Potter Name: Date: Hour: Earth Science Unit 1: Earth Science Overview, Energy and Matter

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1 Unit 1: Overview, Energy and Matter #1 LT 1.1: Matter and Energy: I can explain the difference between matter and energy and understand their role in earth systems. Yes I can: 1. Can you define matter and energy? 2. Can you describe the difference between an element, a compound, and a mixture? 3. Can you explain how matter and energy are conserved? 4. Can you describe the difference between an open, closed, and isolated system for matter and energy? 5. Can you describe why the earth is a closed system for matter and energy? LT 1.2: Sphere Interaction: I can explain how the 4 components of the earth interact and rely upon one another. Yes I can: 1. Can you describe the major spheres of the earth? 2. Can you explain how matter and energy could move from one sphere to another? LT 1.3: Matter Cycles: I can explain how matter recycles on earth, especially water and carbon. 1. Can you draw and explain the Water cycle and carbon cycle? Yes I can: 2. Can you describe how water and carbon and can go from one living thing to another? 3. Can you explain what fossil fuels are and how their carbon moves from one place to another (spheres)? LT 1.4: Energy Sources: I can explain sources of energy on the earth and how they can change from one form to another. Yes I can: 1. Can you explain what Earth s greatest source of external energy is? 2. Can you explain what Earth s greatest sources of internal energy are? 3. Can you give at least two examples of how the sun causes energy to move from one place on earth (one of the 4 spheres) to another one?

2 Vocabulary I should know: #2 1. Matter has mass and takes up space 2. Energy The ability to do work ; power that is gotten from some other process 3. Open System Matter and energy freely move in and out 4. Closed System Energy can move freely in and out of the system but matter cannot 5. Isolated System Neither matter or energy and can move in or out of system (these don t exist) 6. Element a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance 7. Compound made of two or more elements chemically bonded together 8. Mixture made of two of more elements NOT chemically bonded together 9. Earths Internal Energy Earths energy that is found on the inside of the earth, of which there are two. 1. Radioactive material and 2. Heat leftover from earths formation (which was made by gravity) 10. Earth s External energy Earths energy that comes from outside the earth, which is the sun (fusion) 11. Water Cycle process by which water endlessly circulates through earths sphere 12. Carbon Cycle the process by which Carbon endlessly circulates through earths sphere 13. Biosphere all living things on earth 14. Atmosphere the mixture of gasses that surround our planet 15. Geosphere all of the solid rock on earth, from the surface down to the core 16. Hydrosphere all of the water on earth 17. Fossil Fuels coal, oil, and natural gas, formed from the remains of past living things 18. Decomposers an organism, like a mushroom or bacteria, that eats dead things. (They also return CO2 to the atmosphere and nitrogen to the soil) 19. Conservation of matter matter cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form. (nuclear explosions are an exception) 20. Conservation of energy energy cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form. (nuclear explosions are an exception)

3 #3 Energy in the Earth System LT 1.1: I can explain the difference between matter and energy and understand their role in earth systems.

4 #4 LT 1.1: I can explain the difference between matter and energy and understand their role in earth systems. 1. In your own words define matter: 2. In your own words define energy: 3. Describe an open system: 4. Describe a closed system 5. What is an isolated system? 6. Describe why the earth is an open or closed system for matter and energy.

5 Basics of Chemistry LT 1.1: I can explain the difference between matter and energy and understand their role in earth systems. Key chemistry words: atom, element, molecule, compound, mixture, physical change, chemical change. #5 1. A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance =. 2. Simplest unit of matter is (not counting protons, quarks, bosons, etc.). 3. Two or more different elements bonded together make a. 4. Two or more different atoms bonded together. 5. Two or more elements not bonded together makes a. 6. Two or more compounds not bonded together make a. 7. Two or more elements and compounds not bonded together makes a. 8. A change that doesn t make a new substance. 9. A change that does make a new substance. 10. How are the words atom and element similar? How are they different? 11. How are the words molecule and compound similar? How are they different? 12. How are the words physical change and chemical change similar? How are they different? 13. What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture?

6 The spheres represent elements. The little sticks represent bonds between the elements. In order for compounds to be formed, all of the holes in the ball should be filled with bonds. Some Rules: #6 Every bonding place should be filled (and not just with a stick) Springs (double bonds) can be used if there are extra holes to be filled Most things don t like to bond with themselves if there is something else to bond with. Oxygen likes to get away from other oxygens if it can. Rings are really rare for most things (except carbon, they like 5 or 6 carbons in a ring) Carbon likes to bond with other carbons to make chains. Yellow: hydrogen (H) Red: Oxygen (O) Purple: Sodium (Na) Green: Chlorine (Cl) 1. Take a yellow ball. a. What substance is it? b. Is it an element, compound, or mixture? c. Take a yellow, red, purple, and green ball and hold it in your hand. Are you holding a compound, mixture, or element? 2. Make water (H 2O). Draw a picture of it. a. Is it an element, compound, or mixture? 3. Make salt (NaCl). Draw a picture of it. a. Is salt an element, compound, or mixture? 4. Make oxygen (O 2). Draw a picture of it. a. Is it an element, compound, or mixture? 5. Make a mixture of salt and water. Draw it. 6. Separate the mixture. Is this a chemical or physical change? 7. You can split water with electricity to make hydrogen (H 2) and oxygen (O 2). Take two water molecules and split them to make H 2 and O Was this a chemical change or a physical change? Why?

