Chemical Engineering in Medicine and Biology

Transcription

1 Chemical Engineering in Medicine and Biology

2 Chemical Engineering in Medicine and Biology Edited by Daniel Hershey Department of Chemical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Annual Chemical Engineering Symposium of the Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, Held at the University of Cincinnati, on October 20-21, 1966 <:I? SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC 1967

3 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1967 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1967 All rights reserved No part of this publication ma:y be reproduced in any form without written permisswn from the publisher

4 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION D. Hershey ix DIGITAL COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW B. T. Fairchild, L. J, Krovetz, and C. E. Huckaba FLOW PROPERTIES OF BLOOD UNDER LOW SHEAR RATE A. W. Rahn, Chi Tien, and L. C. Cerny HEMODYNAMIC MODEL FOR DETERMINATION OF ASYMMETRIC FLOW W.J. Dorson, Jr., J. Marks, and D. Hunkar CONDITIONS FOR COUNTERGRADIENT DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN THROUGH A HEMOGLOBIN BARRIER R. C. La Force and L Fatt OXYGEN DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FOR BLOOD FLOWING DOWN A WETTEO-WALLCOLUMN D. Hershey, C.J. Miller, R.C. Menke, and j.f. Hesselberth A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF OXYGEN RELEASE, DIFFUSION, AND CONSUMPTION IN THE CAPILLARIES AND TISSUE OF THE HUMAN BRAIN D.O. Reneau, Jr., D. F. Bruley, and M. H. Knisely EVALUATING MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR GLUCOSE INTO THE RABBIT EYE J. 0. Osburn MASS TRANSFER IN HEMODIALYZER Chi Tien ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY SYSTEMS 289 A. L. Babb, L. Grimsrud, R. L. Bell, and S. B. Layno v

5 vi CONTENTS THE SUITABILITY OF FIXED-BED SORBERS AS ARTIFICIAL KIDNEYS D. 0. Cooney, E. N. Lightfoot, A. B. Weinstein, S. F. Wen, and W. D. Shelp A TECHNIQUE FOR PRODUCING AN ARTIFICIAL BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE SUITABLE FOR DIFFUSION STUDIES G. B. DeLancey, R. R. Stana, and S. H. Chiang THE SEPARATION OF BACTERIA BY ADSORPTION ONTO ION EXCHANGE RESINS: II. RESOLUTION OF BINARY MIXTURES 391 S. L. Daniels and L. L. Kempe APPLICATIONS OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DRUG DISTRIBUTION IN MAMMALS K. B. Bischoff A STUDY OF RESPIRATORY GAS TRANSPORT IN PULMONARY CAPIL- LARIES E. D. Crandall and R. W. Flumerfelt THE KINETICS OF A PHOTOSYNTHETIC GAS EXCHANGER WITH LAMINAR FLOW DURING LOW INTENSITY ILLUMINATION j. R. Booth and G. F. Meenaghan WATER IN FROZEN TISSUE M. V. Sussman, L. Chin, and 0. Karakururn STABLE-FLOW FREE-BOUNDARY(STAFLO) ELECTROPHORESIS: THREE DIMENSIONAL FLUID FLOW PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS TO LIPOPROTEIN STUDIES R. D. Tippetts, H. C. Mel, and A. V. Nichols MICROBIOLOGICAL LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS: PHOTOSYNTHESIS VERSUS CHEMOSYNTHESIS 5 41 E. C. B. Ammann and L. L. Reed THE ROLE OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT SYS- TEM DEVELOPMENT W. A. johnson THE FEASIBILITY OF CRYOGENIC FREEZE-OUT FOR CONTROL OF AT MOSPHERIC TRACE CONTAMINANTS IN MANNED SPACECRAFT j. C. Ballinger, E. j. Russ, and W. j. Sevier

6 CONTENTS vii AUTHOR INDEX SUBJECT INDEX... o o o o o o o o o o o 657

7 INTRODUCTION 'lbere is much discussion today concerning "Bioengineering" (or "Biomedical Engineering"). It is not exactly clear what these names signify, particularly in chemical engineering. Some have suggested retreading the old war horse "Biochemical Engineering" (or was it "Biomedical Chemical Engineering). In an effort to demonstrate the on-going activities of chemical engineers in the life science area, we accepted the invitation of the Industrial and Engineering Division of the American Chemical Society to organize the 33rd Annual Chemical Engineering Symposium. We decided to call the symposium, Chemical Engineering in Medicine and Biology, and hence avoided the problem of having to decide which "bio" prefix to use. Many chemical engineers in the academic and industrial world were contacted. From these contacts and a good deal of publicity arose the Symposium. The two-day meeting was held at the University of Cincinnati in the Losantiville Room of the Student Union Building on October 20-21, Twenty-one papers were presented on topics relating chemical engineering to medicine and biology. Tile papers were representational of the scope of the activities across the country with presenters coming from Washington, California, Massachusetts, New York, South Carolina, Wisconsin, Iowa, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Indiana and Texas. TOpics ranged over blood flow properties, diffusion in blood phenomena, ix

8 X INTRODUCTION mass transfer in the eye, artificial kidney analysis, separation of bacteria by ion exchange, mathematical modeling of drug distribution, carbon dioxide respiration, photosynthetic kinetics, water in frozen tissues, electrophoretic separation of proteins, and outerspace research on life support systems. There were eighty-six registrants from outside of Cincinnati, with also about ten faculty and industrial persons from the local community. In addition about twenty students from the University of Cincinnati attended. The out-of-town registrants were from California, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Indiana, New York, Virginia, New Jersey, Texas, Massachusetts, Ohio, South Carolina, Canada, Maryland, Arizona, Missouri, Washington, Florida, Delaware, Washington, D.C., Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa. Chemical Engineers by virtue of their background, education, and training in non-newtonian flow, chemistry, chemical reactor kinetics, mass transfer, mathematics and process dynamics are well qualified to examine problems in the engineering-life sciences interface. The papers presented during the Symposium have been expanded considerably by the authors for publication in these Proceedings volumes. The Proceedings represent an up-to-date progress report on each area reported upon. The references, background information, detailed derivations and experimental data have been included so that it should be possible for one relatively new in the field to read the material and acquire a "classroom" acquaintance. Daniel Hershey

9 Chemical Engineering in Medicine and Biology