Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7
|
|
|
- Preston Stanley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University January 25, 2013 Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
2 Outline Questions and answers Structure Other nucleic acids Macromolecules in cells Cells and energy Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
3 Outline Questions and answers Structure Other nucleic acids Macromolecules in cells Cells and energy Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
4 Outline Questions and answers Structure Other nucleic acids Macromolecules in cells Cells and energy Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
5 Outline Questions and answers Structure Other nucleic acids Macromolecules in cells Cells and energy Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
6 Questions and answers Previous final question: the answer Write a sequence complementary to ATTGGAAGC Is it from DNA or RNA? Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
7 Questions and answers Previous final question: the answer Write a sequence complementary to ATTGGAAGC Is it from DNA or RNA? TAACCTTCG DNA Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
8 Questions and answers Disulfide bonds movie Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
9 Structure Structure Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
10 Structure Hydrogen bonds in complementary strands Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
11 Structure Double helix DNA form helical structure where phosphate and sugar form envelope and bases form a core Two grooves: major and minor Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
12 Structure DNA double helix Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
13 Structure DNA double helix from top Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
14 Structure Sequences, ends, abbreviations Since nucleotides are complementary, it is usually only one strand listed Each strand has 3 ( OH) and 5 ends (phosphate) Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
15 Structure 3 and 5 ends Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
16 Structure Abbreviations for nucleic acids components Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
17 Structure Abbreviations for nucleotide sequences Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
18 Structure Nucleotides and UV light Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
19 Other nucleic acids Other nucleic acids Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
20 Other nucleic acids ATP ATP (adenosine-triphosphate) is coenzyme (ferment helper), derivative of ribose, adenine and three phosphoric acids Contain two highly energetic bonds Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
21 Other nucleic acids ATP Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
22 Other nucleic acids ATP movie ATP movie Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
23 Other nucleic acids NADP NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is a coenzyme, derivative of adenine Typically, used as hydrogen carrier Has a medical name vitamin B 3 Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
24 Other nucleic acids NADPH Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
25 Other nucleic acids Other nucleotide coenzymes FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide, vitamin B 2 CoA, coenzyme A, vitamin B 5 Both are extremely important for cell respiration Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
26 Other nucleic acids FAD Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
27 Other nucleic acids CoA Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
28 Macromolecules in cells Most frequent macromolecules Polymer molecules generate most of cell dry weight (30% of total weight) Proteins are 15%, nucleic acids 7%, lipids and polysaccharides 2% each Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
29 Macromolecules in cells Noncovalent bonds, conformations and binding Non-covalent bonds are responsible from shaping of macromolecules Almost every macromolecule has different shaping variants conformations Intermolecular binding is also due to noncovalent bonds Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
30 Macromolecules in cells Types of noncovalent bonds Hydrophobic forces Van der Waals attractions: due to fluctuation of electric charges Electrostatic, including hydrogen Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
31 Macromolecules in cells Binding with noncovalent (electrostatic) bonds Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
32 Cells and energy Metabolism Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in living organism Catabolism is the part of metabolism responsible for degrading complex molecules Anabolism is the opposite part Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
33 Cells and energy Metabolism Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
34 Cells and energy Second law of thermodynamics Thermodynamic definition (Rudolf Clausius): No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a body of lower temperature to a body of higher temperature. Simplistic definition: In isolated system, disorder is always increasing To revert initial order, energy should be spent Generally speaking, entropy is a measure of disorder (better measure of randomness) In strict sense, entropy is ds = δq T, where Q is amount of heat and T absolute temperature (constant) Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