7 LT 1.1: I can explain the difference between matter and energy and understand their role in earth systems. 1. What color is carbon in the molecular models? 2. How many bonds does it need to make? Important Carbon Molecules #7 3. First off, carbon can exist by itself in nature. Can you think of an example of pure carbon that is commonly used? (hint: it s in your pencil) 4. Make and draw models of the following carbon molecules. They are all important in what we will be talking about the entire year. a. Methane (CH 4) b. Ethyl alcohol (C 2H 6O) c. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) d. Glucose (C 6H 12O 6) 5. Which of the above molecules is a type of human food? 6. Which of the above molecules is a type of human waste? 7. Which are gases at room temperature? 8. Which are liquids at room temperature? 9. Which are solids at room temperature? 10. Which of the above are compounds? 11. Which of these do humans eat as food and which do we give off when we breath? 12. In the previous question, is this the same carbon or different carbon? 13. How can the carbon that is in the glucose in your GatorAde get into the air?

8 Important Nitrogen Molecules #8 1. What color is the nitrogen in the model kit? 2. How many bonds can it make? 3. Nitrogen can bond with itself to make N 2. Make it and draw it. This is the gas that is in the atmosphere. 4. Make and draw Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). 5. Make and draw an Ammonia molecule (NH 3). 6. Both of the above are fertilizers. Plants need the nitrogen to make proteins. If you can make the model of the simplest protein, I will give your group a sticker. The formula is H 2NCHRCOOH. Draw it. 7. Nitrogen is also a main element in one of your wastes. Guess what waste it is. 8. Can other living things use your waste? Explain why or why not.

9 Earth s Spheres LT 1.2: I can explain how the 4 components of the earth interact and rely upon one another. #9

10 LT 1.2: I can explain how the 4 components of the earth interact and rely upon one another. #10 The Atmosphere The Hydrosphere Example 1: The Mountains The Geosphere Example 2: The Biosphere

11 LT 1.2: I can explain how the 4 components of the earth interact and rely upon one another. #11 Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere

12 The Water and Carbon Cycles #12 LT 1.3: I can explain how matter recycles on earth, especially water and carbon. Using the following terms, fill in the chart below: Precipitation, condensation, runoff, infiltration, transpiration, evaporation The Water Cycle: 1. What is transpiration? Is it similar to evapotranspiration? 2. What happens during condensation? 3. What is the only ways that we can get water out of the atmosphere? 4. What term is used for water running down a hill? 5. How might water get out of the ground after is soaks in? 6. How long might water last in any one of these stops?

13 The Carbon Cycle: # What are some of the chemicals that carbon is in while traveling the through the cycle? (there are 6) 2. Using the diagram, give an example of how carbon could exist in each of the four spheres. a. Geosphere b. Biosphere c. Atmosphere d. Hydrosphere 3. Explain how Carbon could be locked away, out of the cycle, for a very long time. The Phosphorus Cycle 1. Why do organisms need phosphorus? 2. What is different about the phosphorus cycle compared to the other cycles?

14 Carbon Cycle Lab LT 1.3: I can explain how matter recycles on earth, especially water and carbon. #14 On the table below, draw an arrow showing how you went from one place to another. For example, you are a plant that gets eaten by an animal. You would draw an arrow from Plant to Animal and label that arrow eaten. The Atmosphere Factory Decomposer Animal Plants Ocean Fossil Fuels 1. Was the path you took a neat circle or did you move randomly around the cycle? 2. Did you get stuck anywhere? If you did, for how long? 3. Did you make it to every location? 4. Did you have the same path as everyone else? 5. If you became a fossil fuel, what was the only way to get out? (if you never became a fossil fuel, go back and check it out) 6. How does Carbon get into the ocean?

15 Practicing the cycles #15 LT 1.3: I can explain how matter recycles on earth, especially water and carbon. 1. Draw the water cycle. Draw 6 stops for the water and arrows describing how the water goes from one stop to another. 2. Draw the carbon cycle. Include the following stops: plant, animal, decomposers, fossil fuels, atmosphere, factory, and ocean. Draw arrows showing how the carbon moves from one to another. WRITE DOWN WHAT FORM THE CARBON IS IN!!! 3. Describe how the carbon and water from a t-rex can get into YOU! a. Carbon b. Water 4. Describe how factories that burn fossil fuels change where the carbon is in on the earth.

16 Earths Energy Notes #16 LT 1.4: I can explain sources of energy on the earth and how they can change from one form to another. 1. What is an energy budget? a. b. Most new energy comes from the sun c. Most energy is lost into space as heat 2. Conservation of Energy a.. (It moves around) 3. Conservation of Matter a.. (It moves around) 4. Internal Sources a.. b.. 5. External Sources.

17 6. Energy Flows and Matter Cycles 7. How is matter cycling and energy flowing from sphere to sphere? a. Any time matter moves to a new sphere, it requires energy b. Biosphere to geosphere: plants turning into coal (fossil fuels) c. Other examples: #17 Cycle How are energy or matter transferred Example of matter being cycled: Example of energy flowing: Example of matter being cycled: Example of energy being flowing: Example of matter being cycled: Example of energy being flowing:

18 LT 1.4: I can explain sources of energy on the earth and how they can change from one form to another. #18

19 #19

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