElmer Inc. (1996). Analytical Methods For Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 15

16 Nebulizer and Burner Nebulizer - Key component for operator to control Determines the flow rate of the sample being introduced to the system as well as air mixture Flame Burner must be positioned correctely Uses acetylene for fuel Can use air (T=2300 C) or nitrous oxide (T=2900 C) as oxidant 16

17 Nebulizer and Burner PerkinElmer Inc. (1996). Analytical Methods For Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 17

18 Theory of Operation Ohio University - Avionics Engineering Center 18

19 The Beer-Lambert Law A I0 I1 a b c A log I I Absorbance Intensity of light before absorption Intensity of light after absorption Absorption coefficient Path length of the light through the sample Concentration of solution 0 1 abc NOTE: According the Beer-Lambert law absorbance is linear with concentration, But 19

20 The Beer-Lambert Law End of linear range 20

21 Practical Operation Ohio University - Avionics Engineering Center 21

22 Example of Standards Card 22

23 Example of Standards Card 23

24 Important information on Standards Card Characteristic concentration = Sensitivity Linear absorbance concentration range(s) Wavelengths associated with element Flame information (recommended conditions) Typical interferences 24

25 Interferences Ohio University - Avionics Engineering Center 25

26 Types of Interference 1. Chemical Heat of flame does not fully atomize the element of interest 2. Ionization Heat of flame strips electron from element of interest 3. Matrix Physical characteristics (viscosity, surface tension, etc.) of calibration standards differs from analyte 4. Emission Only in certain emissive elements (ex: Ba) 5. Spectral Overlapping wavelengths of competing elements 6. Background Absorption Light scattering inefficiencies 26

27 Types of Interference 1. Chemical Heat of flame does not fully atomize the element of interest Turn up heat Using higher or lower flame Using Nitrous oxide Acetylene flame Use releasing agent such as Lanthanum Oxide 2. Ionization Heat of flame strips electron from element of interest 3. Matrix Physical characteristics (viscosity, surface tension, etc.) of calibration standards differs from analyte 4. Emission Only in certain emissive elements (ex: Ba) 5. Spectral Overlapping wavelengths of competing elements 6. Background Absorption Light scattering inefficiencies 27

28 Types of Interference 1. Chemical Heat of flame does not fully atomize the element of interest 2. Ionization Heat of flame strips electron from element of interest 3. Matrix Physical characteristics Turn Down (viscosity, heat surface tension, etc.) of calibration standards differs from analyte Using cooler flame Using doping with alkali metals Potassium more easily ionized 4. Emission Only in certain emissive elements (ex: Ba) 5. Spectral Overlapping wavelengths of competing elements 6. Background Absorption Light scattering inefficiencies 28

29 Types of Interference 1. Chemical Heat of flame does not fully atomize the element of interest 2. Ionization Heat of flame strips electron from element of interest Method of Standard Additions Matching standards with samples 3. Matrix Physical characteristics (viscosity, surface tension, etc.) of calibration as closely standards as possible differs from analyte 4. Emission Only in certain emissive elements (ex: Ba) 5. Spectral Overlapping wavelengths of competing elements 6. Background Absorption Light scattering inefficiencies 29

30 Types of Interference 1. Chemical Heat of flame does not fully atomize the element of interest Diluting sample 2. Ionization Heat of flame strips electron from element of interest Turn Down heat Using cooler flame 3. Matrix Physical characteristics (viscosity, surface tension, etc.) of calibration standards differs from analyte 4. Emission Only in certain emissive elements (ex: Ba) 5. Spectral Overlapping wavelengths of competing elements 6. Background Absorption Light scattering inefficiencies 30

31 Types of Interference 1. Chemical Heat of flame does not fully atomize the element of interest 2. Ionization Heat of flame strips electron from element of interest 3. Matrix Physical characteristics (viscosity, surface tension, etc.) of calibration standards differs from analyte 4. Emission Only in certain emissive elements (ex: Ba) Use alternative wavelength 5. Spectral Overlapping wavelengths of competing elements 6. Background Absorption Light scattering inefficiencies 31

32 Types of Interference 1. Chemical Heat of flame does not fully atomize the element of interest 2. Ionization Heat of flame strips electron from element of interest 3. Matrix Physical characteristics (viscosity, surface tension, etc.) of calibration standards differs from analyte 4. Emission Only in certain emissive elements (ex: Ba) Background can usually be 5. Spectral Overlapping wavelengths of competing elements distinguished and subtracted 6. Background Absorption Light scattering inefficiencies 32