35 Cells and energy Entropy Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
36 Cells and energy Triumph of entropy: post-apocalyptic world Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
37 Cells and energy Entropy explained: energy tube Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
38 Cells and energy Different forms of energy Mechanical energy: potential and kinetic Heat energy Electromagnetic energy All forms are inconvertible; and first law of thermodynamics says that energy never disappears, it only changes its form Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
39 Cells and energy Photosynthesis The way of transforming light energy to energy of chemical bonds The schematic description is: light energy + CO 2 + H 2 O sugars + O 2 + heat energy Part of anabolism Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
40 Cells and energy Cellular respiration Almost opposite process Schematic description: sugars + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + chemical energy (ATP) Part of catabolism Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
41 Cells and energy Oxidation and electron transfer Cellular respiration is based on oxidation, taking electrons off Converse reaction is reduction; together they are redox reactions For organic molecules, typical oxidation sequence is: carbohydrates alcohols aldehydes organic acids CO 2 Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
42 Cells and energy Enzymes and energy of activation Most of processes need the energy of activation Enzymes could lower activation barriers Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
43 Energy of activation Cells and energy Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
44 Cells and energy Catalysis movie Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
45 Cells and energy Final question (3 points) Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
46 Cells and energy Final question (3 points) How are living organisms working against the second law of thermodynamics? Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
47 Cells and energy Summary The second law of thermodynamics is about increasing entropy All metabolic reactions need energy Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
48 For Further Reading Cells and energy A. Shipunov. Advanced Cell Biology [Electronic resource] onwards. Mode of access: B. Alberts et al. Essential Cell Biology. 3rd edition. Garland Science, Chapter 2, Chapter 3: Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 7 January 25, / 43
Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 8
Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 8 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University January 28, 2013 Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 8 January 28, 2013 1 / 33 Outline Questions and answers Energy and
Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 6
Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 6 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University January 23, 2013 Shipunov (MSU) Advanced Cell Biology. Lecture 6 January 23, 2013 1 / 48 Outline Questions and answers Nucleic acids
Lecture 7: Enzymes and Energetics
Lecture 7: Enzymes and Energetics I. Biological Background A. Biological work requires energy 1. Energy is the capacity to do work a. Energy is expressed in units of work (kilojoules) or heat energy (kilocalories)
Outline. Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. Forms of Energy. Chapter 6
Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Chapter 6 Forms of Energy Outline Laws of Thermodynamics Metabolic Reactions ATP Metabolic Pathways Energy of Activation Enzymes Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration 1 2 Forms
Cell and Molecular Biology
Cell and Molecular Biology (3000719): academic year 2013 Content & Objective :Cell Chemistry and Biosynthesis 3 rd Edition, 1994, pp. 41-88. 4 th Edition, 2002, pp. 47-127. 5 th Edition, 2008, pp. 45-124.
Chapter 6- An Introduction to Metabolism*
Chapter 6- An Introduction to Metabolism* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. The Energy of Life
Biomolecules. Energetics in biology. Biomolecules inside the cell
Biomolecules Energetics in biology Biomolecules inside the cell Energetics in biology The production of energy, its storage, and its use are central to the economy of the cell. Energy may be defined as
Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition
Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Talaro Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Biology Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Flow of Energy. Flow of Energy. Energy and Metabolism. Chapter 6
Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6 Flow of Energy Energy: the capacity to do work -kinetic energy: the energy of motion -potential energy: stored energy Energy can take many forms: mechanical electric current
BIOCHEMISTRY. František Vácha. JKU, Linz.
BIOCHEMISTRY František Vácha http://www.prf.jcu.cz/~vacha/ JKU, Linz Recommended reading: D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry D.J. Voet, J.G. Voet, C.W. Pratt Principles of Biochemistry
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism. Metabolism. The sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a living thing.
