Nobel prizes in catalysis, Hungarians in catalysis, catalysis at our university

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1 Importance of catalysis Nobel prizes in catalysis, Hungarians in catalysis, catalysis at our university Dr Tungler Antal sci. adv. HAS CER BME CEPE 2012

2 Nobel prizes in Chemistry 104 Nobel prizes in chemistry, 11 were devoted to catalysis or to related subjects

3 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912 "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years" Paul Sabatier 1/2 of the prize France Toulouse University Toulouse, France b d. 1941

4 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918 "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods" Fritz Haber Carl Bosch Friedrich Bergius 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize Germany Germany Germany Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz- Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie Berlin-Dahlem, Germany b d University of Heidelberg; I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. Heidelberg, Germany b d University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany; I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. Mannheim-Rheinau, Germany b d. 1949

5 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932 "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956 "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" Irving Langmuir USA Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize United Kingdom USSR General Electric Company Schenectady, NY, USA b d University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom b d Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Moscow, USSR b d. 1986

6 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963 "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973 "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" Karl Ziegler Giulio Natta 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize Federal Republic of Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (Max-Planck-Institue for Carbon Research) Mülheim/Ruhr, Federal Republic of Germany b d Italy Institute of Technology Milan, Italy b d Ernst Otto Fischer Geoffrey Wilkinson 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize Federal Republic of Germany Technical University Munich, Federal Republic of Germany b d United Kingdom Imperial College London, United Kingdom b d. 1996

7 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001 "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" George A. Olah USA University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA b (in Budapest, Hungary) William S. Knowles 1/4 of the prize Ryoji Noyori 1/4 of the prize USA Japan USA St. Louis, MO, USA b d Nagoya University Nagoya, Japan K. Barry Sharpless 1/2 of the prize b b The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA

8 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis" Yves Chauvin Robert H. Grubbs Richard R. Schrock 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize France USA USA Institut Français du Pétrole Rueil-Malmaison, France California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA, USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA, USA b b b. 1945

9 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007 Gerhard Ertl The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007 was awarded to Gerhard Ertl "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces". For studying processes taking place on the surface of single crystalls. b University of Munich, Fritz-Haber Inst. Berlin

10 Hungarians in the catalytic science They all worked in the US after leaving Hungary, they achievements were made there!

11 Rabó, Gyula (Budapest, 1924) phys. Chem. Chem tech. Union Carbide, UOP 19 Windmill Road Armonk, NY10504, USA Oláh, György (Budapest, 1927) organic chemistry University of Southern California, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute 90089, CA Los Angeles California Hegedűs, Lajos (Budapest, 1941) GM, Grace Co. Somorjai, Gábor (Budapest, 1935) physical chemistry University of California at Berkeley, Department of Chemistry CA Berkeley, USA,

12 Publications Name Number of Publications Scopus Oláh György 1029 Somorjai Gábor 925 Rabo Gyula 30 Hegedűs Lajos 46

13 Jule A. Rabo 19 Windmill Rd., Armonk N.Y USA phone: fax: Professor Jule E.Rabo is a consultant to both UOP(a joint venture between Union Carbide Corporation and Allied-Signal Corp) and Union Carbide. Research Interest Main field of research of Professor Rabo is catalysis science and technology. He discovered the hydrocracking of petroleum residues at medium pressures; introduced X and Y zeolite catalysis the first time. These discoveries lead to Union Carbide's proprietary position for the use of Y zeolites in petroleum refining. It also provided the scientific basis for the commercial development of Y zeolite based catalysts in the catalytic cracking and hydrocracking processes. Today the application of Y zeolite in catalytic cracking represents the largest single heterogeneous catalyst application in the industry worldwide. Developed the first Y zeolite based catalyst, leading to the commercial development and production of a variety of hydrocracking catalysts presently used in more than half of existing refinery hydrocracking units worldwide. His work explored the electrostatic field within microporous zeolite crystals, established unique surface phenomena and unusual valence states for metals in zeolites (Ni+,N5 6 ).

14 Oláh György

15 Olah was born in Budapest, Hungary, on May 22, After the high school of Budapesti Piarista Gimnazium (Scolopi fathers), he studied, then taught, at what is now Budapest University of Technology and Economics. As a result of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, he and his family moved briefly to England and then to Canada where he joined Dow Chemical in Sarnia, Ontario, with another Hungarian chemist, Stephen J. Kuhn. Olah's pioneering work on carbocations started during his eight years with Dow.[3] In 1965 he returned to academia at Case Western Reserve University and then to University of Southern California in In 1971, Olah became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Olah is currently a distinguished professor at the University of Southern California and the director of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute. In 2005, Olah wrote an essay promoting the methanol economy.[4] The Olah family formed an endowment fund (the George A. Olah Endowment) which grants annual awards to outstanding chemists. The awards are selected and administered by the American Chemical Society.[5]

16 The search for stable carbocations led to the discovery of protonated methane which was stabilized by superacids, like FSO 3 H-SbF 5 ("Magic Acid"). CH 4 + H + CH 5 + Olah was also involved in a career-long battle with Herbert C. Brown of Purdue over the existence of so-called "nonclassical" carbocations - such as the norbornyl cation, which can be depicted as cationic character delocalized over several bonds. In recent years, his research has shifted from hydrocarbons and their transformation into fuel to the methanol economy. He has joined with Robert Zubrin, Anne Korin, and James Woolsey in promoting a flexiblefuel mandate initiative.

17 Gabor A. Somorjai University of California, Berkeley Gabor A. Somorjai is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, and a Principal Investigator in the Materials Sciences Division of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Research Interest Professor Somorjai's research interests are in the field of surface science. His group is studying the structure, bonding, and reactivity at solid surfaces on the molecular scale. This knowledge is then utilized to understand macroscopic surface phenomena, heterogeneous catalysis, adhesion, lubrication, and biocompatibility on the molecular level. Research is carried out in the following areas: Studies of the structure and bonding of adsorbed monolayers of molecules on the surfaces of solids by sum frequency generation, surface vibrational spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopies, and electron spectroscopies. Studies of catalytic reactions on ingle crystals, nano-particles, or other well characterized surfaces Most research projects utilize single-crystal surfaces, nano-particles deposited by electron beam lithography, or ordered monolayers deposited by various methods. Extensive use is made of ultrahigh vacuum techniques.

18 Hegedűs Lajos BME Faculty of Chem Eng., tutored by Petró József 1967 USA, General Motors Development of automotive catalysts Grace Co, president University of California, Berkeley

19 VARGA, JÓZSEF ( ) Varga József born1891. Budapest, studied at Technical Univ. In 1923 he was nominated as professor to Dept. Of Chemical Technology, he worked there until his death in He worked on the catalytic conversion of coal to liquid fuels. He discovered the Varga effect: the use of sulfided metal catalysts in hydrotreating and hydrodesulfurization of crude oil products.

20 Schay Géza prof.

21 Catalysis at the Department of Organic Chemical Technology Petró, József prof Preparation of skeletal catalysts Electrochemical method for the in situ investigation of hydrogenation metal catalysts in liquid and gas phase Preparation and application of supported precious metal catalysts in selective hydrogenations