33 Method of Standard Additions Standards are mixed with several identical sample dilutions Only works in the linear range Does not work with certain interferences such as background absorption and spectral interferences 33

34 Conclusion AAS is a powerful analytical technique for the quantification of metals in solution Operates on the principles of Emission and Absorption Can be used to accurately determine concentrations of metallic ions in solution Plating solutions Waste water Dissolved metals Blood and urine Food, wine, and beer 34

35 Further Information In depth overviews of Atomic Spectroscopy Concise overview and Standard information 1. Robinson, James W. Atomic Spectroscopy. New York: Marcel Dekker, Print. 2. Ebdon, L. L. (1998). Introduction to Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. John Wiley. 3. Sneddon, Joseph. Sample Introduction in Atomic Spectroscopy. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, Print. 4. PerkinElmer Inc. (1996). Analytical Methods For Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 35

36 For more information contact:

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS) is an analytical technique that measures the concentrations of elements. It makes use of the absorption of light

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS) is an analytical technique that measures the concentrations of elements. It makes use of the absorption of light ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS) is an analytical technique that measures the concentrations of elements. It makes use of the absorption of light by these elements in order to measure their concentration.

More information

high temp ( K) Chapter 20: Atomic Spectroscopy

high temp ( K) Chapter 20: Atomic Spectroscopy high temp (2000-6000K) Chapter 20: Atomic Spectroscopy 20-1. An Overview Most compounds Atoms in gas phase high temp (2000-6000K) (AES) (AAS) (AFS) sample Mass-to-charge (ICP-MS) Atomic Absorption experiment

More information

AN INTRODUCTION TO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY

AN INTRODUCTION TO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY AN INTRODUCTION TO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY Atomic spectroscopy deals with the absorption, emission, or fluorescence by atom or elementary ions. Two regions of the spectrum yield atomic information- the UV-visible

More information

Atomization. In Flame Emission

Atomization. In Flame Emission FLAME SPECTROSCOPY The concentration of an element in a solution is determined by measuring the absorption, emission or fluorescence of electromagnetic by its monatomic particles in gaseous state in the

More information

very high temperature for excitation not necessary generally no plasma/arc/spark AAS

very high temperature for excitation not necessary generally no plasma/arc/spark AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Chapter 9) AAS intrinsically more sensitive than AES similar atomization techniques to AES addition of radiation source high temperature for atomization necessary flame

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 18. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 18. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 18 Instrumentation Radiation sources Hollow cathode lamp Most common source Consist of W anode and a cathode sealed in a glass tube filled with Ne or Ar. Hollow

More information

Emission spectrum of H

Emission spectrum of H Atomic Spectroscopy Atomic spectroscopy measures the spectra of elements in their atomic/ionized states. Atomic spectrometry, exploits quantized electronic transitions characteristic of each individual

More information

2101 Atomic Spectroscopy

2101 Atomic Spectroscopy 2101 Atomic Spectroscopy Atomic identification Atomic spectroscopy refers to the absorption and emission of ultraviolet to visible light by atoms and monoatomic ions. It is best used to analyze metals.

More information

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy CH 2252 Instrumental Methods of Analysis Unit IV Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Dr. M. Subramanian Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering

More information

3 - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

3 - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 3 - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Introduction Atomic-absorption (AA) spectroscopy uses the absorption of light to measure the concentration of gas-phase atoms. Since samples are usually liquids or solids,

More information

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy A. Evaluation of Analytical Parameters in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Objective The single feature that contributes most to making atomic

More information

ATOMIC SPECROSCOPY (AS)

ATOMIC SPECROSCOPY (AS) ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ATOMIC SPECROSCOPY (AS) Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 1- Flame Atomic Absorption Spectreoscopy (FAAS) 2- Electrothermal ( Flame-less ) Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

More information

INTRODUCTION Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy ( AFS ) depends on the measurement of the emission ( fluorescence ) emitted from gasphase analyte atoms

INTRODUCTION Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy ( AFS ) depends on the measurement of the emission ( fluorescence ) emitted from gasphase analyte atoms INTRODUCTION Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy ( AFS ) depends on the measurement of the emission ( fluorescence ) emitted from gasphase analyte atoms that have been excited to higher energy levels by absorption

More information

A Spectrophotometric Analysis of Calcium in Cereal

A Spectrophotometric Analysis of Calcium in Cereal CHEM 311L Quantitative Analysis Laboratory Revision 1.2 A Spectrophotometric Analysis of Calcium in Cereal In this laboratory exercise, we will determine the amount of Calium in a serving of cereal. We