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Metabolism The sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a living thing. Think of metabolism as a road map of thousands of different chemical reactions Enzymes
(kilo ) or heat energy (kilo ) C. Organisms carry out conversions between potential energy and kinetic energy 1. Potential energy is energy;
I. Biological work requires energy A. Energy is the to do work B. Energy is expressed in units of work (kilo ) or heat energy (kilo ) C. Organisms carry out conversions between potential energy and kinetic
There are two types of polysaccharides in cell: glycogen and starch Starch and glycogen are polysaccharides that function to store energy Glycogen Glucose obtained from primary sources either remains soluble
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Biology. Dr. Ramos BIO 370
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Biology Dr. Ramos BIO 370 2 Atoms, Bonds, and Molecules Matter - all materials that occupy space and have mass Matter is composed of atoms. Atom simplest form of matter not divisible
Biology Reading Assignments:
Biology 205 5.13.08 Reading Assignments: Chapter 3 Energy, Catalysis and Biosynthesis pgs. 83-94; 106-116 (Note the various roles of nucleotide based carrier molecules); work questions 3-2 and 3-3 Chapter
`1AP Biology Study Guide Chapter 2 v Atomic structure is the basis of life s chemistry Ø Living and non- living things are composed of atoms Ø
`1AP Biology Study Guide Chapter 2 v Atomic structure is the basis of life s chemistry Ø Living and non- living things are composed of atoms Ø Element pure substance only one kind of atom Ø Living things
Unit Two Chemistry of the Human Body
I. Introduction to atoms Unit Two Chemistry of the Human Body A. Chemistry is the branch of science that concerns itself with the structure of matter, including the interaction between atoms. 1. Atoms-
This is an example of cellular respiration, which can be used to make beer and wine using different metabolic pathways For these reasons we call this
Chapter 6 Carvings from ancient Egypt show barley being crushed and mixed with water (left) and then put into closed vessels (centre) where airless conditions are suitable for the production of alcohol
Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy
6 Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy Energy is stored in chemical bonds and can be released and transformed by metabolic pathways. Chemical energy available to do work is termed free energy
REVIEW 1: BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT. A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned:
Period Date REVIEW 1: BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned: 1. All living matter made up of CHONPS 2. Bonds a. covalent bonds are strong b. hydrogen
Human Biology. The Chemistry of Living Things. Concepts and Current Issues. All Matter Consists of Elements Made of Atoms
2 The Chemistry of Living Things PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College Michael D. Johnson Human Biology Concepts and Current Issues THIRD EDITION Copyright 2006 Pearson
CHAPTER 15 Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design
CHAPTER 15 Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design Chapter 15 An overview of Metabolism Metabolism is the sum of cellular reactions - Metabolism the entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living
Objectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Metabolism. Catabolic Pathways. Anabolic Pathways 3/6/2011. How to Read a Chemical Equation
Objectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Chapter 8 Metabolism, Energy, and Life Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cell metabolism Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy Distinguish
Chapter 6. Ground Rules Of Metabolism
Chapter 6 Ground Rules Of Metabolism Alcohol Dehydrogenase An enzyme Breaks down ethanol and other toxic alcohols Allows humans to drink Metabolism Is the totality of an organism s chemical reactions Arises
Biology Kevin Dees. Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Defined as the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a living thing. Think of metabolism as a road map of thousands of different chemical reactions regulate
2) Matter composed of a single type of atom is known as a(n) 2) A) element. B) mineral. C) electron. D) compound. E) molecule.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is a particle found in the nucleus of an atom and that has no electrical
Full file at
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is an uncharged particle found in the nucleus of 1) an atom and which has
Cell Energy: The Big Picture. So, What Exactly is ATP. Adenosine Triphosphate. Your turn to Practice converting ATP to ADP:
Understanding How Living Things Obtain and Use Energy. Cell Energy: The Big Picture Most Autotrophs produce food (sugar) using light energy during Photosynthesis. Then, both Autotrophs and Heterotroph
Chapter 5. Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell
Chapter 5 Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell Including some materials from lectures by Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida Ammended by John Crocker Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.. Review
Chapter Cells and the Flow of Energy A. Forms of Energy 1. Energy is capacity to do work; cells continually use energy to develop, grow,
Chapter 6 6.1 Cells and the Flow of Energy A. Forms of Energy 1. Energy is capacity to do work; cells continually use energy to develop, grow, repair, reproduce, etc. 2. Kinetic energy is energy of motion;
1. Metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that occur in an organism.
ENERGY AND METABOLISM A. ENERGY 1. Metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that occur in an organism. a. Catabolism is the process of converting complex to simple or simpler molecules with
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge. Biochemistry II. Bioenergetics
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge II. Bioenergetics Slide 1 Bioenergetics Bioenergetics is the quantitative study of energy relationships and energy conversion in biological
Chapter 1. Topic: Overview of basic principles
Chapter 1 Topic: Overview of basic principles Four major themes of biochemistry I. What are living organism made from? II. How do organism acquire and use energy? III. How does an organism maintain its
An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 1 An Introduction to Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from
2: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BODY
1 2: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BODY Although most students of human physiology have had at least some chemistry, this chapter serves very well as a review and as a glossary of chemical terms. In particular,
Unit 1: Chemistry - Guided Notes
Scientific Method Notes: Unit 1: Chemistry - Guided Notes 1 Common Elements in Biology: Atoms are made up of: 1. 2. 3. In order to be stable, an atom of an element needs a full valence shell of electrons.
Chapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell
Chapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell What is Energy? Answer: The capacity to do work Types of Energy: 1) Potential Energy = Stored energy Positional (stored in location of object) Chemical (stored
Ground Rules of Metabolism CHAPTER 6
Ground Rules of Metabolism CHAPTER 6 Antioxidants You ve heard the term. What s the big deal? Found naturally in many fruits and vegetables Added to many products What do they actually do? Antioxidants
Chemistry Basics. Matter anything that occupies space and has mass Energy the ability to do work. Chemical Electrical Mechanical Radiant. Slide 2.
Chemistry Basics Matter anything that occupies space and has mass Energy the ability to do work Chemical Electrical Mechanical Radiant Slide 2.1 Composition of Matter Elements Fundamental units of matter
BIOCHEMISTRY GUIDED NOTES - AP BIOLOGY-
BIOCHEMISTRY GUIDED NOTES - AP BIOLOGY- ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS - anything that has mass and takes up space. - cannot be broken down to other substances. - substance containing two or more different elements
Chapter 6~ An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 6~ An Introduction to Metabolism Metabolism/Bioenergetics Metabolism: The totality of an organism s chemical processes; managing the material and energy resources of the cell Catabolic pathways:
An Introduction to Metabolism
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism
Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. February 24 th, 2012
Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes February 24 th, 2012 1 Outline Forms of Energy Laws of Thermodynamics Metabolic Reactions ATP Metabolic Pathways Energy of Activation Enzymes Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Section A: The Principles of Energy Harvest
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Section A: The Principles of Energy Harvest 1. Cellular respiration and fermentation are catabolic, energy-yielding pathways 2. Cells recycle
Energy. Energy & Laws of Thermodynamics. Energy - Outline. Energy - the capacity to do work
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/jmolapplet/atpjdisplay.htm - utline Flow of in living organism otential energy and kinetic energy Laws of Thermodynamics and energy transformations Biochemical pathways and energy
Cellular Energy. How Organisms Obtain Energy Section 2: Photosynthesis Section 3: Cellular Respiration. Click on a lesson name to select.
Section 1: How Organisms Obtain Energy Section 2: Photosynthesis Section 3: Cellular Respiration Click on a lesson name to select. Section 1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Transformation of Energy Energy
U2.1.1: Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved (Oxford Biology Course Companion page 62).
Unit 11: Biochemistry Study Guide U2.1.1: Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved (Oxford Biology Course Companion page 62). 1. Define molecular biology.
