2. recording the number and types of wildflowers growing in a field. 3. Diluting hydrochloric acid with water and finding the ph

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1 Science Skills Lab Safety Rules and Equipment For the following lab scenarios, identify 3 safety rules that must be followed: 1. testing the effects of dye on different fabrics Measurement Volume: Use a graduated cylinder to measure the volume of a liquid by reading the meniscus. Bubble your answer in the grid provided. 2. recording the number and types of wildflowers growing in a field 3. Diluting hydrochloric acid with water and finding the ph Scientific Process Circle the statements below that represent valid hypotheses: The clouds are pretty today The dogs are mad because they are hungry Pedigree dog food makes dogs grow larger Grass will not grow in temperatures below 25 degrees Celsius Laboratory Equipment Equipment Used for: What is the volume of the rock below? ml Beaker Meter stick Graduated cylinder Anemometer What is the length of the object below? mm cm Psychrometer Hot plate What is the mass of the triple beam balance reading below? Spring scale g Triple beam Balance

2 Organizing and Evaluating Information (and Diagrams) You will be asked to analyze data many times on the STAAR test. Remember, if you see a diagram, graph, or a data table the answer is there for you! Do not give up---just keep looking until you find it!!!! Here is some practice: The following boxes represent a field. Which pattern for collecting 10 samples would provide the best data for identifying the types of plants in a field? A C B 2. D Some students conducted a survey about various energy sources used in Regions Q and R. The data table above shows the results of the survey. Which of the following best supports the data? F Region Q conserves more energy than Region R. G Both regions spend the same on nonrenewable resources. H Region Q uses a higher percentage of nonrenewable energy sources than Region R. J Both regions use a higher percentage of renewable energy sources than nonrenewable sources. 5. A student prepared this graph of tornadoes reported over a 50-year period in a midwestern state. Which statement is supported by these data? A Tornadoes are less frequent in the morning. B Darkness increases the strength of tornadoes. C Tornadoes occurring at night are brief. D The probability of a tornado is the same throughout the day. 3. Which of the following is best supported by the information above? A Tree resin makes good insect repellent. B Amber is a beautiful and valuable gemstone. C Trees can live for long periods of time. D Some insects lived on trees a long time ago Some students hypothesize that heating a mixture of any substance and water will always increase the amount of the substance that will dissolve in the water. The table shows results of an investigation testing this hypothesis. The results for which of the substances tested weaken this hypothesis? F Substance W G Substance X H Substance Y J Substance Z 6. A researcher wants to determine the average number of cave crickets that exit a certain cave in the first two hours after sunset. The best procedure for collecting precise data in this investigation is to count crickets exiting F the cave on several nights and calculate the average value G the cave for 15 minutes on one night and multiply by 8 H the caves in the surrounding area on several nights and calculate the average value J the cave during one night and use this value

3 RC 4- Organisms and Environments Ecosystems How does biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem? In the boxes below, create a 3 frame illustration that demonstrates your knowledge of ecological succession. Photosynthesis The above chemical equation is carried out in the cells of producers. Circle the molecule in the equation that represents chemical energy. Where in the cell of a plant would this process take place? How are dichotomous keys used to identify organisms? How is a dichotomous key read? Cells Provide the function of the cell parts listed below: Nucleus: Cell membrane: Cell Wall: Vacuole: Traits and Behaviors From the traits below, circle the ones that are inherited and highlight the ones that are learned or influenced by the environment. Eye color weight height cell type Fur pattern blood type personality Roles of Organisms, & Food Web Interactions Analyze the food web below. Circle the producers. Place a star next to the consumers. What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms How do the human body systems help the human organism maintain homeostasis? Complete the practice question below and questions on the back of this page. Complete the data table using examples from the above food web. Key Term: Example from food web: Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Predator/Prey