More information

Ch. 9 Atomic Absorption & Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

Ch. 9 Atomic Absorption & Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Ch. 9 Atomic Absorption & Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 9.1 9A. Atomization Most fundamental for both techniques. Typical types 1. flame - burner type 2. Electrothermal graphite furnace 3. Specialized

More information

FLAME PHOTOMETRY AIM INTRODUCTION

FLAME PHOTOMETRY AIM INTRODUCTION FLAME PHOTOMETRY AIM INTRODUCTION Atomic spectroscopy is based on the absorption, emission or fluorescence process of light by atoms or elementary ions. Information for atomic scale is obtained in two

More information

10/2/2008. hc λ. νλ =c. proportional to frequency. Energy is inversely proportional to wavelength And is directly proportional to wavenumber

10/2/2008. hc λ. νλ =c. proportional to frequency. Energy is inversely proportional to wavelength And is directly proportional to wavenumber CH217 Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry Module Leader: Dr. Alison Willows Electromagnetic spectrum Properties of electromagnetic radiation Many properties of electromagnetic radiation can be described

More information

CH. 21 Atomic Spectroscopy

CH. 21 Atomic Spectroscopy CH. 21 Atomic Spectroscopy 21.1 Anthropology Puzzle? What did ancient people eat for a living? Laser Ablation-plasma ionization-mass spectrometry CH. 21 Atomic Spectroscopy 21.2 plasma In Atomic Spectroscopy

More information

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Presentation by, Mrs. Sangita J. Chandratre Department of Microbiology M. J. college, Jalgaon

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Presentation by, Mrs. Sangita J. Chandratre Department of Microbiology M. J. college, Jalgaon Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Presentation by, Mrs. Sangita J. Chandratre Department of Microbiology M. J. college, Jalgaon Defination In analytical chemistry, Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a

More information

9/13/10. Each spectral line is characteristic of an individual energy transition

9/13/10. Each spectral line is characteristic of an individual energy transition Sensitive and selective determination of (primarily) metals at low concentrations Each spectral line is characteristic of an individual energy transition 1 Atomic Line Widths Why do atomic spectra have

More information

The Fundamentals of Spectroscopy: Theory BUILDING BETTER SCIENCE AGILENT AND YOU

The Fundamentals of Spectroscopy: Theory BUILDING BETTER SCIENCE AGILENT AND YOU The Fundamentals of Spectroscopy: Theory BUILDING BETTER SCIENCE AGILENT AND YOU 1 Agilent is committed to the educational community and is willing to provide access to company-owned material. This slide

More information

PRINCIPLES OF AAS atomization flame furnace atomization absorption

PRINCIPLES OF AAS atomization flame furnace atomization absorption INTRODUCTION Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) currently is the most widely used of atomic spectroscopic techniques. AAS is a quantitative method of elemental analysis that is applicable to many metals

More information

ANALYSIS OF ZINC IN HAIR USING FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

ANALYSIS OF ZINC IN HAIR USING FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF ZINC IN HAIR USING FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine the concentration of zinc in a sample of hair. You will use both the calibration

More information

MASTERING THE VCE 2014 UNIT 3 CHEMISTRY STUDENT SOLUTIONS

MASTERING THE VCE 2014 UNIT 3 CHEMISTRY STUDENT SOLUTIONS MASTERING THE VCE 2014 UNIT 3 CHEMISTRY STUDENT SOLUTIONS FOR ERRORS AND UPDATES, PLEASE VISIT WWW.TSFX.COM.AU/VCE-UPDATES QUESTION 45 QUESTION 46 Answer is A QUESTION 47 The number of protons in the element.

More information

Atomic Absorption & Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

Atomic Absorption & Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Atomic Absorption & Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Sample Atomization Atomic Absorption (AA) Atomic Fluorescence (AF) - Both AA and AF require a light source - Like Molecular Absorption & Fluorescence,

More information

PRINCIPLE OF ICP- AES

PRINCIPLE OF ICP- AES INTRODUCTION Non- flame atomic emission techniques, which use electrothermal means to atomize and excite the analyte, include inductively coupled plasma and arc spark. It has been 30 years since Inductively

More information

Absorption photometry

Absorption photometry The light Absorption photometry Szilvia Barkó University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicines, Dept. Biophysics February 2011 Transversal wave E Electromagnetic wave electric gradient vector wavelength The dual

More information

Optical Atomic Spectroscopy

Optical Atomic Spectroscopy Optical Atomic Spectroscopy Methods to measure conentrations of primarily metallic elements at < ppm levels with high selectivity! Two main optical methodologies- -Atomic Absorption--need ground state