Biology Reading Assignment: Chapter 9 in textbook
Biology 205 5.10.06 Reading Assignment: Chapter 9 in textbook HTTP://WUNMR.WUSTL.EDU/EDUDEV/LABTUTORIALS/CYTOCHROMES/CYTOCHROMES.HTML What does a cell need to do? propagate itself (and its genetic program)
2/25/2013. Electronic Configurations
1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 2 Chemical Principles The Structure of Atoms Chemistry is the study of interactions between atoms and molecules The atom is the smallest unit of matter that enters into chemical reactions
Big Idea #2. Energy. Types of Potential Energy. Kinetic Energy. Chemical Potential Energy. Metabolism
Big Idea #2 Biological Systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis Life runs on chemical reactions rearranging atoms transforming
Biological Chemistry and Metabolic Pathways
Biological Chemistry and Metabolic Pathways 1. Reaction a. Thermodynamics b. Kinetics 2. Enzyme a. Structure and Function b. Regulation of Activity c. Kinetics d. Inhibition 3. Metabolic Pathways a. REDOX
Principles of Bioenergetics. Lehninger 3 rd ed. Chapter 14
1 Principles of Bioenergetics Lehninger 3 rd ed. Chapter 14 2 Metabolism A highly coordinated cellular activity aimed at achieving the following goals: Obtain chemical energy. Convert nutrient molecules
Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Chemistry. Question Type: Multiple Choice. 1) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Microbiology Principles and Explorations 9th Edition Black TEST BANK Full clear download at: https://testbankreal.com/download/microbiology-principles-explorations- 9th-edition-black-test-bank/ Microbiology
the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together Chemical structure Covalent bond Ionic bond
Chemical structure the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together Covalent bond bond formed by the sharing of valence electrons between atoms Ionic bond
3.1 Metabolism and Energy
3.1 Metabolism and Energy Metabolism All of the chemical reactions in a cell To transform matter and energy Step-by-step sequences metabolic pathways Metabolic Pathways Anabolic reactions Build large molecules
CORE CONCEPTS & TERMINOLOGY FALL 2010
CORE CONCEPTS & TERMINOLOGY FALL 2010 The following concepts and terms will be covered by all BIO 120 lecture instructors. Presentation of additional concepts is left to the discretion of the individual
BIOLOGY 10/11/2014. An Introduction to Metabolism. Outline. Overview: The Energy of Life
8 An Introduction to Metabolism CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Outline I. Forms of Energy II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy and metabolism IV. ATP V. Enzymes
Chemical Energy and ATP. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs. Living things need to survive.
8-1 Energy And Life Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Living things need to survive. This energy comes from food. The energy in most food comes from the. Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food?
Describe how proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are related to each other.
Name Date Molecular Biology Review Part 1 IB Papers Topic 2.1 Molecules to Metabolism Living organisms control their composition by a complex web of chemical interactions. Be able to: Explain how molecular
I. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI.
Chapter 6 Energy & Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI. Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living
*The entropy of a system may decrease, but the entropy of the system plus its surroundings must always increase
AP biology Notes: Metabolism Metabolism = totality of an organism's chemical process concerned with managing cellular resources. Metabolic reactions are organized into pathways that are orderly series
Energy Transformation, Cellular Energy & Enzymes (Outline)
Energy Transformation, Cellular Energy & Enzymes (Outline) Energy conversions and recycling of matter in the ecosystem. Forms of energy: potential and kinetic energy The two laws of thermodynamic and definitions
Chapter 8 Notes. An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 Notes An Introduction to Metabolism Describe how allosteric regulators may inhibit or stimulate the activity of an enzyme. Objectives Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: catabolic
Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy, 5e (Bauman) Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Microbiology. 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions
Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy, 5e (Bauman) Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Microbiology 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following does not contribute significantly to the mass of an atom?
Activity: Identifying forms of energy
Activity: Identifying forms of energy INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM Metabolism Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism Metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with
Chapter 8: Cellular Energy
Chapter 8: Cellular Energy Section 1: How Organisms Obtain Energy Transformation of Energy All cellular activities require Energy!! ( The ability to do work). The study of flow and the transformation of
ATP ATP. The energy needs of life. Living economy. Where do we get the energy from? 9/11/2015. Making energy! Organisms are endergonic systems
Making energy! ATP The energy needs of life rganisms are endergonic systems What do we need energy for? synthesis building biomolecules reproduction movement active transport temperature regulation 2007-2008
f) Adding an enzyme does not change the Gibbs free energy. It only increases the rate of the reaction by lowering the activation energy.
