Albert Szent-Györgyi Nobel prize for vitamin C
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1 Albert Szent-Györgyi Nobel prize for vitamin C
2 Photosynthesis: Molecular Mechanisms Global Effects Győző Garab, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary SAIP - UNISA, 2011
3 In this talk: 1. Why photosynthesis? 2. What is photosynthesis? 3. Some of own research
4 Why photosynthesis? (i) global effects: evolution & bio-geo.chemical cycles 6H CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 light
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7 Cyanobacteria the first O 2 -evolving PS organism Ozone
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9 Generalized scheme of bio-geo-chemical cycle Oxygen Carbon
10 300 Gt O 2 per annum Residence time in the atmosphere: years 2 H 2 O + 4 hν 4 e H + + O 2 Mn 4 Ca Mn 4 Ca
11 Global carbon cycle and fixed C (Gt)
12 Calvin-Bensson cycle of chloroplasts, mito-respiration 1 Pg = 1 Gt
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14 Images from WDCP/IPCC
15 For photosynthesis, the present levels of CO2 and T are suboptimal -chance for some -compensation
16 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
17 The annual oil consumption of an average American family in 1970 (by now, it has increased by about 40%).
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19 Why photosynthesis? (ii) energy conversion: The energetic basis of (virtually) all life on Earth, also source of fossil fuels
20 Alternatives SOLAR: 178,000 TW GEOTHERMAL: 92,000 TW-YR GEOTHERMAL: 92,000 TW Renewable, CO 2 -free energy sources TIDAL POWER: 0.1 TW-YR WAVE: 2 TW-YR WIND: 5 TW-YR OCEAN THERMAL: 10 TW- YR BIOMASS: Wind: 172 TW 172 TW-YR 5vs. current energy demand WORLD ENERGY DEMAND: 13 TW Photosynthesis: ~120 TW
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23 Whie Book - E
24 EBSA Biophysics Course on Solar Energy - Biological and Biomimetic Solutions August 27 31, 2011 BRC, Szeged gyozo@brc.hu
25 What is photosynthesis? Light energy converted into chemical energy 6H CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2
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29 The fate of excitation in molecular assemblies Energy transfer: D* + A D + A* (usually) depends on the distance (R -6 ) and the mutual orientation of the pigment dipoles (ordered arrays!)
30 Funnel concept of the energy flow in the light harvesting antenna and the reaction center
31 Vectorial energy-migration
32 Scheme of the light harvesting antenna and the photochemical reaction center
33 olecular order in the antenna
34
35 Light harvesting complexes and reaction center in purple bacterial membranes 100 nm Model Cogdell s structure AFM image of the native membrane Hunter and coworkers, Nature, 2004
36 Ordered array of transition dipoles in LH2 emerging quantum mechanical descriptions
37 Energy migration / heat dissipation dynamics in reconstituted bacterial LH1 antenna Control LH1 LH1 with Ni-Bchl P. Lambrev, Y. Miloslavina, L. Fedor, G. Garab, M-L. de Groot, R. van Grondelle - unpublished
38 Chlorosome ordered arrays of Bchls
39 Anisotropy (FDLD) of artificial chlorosomes (synthetic porphyrin nanorods) H 3 C CH OH 3 (CH 3 ) 3 C (CH 3 ) 3 C N N C(CH 3 ) 3 Zn N N C(CH 3 ) 3 13 COCH 3 Orientation of transition dipoles w respect to the rod axis: Qx 43 ±8 Qy 37 ±7 Bx 39 ±4
40 Model of rod Gillot, Marek, Blaive, Canard, Bürck, Garab, Hahn, Jávorfi, Kelemen, Krupke, Mössinger, Ormos, Reddy, Roussel, Steinbach, Szabó, Ulrich, Vanthuyne, Vijayaraghavan, Zupcanova, Balaban: Anisotropic organization and microscopic manipulation of selfassembling synthetic porphyrin micro-rods that mimic chlorosomes, bacterial light-harvesting organelles Submitted to JACS
41 Reaction center complex of purple photosynthetic bacteria Michel, Deisenhofer, Huber Nobel prize 1988
42 Bacterial Reaction Center
43 Kühlbrandt, Nature, 1994 LHCII monomer
44 Photosystem I : ReCe& LH antennae Nelson and coworkers, 2003, Nature 45 transmembrane helices
45 PSII reaction center and core complexes Barber and coworkers, Science, 2004; Umena et al Nature: 1.9 A resolution
46 PSII reaction center complex
47 Barber, 2000 PSII particulum
48 µ H + ph + α ψ
49 Block diagram (the hierarchy) of photosynthesis Photophysics Light absorption energy migration Photochemistry charge separation redox chain NADPH, ATP, O 2 Biochemistry CO 2 fixation, Signal transduction Short-term regulation Physiology synthesis, self-assembly repair transport Regulation Ontogeny Ecology Evolution ~ s ~ s ~ s ~ s ~ s Pigments, complexes Membrane vesicle chloroplast cell, plant, ecosystem, biosphere
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