More information

Lecture 7: Atomic Spectroscopy

Lecture 7: Atomic Spectroscopy Lecture 7: Atomic Spectroscopy 1 Atomic spectroscopy The wavelengths of absorbance and emission from atoms in the gas phase are characteristic of atomic orbitals. 2 In the lowest energy transition, the

More information

Lecture No. 4. i 0 TETA I RY:

Lecture No. 4. i 0 TETA I RY: Lecture No. 4 i 0 TETA I RY: ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY - PRESENT AND FUTURE Dr. Chandra Sekhar K Scientist Analytical Chemistry Division National Metallurgical Laboratory Jamshedpur 831007 INTRODUCTION

More information

R O Y G B V. Spin States. Outer Shell Electrons. Molecular Rotations. Inner Shell Electrons. Molecular Vibrations. Nuclear Transitions

R O Y G B V. Spin States. Outer Shell Electrons. Molecular Rotations. Inner Shell Electrons. Molecular Vibrations. Nuclear Transitions Spin States Molecular Rotations Molecular Vibrations Outer Shell Electrons Inner Shell Electrons Nuclear Transitions NMR EPR Microwave Absorption Spectroscopy Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy UV-vis Absorption,

More information

GTEK Laboratory Atomic Absorption Spectrometer AAS6000 Brochure

GTEK Laboratory Atomic Absorption Spectrometer AAS6000 Brochure GTEK Laboratory Atomic Absorption Spectrometer AAS6000 Brochure Description AAS6000 Series are Single Beam Atomic Absorption Spectrometers controlled and data processed by external computer and internal

More information

Atomic absorption spectroscopy

Atomic absorption spectroscopy Atomic absorption spectroscopy Modern atomic absorption spectrometers Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements using

More information

Partial Energy Level Diagrams

Partial Energy Level Diagrams Partial Energy Level Diagrams 460 nm 323 nm 610 nm 330 nm 819 nm 404 nm 694 nm 671 nm 589 / 590 nm 767 / 769 nm Lithium Sodium Potassium Gas Mixtures Maximum Temperatures, C Air-Coal Gas 1825 Air-Propane

More information

Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy. Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy

Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy. Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy Atomic line widths: Narrow line widths reduce the possibility of spectral overlap and thus interferences. The band width at half height is used to indicate width. This is also sometimes called the effective

More information

SELİN CANSU ÖZTÜRK ŞEYMA ATAKUL SEZİN GÜNER

SELİN CANSU ÖZTÜRK ŞEYMA ATAKUL SEZİN GÜNER SELİN CANSU ÖZTÜRK ŞEYMA ATAKUL SEZİN GÜNER ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER Introduction Invention Working Principle of AAS Instrumentation Interferences & Correlation Methods Applications INVENTION Introduced

More information

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK V SEMESTER EI6501 Analytical Instruments Regulation 2013 Academic

More information

Spectroscopy Problem Set February 22, 2018

Spectroscopy Problem Set February 22, 2018 Spectroscopy Problem Set February, 018 4 3 5 1 6 7 8 1. In the diagram above which of the following represent vibrational relaxations? 1. Which of the following represent an absorbance? 3. Which of following

More information

Light Emission. Today s Topics. Excitation/De-Excitation 10/26/2008. Excitation Emission Spectra Incandescence

Light Emission. Today s Topics. Excitation/De-Excitation 10/26/2008. Excitation Emission Spectra Incandescence Light Emission Excitation Emission Spectra Incandescence Absorption Spectra Today s Topics Excitation/De-Excitation Electron raised to higher energy level Electron emits photon when it drops back down

More information

Ch 313 FINAL EXAM OUTLINE Spring 2010

Ch 313 FINAL EXAM OUTLINE Spring 2010 Ch 313 FINAL EXAM OUTLINE Spring 2010 NOTE: Use this outline at your own risk sometimes a topic is omitted that you are still responsible for. It is meant to be a study aid and is not meant to be a replacement

More information

UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA. Second Semester Examination Academic Session 2004/2005. March KAA 502 Atomic Spectroscopy.

UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA. Second Semester Examination Academic Session 2004/2005. March KAA 502 Atomic Spectroscopy. UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Second Semester Examination Academic Session 2004/2005 March 2005 KAA 502 Atomic Spectroscopy Time: 3 hours Please make sure this paper consists of FIVE typed pages before answering

More information

Clinical Chemistry (CHE221) Professor Hicks Week 7. Endpoint vs Kinetic Techniques. Instrumentation and Assay techniques

Clinical Chemistry (CHE221) Professor Hicks Week 7. Endpoint vs Kinetic Techniques. Instrumentation and Assay techniques Clinical Chemistry (CHE221) Professor Hicks Week 7 Instrumentation and Assay techniques Endpoint vs Kinetic Techniques two different approaches to analyzing for a substance Endpoint methods use all the

More information

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Ahmad Aqel Ifseisi Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry College of Science, Department of Chemistry King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia Building:

More information

An Introduction to Ultraviolet-Visible Molecular Spectrometry (Chapter 13)

An Introduction to Ultraviolet-Visible Molecular Spectrometry (Chapter 13) An Introduction to Ultraviolet-Visible Molecular Spectrometry (Chapter 13) Beer s Law: A = -log T = -logp 0 / P = e x b x C See Table 13-1 for terms. In measuring absorbance or transmittance, one should

More information

Complete the following. Clearly mark your answers. YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK TO RECEIVE CREDIT.

Complete the following. Clearly mark your answers. YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK TO RECEIVE CREDIT. CHEM 322 Name Exam 3 Spring 2013 Complete the following. Clearly mark your answers. YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK TO RECEIVE CREDIT. Warm-up (3 points each). 1. In Raman Spectroscopy, molecules are promoted

More information

II. Spectrophotometry (Chapters 17, 19, 20)

II. Spectrophotometry (Chapters 17, 19, 20) II. Spectrophotometry (Chapters 17, 19, 20) FUNDAMENTALS (Chapter 17) Spectrophotometry: any technique that uses light to measure concentrations (here: U and visible - ~190 800 nm) c = 2.99792 x 10 8 m/s

More information

Atomic Spectra for Atoms and Ions. Light is made up of different wavelengths

Atomic Spectra for Atoms and Ions. Light is made up of different wavelengths Atomic Spectra for Atoms and Ions What will you be doing in lab next week? Recording the line spectra of several different substances in discharge tubes. Recording the line spectra of several ions from

More information

1. Cyclic voltammetry involves the measurement of a diffusion controlled at an electrode in which the is controlled. (4 points)

1. Cyclic voltammetry involves the measurement of a diffusion controlled at an electrode in which the is controlled. (4 points) Chem 454 First Exam Feb. 20, 2002 1. Cyclic voltammetry involves the measurement of a diffusion controlled at an electrode in which the is controlled. (4 points) 2. (5 points) A. Sketch a cyclic voltammogram

More information

INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY (Chapter 8)

INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY (Chapter 8) INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY (Chapter 8) Atomic spectroscopy techniques: Optical spectrometry Mass spectrometry X-Ray spectrometry Optical spectrometry: Elements in the sample are atomized

More information

Chemistry 524--Final Exam--Keiderling May 4, :30 -?? pm SES

Chemistry 524--Final Exam--Keiderling May 4, :30 -?? pm SES Chemistry 524--Final Exam--Keiderling May 4, 2011 3:30 -?? pm -- 4286 SES Please answer all questions in the answer book provided. Calculators, rulers, pens and pencils are permitted. No open books or

More information

Chapter 15 Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry

Chapter 15 Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry Chapter 15 Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry Two types of Luminescence methods are: 1) Photoluminescence, Light is directed onto a sample, where it is absorbed and imparts excess energy into the material

More information

By Authority Of THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Legally Binding Document

By Authority Of THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Legally Binding Document By Authority Of THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Legally Binding Document By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code 552(a) and Part 1 of the Code of Regulations 51 the attached document has

More information

Spectroscopy. Page 1 of 8 L.Pillay (2012)

Spectroscopy. Page 1 of 8 L.Pillay (2012) Spectroscopy Electromagnetic radiation is widely used in analytical chemistry. The identification and quantification of samples using electromagnetic radiation (light) is called spectroscopy. Light has

More information

Chapter 18. Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry. Properties of Light

Chapter 18. Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry. Properties of Light Chapter 18 Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry Properties of Light Electromagnetic Radiation energy radiated in the form of a WAVE caused by an electric field interacting with a magnetic field result of

More information

Advanced Spectroscopy Laboratory

Advanced Spectroscopy Laboratory Advanced Spectroscopy Laboratory - Raman Spectroscopy - Emission Spectroscopy - Absorption Spectroscopy - Raman Microscopy - Hyperspectral Imaging Spectroscopy FERGIELAB TM Raman Spectroscopy Absorption

More information

Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy. Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy

Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy. Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy Topic 2b: X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Text: Chapter 12 Rouessac (1 week) 4.0 X-ray Fluorescence Download, read and understand EPA method 6010C ICP-OES Winter 2009 Page 1 Atomic X-ray Spectrometry Fundamental

More information

Determinations by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission

Determinations by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission 0 chapter Sodium and Potassium Determinations by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy 67 S. S. Nielsen (ed.), Food Analysis Laboratory Manual Springer

More information

Emission of Light: Discharge Lamps & Flame Tests 1

Emission of Light: Discharge Lamps & Flame Tests 1 Emission of Light: Discharge Lamps & Flame Tests 1 Objectives At the end of this activity you should be able to: o Describe how discharge lamps emit photons following electrical excitation of gaseous atoms.

More information

Spectroscopy. Practical Handbook of. J. W. Robinson, Ph.D., D.Sc, F.R.C.S. Department of Chemistry Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Spectroscopy. Practical Handbook of. J. W. Robinson, Ph.D., D.Sc, F.R.C.S. Department of Chemistry Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana Practical Handbook of Spectroscopy Edited by J. W. Robinson, Ph.D., D.Sc, F.R.C.S. Department of Chemistry Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana CRC Press Boca Raton Ann Arbor Boston TABLE

More information

Detection of calcium and zinc concentration in water and wine

Detection of calcium and zinc concentration in water and wine Detection of calcium and zinc concentration in water and wine Version 2, Group M 14 Jorge Ferreiro, degree course Chemical engineering, 4 th semester Email: fjorge@student.ethz.ch Natalja Früh, degree

More information

Prof. Dr. Biljana Škrbić, Jelena Živančev

Prof. Dr. Biljana Škrbić, Jelena Živančev 5 th CEFSER Training Course Analysis of chemical contaminants in food and the environment Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia 7-11 May 2012 Analysis of heavy elements

More information

Atomic Spectroscopy AA/ICP/ICPMS:

Atomic Spectroscopy AA/ICP/ICPMS: Atomic Spectroscopy AA/ICP/ICPMS: A Comparison of Techniques VA AWWA/VWEA Lab Practices Conference July 25, 2016 Dan Davis Shimadzu Scientific Instruments AA/ICP/ICPMS: A Comparison of Techniques Topics

More information

atomic absorption spectroscopy general can be portable and used in-situ preserves sample simpler and less expensive

atomic absorption spectroscopy general can be portable and used in-situ preserves sample simpler and less expensive Chapter 9: End-of-Chapter Solutions 1. The following comparison provides general trends, but both atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AES) will have analyte-specific

More information

A Fluorometric Analysis of Quinine in Tonic Water

A Fluorometric Analysis of Quinine in Tonic Water A Fluorometric Analysis of Quinine in Tonic Water CHEM 329 Professor Vogt TA: Sam Rosolina Allison Poget Date Performed: March 29, 2016 Date Submitted: April 5, 2016 ABSTRACT In this experimental, various

More information

Questions on Instrumental Methods of Analysis

Questions on Instrumental Methods of Analysis Questions on Instrumental Methods of Analysis 1. Which one of the following techniques can be used for the detection in a liquid chromatograph? a. Ultraviolet absorbance or refractive index measurement.

More information

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectrometry

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectrometry Chapter 8: An Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectrometry Sample is atomized (gaseous atoms/ions) absorption or emission measured Optical Atomic Spectra Atomization Methods Sample Introduction Methods

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 17. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 17. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 17 Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectrometry From molecular to elemental analysis there are three major techniques used for elemental analysis: Optical spectrometry

More information

White Paper. Overview: NDIR Definition:

White Paper. Overview: NDIR Definition: Title: NDIR Technology Overview, Compliance, and Comparison to Other Generally Available Gas Measurement Technologies TSN Number: 06 File:\\MII- SRV1\Metron\Bridge_Analyzers\Customer_Service_Documentation\White_Papers\06

More information

CHAPTER 8 Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectrometry

CHAPTER 8 Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectrometry CHAPTER 8 Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectrometry From: Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6 th Edition, Holler, Skoog and Crouch. CMY 383: Dr Tim Laurens Introduction. Three major types of spectrometric

More information

Spectroscopy Meditsiiniline keemia/medical chemistry LOKT Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy Meditsiiniline keemia/medical chemistry LOKT Spectroscopy Meditsiiniline keemia/medical chemistry LOKT.00.009 Spectroscopy 04.09.12 http://tera.chem.ut.ee/~koit/arstpr/spe_en.pdf 1 ntroduction Spectroscopy is a general term for methods that investigate interactions

More information

Higher -o-o-o- Past Paper questions o-o-o- 3.4 Spectra

Higher -o-o-o- Past Paper questions o-o-o- 3.4 Spectra Higher -o-o-o- Past Paper questions 1991-2010 -o-o-o- 3.4 Spectra 1992 Q37 The diagram below shows the energy levels for the hydrogen atom. (a) Between which two energy levels would an electron transition

More information

Sub-category: Physics and Principles of Measurement Topic: Monitoring anesthetic gases and vapours Date: January 15-17, 2016 Language: English

Sub-category: Physics and Principles of Measurement Topic: Monitoring anesthetic gases and vapours Date: January 15-17, 2016 Language: English Course n : Course 3 Title: RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSICS AND PATHOLOGY IN RELATION TO ANAESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE Sub-category: Physics and Principles of Measurement Topic: Monitoring anesthetic gases

More information

Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy

Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy In Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry ( MLS ), molecules of the analyte in solution are excited to give a species whose emission spectrum provides information for qualitative

More information

Chem 155 Quiz 3 Review Topics: Quiz 3 outline

Chem 155 Quiz 3 Review Topics: Quiz 3 outline Quiz 3 outline 1. Atomic absorption spectrometry a. Principles of FAAS where selectivity and sensitivity arise b. Spectrometer design c. Atomization processes d. Sensitvitiy and atomization: protecting

More information

Electromagnetic waves

Electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic waves University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicines, Dept. Biophysics Scientists physicists, chemists, astronomers Sir Isaac Newton Sir William Herschel Johann Wilhelm Ritter Joseph von Fraunhofer

More information

Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) PerkinElmer Aanalyst 100

Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) PerkinElmer Aanalyst 100 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) PerkinElmer Aanalyst 100 January 5 th -6 th, 2015 Instrument Center Science and Technology Faculty Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus Contents Schedule Trainee

More information

Course Details. Analytical Techniques Based on Optical Spectroscopy. Course Details. Textbook. SCCH 211: Analytical Chemistry I

Course Details. Analytical Techniques Based on Optical Spectroscopy. Course Details. Textbook. SCCH 211: Analytical Chemistry I SCCH 211: Analytical Chemistry I Analytical Techniques Based on Optical Spectroscopy Course Details September 22 October 10 September 22 November 7 November 17 December 1 Topic Period Introduction to Spectrometric

More information

Basics of UV-Visible Spectroscopy *

Basics of UV-Visible Spectroscopy * OpenStax-CNX module: m34525 1 Basics of UV-Visible Spectroscopy * Brittany L. Oliva-Chatelain Andrew R. Barron This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution

More information

25 Instruments for Optical Spectrometry

25 Instruments for Optical Spectrometry 25 Instruments for Optical Spectrometry 25A INSTRUMENT COMPONENTS (1) source of radiant energy (2) wavelength selector (3) sample container (4) detector (5) signal processor and readout (a) (b) (c) Fig.

More information

SmartNotes. What is meant by the term interference?

SmartNotes. What is meant by the term interference? Interference Removal on ICP-OES icap 7000 Plus Series ICP-OES SmartNotes What is meant by the term interference? In ICP-OES we speak of interference when a result is biased either by other components in

More information

LIGHT. Question. Until very recently, the study of ALL astronomical objects, outside of the Solar System, has been with telescopes observing light.

LIGHT. Question. Until very recently, the study of ALL astronomical objects, outside of the Solar System, has been with telescopes observing light. LIGHT Question Until very recently, the study of ALL astronomical objects, outside of the Solar System, has been with telescopes observing light. What kind of information can we get from light? 1 Light

More information

Chapter 8: Introduction to Atomic Spectrometry

Chapter 8: Introduction to Atomic Spectrometry Chapter 8: Introduction to Atomic Spectrometry Read: pp. 215 228 Problems: 2,4,5,6,9 Why choose atomic spectrometry? Three major types of spectrometric methods for identifying elements present in matter:

More information

Real-time ppb CO 2 Impurity Detection by an Advanced FTIR- UVF System

Real-time ppb CO 2 Impurity Detection by an Advanced FTIR- UVF System Real-time ppb CO 2 Impurity Detection by an Advanced FTIR- UVF System Presented at the BevTech Conference, Albuquerque, NM 2018 by Charles M. Phillips Ph.D., Max Analytical Technologies Mark Taylor, Vice

More information

Lecture 2. In this lecture we will go through the chronological development of the Atomic physics.

Lecture 2. In this lecture we will go through the chronological development of the Atomic physics. Lecture 2 TITLE: A brief history of the development of structure of atom Page 1 Objectives In this lecture we will go through the chronological development of the Atomic physics. We will find out the thoughts

More information

Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy

Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy 3 IR regions Structure and Functional Group Absorption IR Reflection IR Photoacoustic IR IR Emission Micro 10-1 Mid-IR Mid-IR absorption Samples Placed in cell (salt)

More information

Chapter 28 Atomic Physics

Chapter 28 Atomic Physics Chapter 28 Atomic Physics GOALS After you have mastered the contents of this chapter, you will be able to achieve the following goals: Definitions Define each of the following terms and use it in an operational

More information

Analytical Topics to Consider in preparation for the MFAT/GRE

Analytical Topics to Consider in preparation for the MFAT/GRE Analytical Topics to Consider in preparation for the MFAT/GRE 1. Solutions and Measurement: (CHEM 222) Describe the steps in a chemical analysis Know the meaning and use of the following solution concentrations.

More information

Reference literature. (See: CHEM 2470 notes, Module 8 Textbook 6th ed., Chapters )

Reference literature. (See: CHEM 2470 notes, Module 8 Textbook 6th ed., Chapters ) September 17, 2018 Reference literature (See: CHEM 2470 notes, Module 8 Textbook 6th ed., Chapters 13-14 ) Reference.: https://slideplayer.com/slide/8354408/ Spectroscopy Usual Wavelength Type of Quantum

More information

Chapter 17: Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry

Chapter 17: Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry Chapter 17: Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry Spectroscopy: the science that deals with interactions of matter with electromagnetic radiation or other forms energy acoustic waves, beams of particles such

More information

FLUORESCENCE APPLICATIONS

FLUORESCENCE APPLICATIONS FLUORESCENCE APPLICATIONS CORRECTION OF EMISSION SPECTRA USING THE PERKINELMER MODEL LS-50 LUMINESCENCE SPECTROMETER Spectra collected on luminescence spectrometers consist of true spectral information

More information

Chapters 3 & 4 in Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry or Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry.

Chapters 3 & 4 in Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry or Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Chapters 3 & 4 in Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry or Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/Vis) Absorption Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Fluorescence Polarization Flame

More information

a. An emission line as close as possible to the analyte resonance line

a. An emission line as close as possible to the analyte resonance line Practice Problem Set 5 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy 10-1 What is an internal standard and why is it used? An internal standard is a substance added to samples, blank, and standards. The ratio of the signal

More information

Introduction to Spectroscopic methods

Introduction to Spectroscopic methods Introduction to Spectroscopic methods Spectroscopy: Study of interaction between light* and matter. Spectrometry: Implies a quantitative measurement of intensity. * More generally speaking electromagnetic

More information

Analytical Technologies in Biotechnology Prof. Dr. Ashwani K. Sharma Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee

Analytical Technologies in Biotechnology Prof. Dr. Ashwani K. Sharma Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Analytical Technologies in Biotechnology Prof. Dr. Ashwani K. Sharma Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Module - 6 Spectroscopic Techniques Lecture - 6 Atomic Spectroscopy

More information

Tap Water Analysis Lockwood 1 TAP WATER ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AND ION CHROMATOGRAPHY. Susan Lockwood

Tap Water Analysis Lockwood 1 TAP WATER ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AND ION CHROMATOGRAPHY. Susan Lockwood Tap Water Analysis Lockwood 1 TAP WATER ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AND ION CHROMATOGRAPHY Susan Lockwood Inorganic Quantitative Analysis - Section 6 California State University, Sacramento

More information

The Structure of the Atom

The Structure of the Atom CHAPTER 5 The Structure of the Atom 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy 460 370 BC 1808 1870 1897 1910 1925 Today Democritus Atomism Dalton Modern atomic theory Crookes Cathode rays Thomson Discovery of the electron

More information

Classification of spectroscopic methods

Classification of spectroscopic methods Introduction Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and the matter. Spectrophotometry is the measurement of these interactions i.e. the measurement of the intensity

More information

RAY OPTICS 6. DISPERSION POINTS TO REMEMBER

RAY OPTICS 6. DISPERSION POINTS TO REMEMBER Y OPTICS 6. DISPESION POINTS TO EMEMBE. Dispersion : a) The splitting of white light into constituent colours is called dispersion and the band of colours is called spectrum. b) Dispersion of light was

More information

Spectrochemical methods

Spectrochemical methods Spectrochemical methods G. Galbács The interactions of radiations and matter are the subject of spectroscopy py or spectrochemical methods (also called spectrometry). Spectrochemical methods usually measure

More information

Chapter 17: Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry

Chapter 17: Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry Chapter 17: Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry Spectroscopy: the science that deals with interactions of matter with electromagnetic radiation or other forms energy acoustic waves, beams of particles such

More information