Problem Set 2-Answer Key BILD1 SP16 1) How does an enzyme catalyze a chemical reaction? Define the terms and substrate and active site. An enzyme lowers the energy of activation so the reaction proceeds
The biomolecules of terrestrial life
Functional groups in biomolecules Groups of atoms that are responsible for the chemical properties of biomolecules The biomolecules of terrestrial life Planets and Astrobiology (2017-2018) G. Vladilo 1
The Chemistry of Microbiology
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 2 The Chemistry of Microbiology Atoms Matter anything that takes up space and has mass
Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism
Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism Why do organisms need energy? How do organisms manage their energy needs? Defining terms and issues: energy and thermodynamics metabolic reactions and energy transfers
Basic Chemistry. Chapter 2 BIOL1000 Dr. Mohamad H. Termos
Basic Chemistry Chapter 2 BIOL1000 Dr. Mohamad H. Termos Chapter 2 Objectives Following this chapter, you should be able to describe: - Atoms, molecules, and ions - Composition and properties - Types of
Center for Academic Services & Advising
March 2, 2017 Biology I CSI Worksheet 6 1. List the four components of cellular respiration, where it occurs in the cell, and list major products consumed and produced in each step. i. Hint: Think about
Nature of matter. Chemical bond is a force that joins atoms
Nature of matter Atom the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means The subatomic particles of an atom consist of protons, neutrons and electrons Element is a pure substance
Energy Flow in Cells - 1
Energy Flow in Cells - 1 Thousands of chemical reactions occur in our cells and tissues to keep us alive (and hopefully healthy). We have discussed some of the molecules of living organisms (carbohydrates,
Chemical Principles and Biomolecules (Chapter 2) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Eastern Campus
Chemical Principles and Biomolecules (Chapter 2) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Eastern Campus Primary Source for figures and content: Tortora, G.J. Microbiology
An Introduction to Metabolism
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 6 An Introduction to Metabolism Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: The Energy of Life The
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE. Lecture Presentation by Cindy S. Malone, PhD, California State University Northridge. FIFTH EDITION Freeman Quillin Allison
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FIFTH EDITION Freeman Quillin Allison 8 Lecture Presentation by Cindy S. Malone, PhD, California State University Northridge Roadmap 8 In this chapter you will learn how Enzymes use
How Organisms Obtain Energy. Reading Preview. Transformation of Energy. Essential Questions
How Organisms Obtain Energy All living organisms use energy to carry out all biological processes. Real-World Reading Link New York City is sometimes called the city that never sleeps. Much like the nonstop
How Cells Work. Learning Objectives
How Cells Work Chapter 5 Learning Objectives 1. Physics tells us that in any energy transformation: a) energy is neither created nor destroyed, and b) there is always some energy lost in an unusable form
Chemistry of Life. Chapters 2 & 3. Credit: Larry Stepanowicz. Learning Objectives
Chemistry of Life Chapters 2 & 3 Credit: Larry Stepanowicz Learning Objectives 1. Differentiate between the definitions of an atom, element, ion, and molecule. 2. Describe why and how atoms react chemically.