4 1. The single-celled organisms shown above live in water. What is the main function of the structures identified by the arrows? A Absorbing water B Removing wastes C Helping with motion D Getting food In the food web above, which of the following organisms transfer the largest total amount of energy to other organisms? a. Phytoplankton b. Fish c. Krill d. Seabirds 6. If a parasite were to kill large numbers of the krill population, what effects could be seen in the food web? 3. During primary ecological succession, the initial formation of soil helps establish F grasses G mushrooms H shrubs J trees 4. Which of the following is least affected by seasonal environmental conditions? F The pattern in a tiger s fur G The dropping of tree leaves H The sprouting of acorns J The migration of gray whales 7. A man treated his home with a pesticide that kills roaches. The first application of the pesticide killed 92% of the roaches. Two months later he applied the pesticide to his home again, but the second application killed only 65% of the roaches. What would best explain the decrease in the effectiveness of the pesticide F The pesticide is effective only against mature roaches. G Once roaches learned how to fight the pesticide, they taught others. H The surviving roaches were naturally resistant to the pesticide, and that resistance was inherited by their offspring. J The pesticide caused some of the roaches digestive systems to mutate and metabolize the pesticide. 8. When people exercise, they often feel thirsty and begin to sweat. It is important for people to feel thirsty when exercising because it makes them realize that they should a. take a break b. consume liquids c. slow their breathing d. stop to eat something

5 RC 1: Matter and Energy 7 th grade stuff 1. Name and describe at least one physical and one chemical change that take place in the digestive system. a. Physical: 7. On the blank periodic table below, label where you would find metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, then fill in the missing information in the following chart. b. Chemical: 2. What is an organic compound? Atoms 3. Fill in the chart below as it related to the parts that make up an atom: Subatomic particle Proton Neutron Electron Charge Mass Location in an atom Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Characteristics 4. Which element am I? How do you know? Chemical Reactions and Physical Changes 8. What do you do to determine whether or not a chemical equation demonstrates the Law of Conservation of Mass? 5. What are the differences between an element, a compound, and a mixture? 9. Do the following equations demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass? K + B 2 O 3 K 2 O + B AlBr 3 + K 2 SO 4 KBr + Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Periodic Table 6. Briefly summarize how the elements are arranged on the Periodic Table. 2NaCl + F 2 2NaF + Cl 2 How can you tell if a chemical reaction has occurred?

6 Answer the following sample RC 1 questions. 1. Which of the following is an example of a chemical property? A Density B Shape C Color D Flammability 2. Which lab procedure described below would provide information about the chemical properties of a clear liquid substance? A Cooling it to find its freezing temperature B Observing the rate at which it evaporates C Comparing its density to the density of water D Adding an acid to see whether a gas is produced Model of an Ammonia Molecule 3. The Ammonia molecule shown above contains A 4 elements B 4 atoms C 2 compounds D 1 atom 4. A teacher mixes two clear liquids in a beaker. White solid particles form in the beaker and settle to the bottom. If a chemical change took place in the beaker, which of the following best describes the white solid particles? A An atom not present in the original liquids B An element not present in the original liquids C D Nitrogen Hydrogen A solid dissolved in one of the two original liquids A substance with different properties than the original liquids. Procedure Place a thermometer and a 100 g sample of a different solid into each of 4 containers Record the temperature of the dry solid Add 100 ml vinegar Record observations of each mixture in the data table below Data Table Solid # Observations 1 Some of the solid dissolves. No temperature change. 2 All of the solid dissolves and gas bubbles out of the clear liquid. Temperature decreases slightly. 3 All the solid dissolves and the mixture is clear. No temperature change. 4 None of the solid dissolves. No temperature change. 7. Based on these observations, which solid most likely reacted chemically when mixed with vinegar? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 What evidence led you to this conclusion? 5. Based on the periodic table, which of the following elements has properties most like neon s? A Hydrogen B Fluorine C Krypton D Sodium 6. Which chemical equation below demonstrates the law of conservation of matter? A H + O H 2 O B C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + H 2 O C 2H 2 O + Cl HCl + 2O 2 D 6CO 2 + 6H 2 4HCO 3 8. The table above shows the number of protons in an atom of four different elements. According to the periodic table, which of these elements is a metal? A T B Q C X D Z 9. What is the density of a 5 g paper clip that has a volume of 2 ml?

7 RC 2 Force, Motion, and Energy Energy 1. What is the main difference between kinetic and potential energy? Motion Speed = / If a car is traveling at a velocity of 5 m/s north, how far will it travel in 10 seconds? Show your work! 2. On the diagram below, label the following: least potential energy, greatest potential energy, least kinetic energy, greatest kinetic energy. Describe what is happening to the speed of the object for each segment below. 3. Provide an example for each of the following types of energy: A: Energy type: Chemical Mechanical Electrical Thermal Radiant Example: B: C: D: Newton s Laws of Motion First Law: Inertia Which of the energy types above Is the product of photosynthesis? Is used for photosynthesis? Work 4. How much work is done on a box if a force of 200 N is exerted on it but it does not move? Force 5. In the space below, create a simple illustration that shows the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces. Second Law: force = mass x acceleration (look familiar?) Third Law: Action/Reaction Which law is it? Rocket Launching Cell phone sliding off the seat as car stops A bowling ball leaves a dent on the floor when dropped while a golf ball does not Force = x What is the difference between speed, velocity, and acceleration? (you will see more force applications under Newton s Laws)

8 Answer the following sample RC 2 questions. 1. At which point along the golf ball s path is its potential energy greatest? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 2. Which of the following is the best example of an object with only potential energy? 5. The picture above shows a pulley being used to move a load. In which direction will the load move if the force applied to the rope is greater than the force of gravity on the load? F Right G Left H Up J Down 3. A ball with a mass of 5 kg is accelerating at 2 m/s 2 while being thrown. About how much force was used to throw the ball? A 4 N B 5 N C 10 N D 20 N 4. When charcoal burns completely, it starts out as a solid and changes to gases and ash. Which of the following energy transformations occurs when charcoal is burned? A Chemical to heat B Electrical to light C Light to mechanical D Mechanical to electrical 6. Which of the following best explains why the arrow moves in the direction that it does after being released? A An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force. B Every action has an opposite reaction. C Force is dependent upon mass and acceleration. D Gravity is acting on the arrow. 7. A gasoline-powered vehicle goes up a hill from point X to point Y. What energy transformation must occur in the car s engine? A Chemical energy into mechanical energy B Electrical energy into chemical energy C Heat energy into chemical energy D Mechanical energy into nuclear energy

9 RC 3 Earth and Space The Universe Place the terms galaxy, solar system, universe, and star where they logically make sense in the diagram below. Think! What causes the different phases that we view with the moon? What causes the change in seasons? Earth s Changes Define the following in your own terms: Weathering Erosion Deposition Geology In the box below, indicate which diagram represents a Spring tide and which diagram represents a Neap tide. Analyze the following topographic map and answer the 2 questions that follow. What type of landform is shown on the right? What causes the tides to rise and fall? What type of plate movement may have led to this landform s formation? Fill in the chart below Boundary Plate movement Crustal feature Convergent Divergent Transform

10 Complete the following sample RC 3 questions The position of Earth relative to the sun s rays in the diagram above shows that it is A summer throughout the Northern Hemisphere B daylight throughout the Northern Hemisphere C summer throughout the Southern Hemisphere D daylight throughout the Southern Hemisphere 4. Rhea is a moon of Saturn. Which of these facts about Rhea best indicates that it does not have a water cycle in which water changes state? A Its radius is 765 km. B Its density is about 1.3 kg/m 3. C Its period of rotation is about 4.5 Earth days. D Its temperature is between -174 C and -220 C. 5. Looking at the diagram of the rock cycle (in your folder), which rock type would result from deposition at the mouth of the Mississippi River? A Igneous B Metamorphic C Sedimentary D Magma The diagram above shows the moon orbiting Earth. An observer on Earth sees different phases on different dates. If the arrows in the diagram above represent light rays from the sun, which of the following dates is closest to the new-moon phase? A April 27 B April 23 C May 8 D May 16