Chapter 8.1. How Organisms Obtain Energy
Chapter 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Main Idea All living organisms use energy to carry out all biological processes. Energy Energy is the ability to do work. Quick Review: Heterotrophs are organisms
Chapter 2. The Structure of Atoms. The Structure of Atoms. The Structure of Atoms
1 The Structure of Atoms 2 Chapter 2 Chemical Principles Chemistry is the study of interactions between atoms and molecules The atom is the smallest unit of matter that enters into chemical reactions Atoms
AP Biology Thermodyamics
AP Biology Thermodyamics Introduction to Thermodynamics The living cell is a chemical industry in miniature The totality of an organism s chemical reaction is called metabolism Metabolism involves managing
Metabolism. AP Biology Chapter 8
Metabolism AP Biology Chapter 8 Energy Energy management Bioenergetics is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources. Energy is the capacity to do work. Energy exists in various forms Cells
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Lecture 13 9/30/05 I. General Principles Cellular Respiration: arvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Lecture utline 1. Regulation of Enzymes: competitive, allosteric, phosphorylation 2. Equilibrium 3. Digestion
CHAPTER 8. An Introduction to Metabolism
CHAPTER 8 An Introduction to Metabolism WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: Examples of endergonic and exergonic reactions. The key role of ATP in energy coupling. That enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation.
BIOC2000 Summaries. How are biomolecules/macromolecules organised and how does this determine their function?
BIOC2000 Summaries R Lecture 1 What kinds of molecules are biomolecules? Biomolecules are made by biological systems and have a function in biological systems They are macromolecules such as proteins,
Metabolism, Energy and Life - 1
Metabolism, Energy and Life - 1 Thousands of chemical reactions occur in our cells and tissues to keep us alive (and hopefully healthy). Monomers are assembled into the macromolecules we need for cell
NORTH CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL NOTE & STUDY GUIDE. Honors Biology I
NOTE/STUDY GUIDE: Unit 1-2, Biochemistry Honors Biology I, Mr. Doc Miller, M.Ed. North Central High School Name: Period: Seat #: Date: NORTH CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL NOTE & STUDY GUIDE Honors Biology I Unit
Ch. 2 BASIC CHEMISTRY. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ch. 2 BASIC CHEMISTRY Matter and Composition of Matter Definition: Anything that has mass and occupies space Matter is made up of elements An element cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means Atoms
2017 Ebneshahidi. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi
Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi A. Introduction Chemistry science that deals with the composition of substances and the changes that take place in their composition. Organic chemistry chemistry that deals with organic
9/25/2011. Outline. Overview: The Energy of Life. I. Forms of Energy II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy and metabolism IV. ATP V.
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Outline I. Forms of Energy II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy and metabolism IV. ATP V. Enzymes Overview: The Energy of Life Figure 8.1 The living cell is a miniature
Compounds Part 1: Ionic Cpds - Formula Units & Nomenclature (29:15) Video Tutorial Lecture Notes
Exam 1 Video Tutorials and Activities beginning of lecture for exam 1. The materials need to be organized according to the TOC for FULL credit. Refer to the Video/Activity grading rubric. Exam 1 is based
CHEMICAL BONDS. Attraction that holds molecules together Involves valence electrons. Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds. Involves sharing of.
CHEMICAL BONDS DEFINITION/DESCRIPTION: Attraction that holds molecules together Involves valence electrons TYPES: Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Involves sharing of electrons Electronegativities O = 3.5 N
An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism Edited by Shawn Lester PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley
Chapter 002 The Chemistry of Biology
Chapter 002 The Chemistry of Biology Multiple Choice Questions 1. Anything that occupies space and has mass is called A. Atomic B. Living C. Matter D. Energy E. Space 2. The electrons of an atom are A.
Metabolism and enzymes
Metabolism and enzymes 4-11-16 What is a chemical reaction? A chemical reaction is a process that forms or breaks the chemical bonds that hold atoms together Chemical reactions convert one set of chemical
CHAPTER 1 Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology
CHAPTER 1 Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology 1-1 Zoology: The Uses of Principles The scientific study of animal life Does Life Have Defining Properties? No simple definition The history
Metabolism and Enzymes
Energy Basics Metabolism and Enzymes Chapter 5 Pgs. 77 86 Chapter 8 Pgs. 142 162 Energy is the capacity to cause change, and is required to do work. Very difficult to define quantity. Two types of energy: