Science 9 Unit 2: Atoms, Elements and Compounds

Transcription

1 Science 9 Unit 2: Atms, Elements and Cmpunds demnstrate a knwledge f WHMIS standards by using prper techniques fr handling and dispsing f lab materials (209-7) cmpare earlier cnceptins f the structure f matter with current cnceptins (110-1) - define matter investigate materials and describe them in terms f their physical prperties and chemical prperties (307-12) - distinguish between physical and chemical prperties - list examples f physical and chemical prperties. Include: Physical (i) clur (ii) malleability (iii) electrical cnductivity (iv) magnetism (v) luster (vi) density (vii) melting/biling pints (viii) texture Chemical (i) cmbustibility (ii) reactivity investigate materials and describe them in terms f their physical prperties and chemical prperties (307-12) state a predictin and a hypthesis based n backgrund infrmatin r an bserved pattern f events (208-5) cmpile and display data cllected during an investigatin f the physical and chemical prperties f materials (210-2). rganize data using a frmat that is apprpriate t the task r experiment (209-4) state a cnclusin based n experimental data and explain hw evidence supprts r refutes an initial idea (210-11) explain the imprtance f using the terms law and thery in science (109-14) - distinguish between a thery and a law use mdels in describing the structure and cmpnents f atms (307-14) - define atm - distinguish amng prtns, neutrns, and electrns in terms f their:

2 (i) charge (ii) relative mass (iii) lcatin in the atm identify majr changes in atmic thery up t and including the Bhr mdel (110-3) - describe the cntributin f varius individuals (scientists) t the develpment f current atmic thery. Include: (i) Early Greeks (Empedcles, Demcritus, Aristtle) (ii) Daltn (iii) Thmsn (iv) Rutherfrd (v) Bhr describe Rutherfrd s experiment t test Thmsn s atmic mdel as an example f hw technlgies have enhanced, prmted, r made pssible scientific research in chemistry (111-4) - recgnize that the atmic thery cntinues t be refined prvide examples t illustrate that scientific and technlgical activities related t atmic structure take place in a variety f individual and grup settings (112-8) explain the imprtance f using wrds that are scientifically apprpriate (109-13) - define element identify and write chemical symbls fr cmmn elements. Include: (307-16) (i) Hydrgen (ii) Sdium (iii) Ptassium (iv) Magnesium (v) Calcium (vi) Irn (vii) Nickel (viii) Cpper (ix) Zinc (x) Carbn (xi) Nitrgen (xii) Oxygen (xiii) Nen (xiv) Helium (xv) Chlrine (xvi) Silicn (xvii) Silver (xviii)gld (xix) Mercury (xx) Lead - recgnize that elements are represented by an internatinally agreed upn system f symbls - identify each element symbl as either an upper-case symbl r an upper-case letter fllwed by a lwer case letter. describe and explain the rle f cllecting evidence, finding relatinships, and prpsing explanatins in the develpment f the peridic table (109-2) - identify the Peridic Table as a listing f all knwn elements - describe Mendeleev s cntributin t the develpment f the mdern peridic table - distinguish between atmic number and atmic mass

3 - using atmic mass and atmic number fr an element, determine its number f prtns, electrns, and neutrns using the Peridic Table, develp an understanding that the elements are gruped n the basis f similar characteristics. Include: (210-1, ) (i) metals (ii) nn-metals (iii) metallids (iv) transitin metals - list prperties f metals. Include: (i) shiny (ii) ductile and malleable (iii) cnduct electricity (iv) cnduct heat - list prperties f nn-metal elements. Include: (i) dull (ii) nn-ductile and nn-malleable (iii) d nt cnduct electricity (iv) d nt cnduct heat well - list prperties f metallids. Include: (i) shiny r dull (ii) nn-ductile and nn-malleable (iii) may cnduct electricity (iv) d nt cnduct heat well - list prperties f transitin metals. Include: (i) shiny (ii) ductile and malleable (iii) cnduct electricity (iv) cnduct heat - define perid - define family - prvide examples f cmmn prperties which a family f elements share. Include: (i) alkali metals (ii) alkaline earths (iii) halgens (iv) nble gases use the peridic table t identify new questins and prblems that arise frm what was learned (210-1, ) identify examples f cmmn elements, and cmpare their characteristics and atmic structure (307-15) - define energy level - define valence energy level - define valence electrn

4 - draw Bhr-Rutherfrd diagrams fr elements 1 t identify the maximum number f electrns which exist in the first three energy levels interpret patterns and trends, and explain relatinships amng variables (210-6) - make cmparisns f energy level diagrams fr elements frm the same family (grup) identify and write chemical frmula f cmmn cmpunds (307-16) - define cmpund - identify whether a simple cmpund is inic r mlecular (cvalent). - identify that a cmpund is represented by a cmbinatin f element symbls knwn as a chemical frmula, which indicates the prprtin in which the elements are present - list chemical frmulas fr sme cmmn chemical inic cmpunds. Include: (i) table salt r sdium chlride (NaCl) (ii) calcium carbnate (CaCO 3 ) (iii) Sdium hydrxide (NaOH) - name simple inic cmpunds - list chemical frmulas fr sme cmmn chemical mlecular (cvalent) cmpunds. Include: (i) sucrse r table sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) (ii) carbn dixide (CO 2 ) (iii) methane (CH 4 ) (iv) water (H 2 O) - name simple mlecular (cvalent) cmpunds describe changes in the prperties f materials that result frm sme cmmn chemical reactins (307-13) - distinguish between physical and chemical changes - recgnize that chemical changes prduce new substances (elements r cmpunds), but physical changes d nt - list examples f physical and chemical changes. Include: Physical i) change f state ii) cutting iii)disslving Chemical i) crrsin ii) fruit ripening iii)cmbustin - list evidence that a chemical change may have ccurred. Include: (i) heat is prduced r absrbed (ii) a new clr appears (iii) a precipitate is frmed (iv) a gas is prduced (v) prcess is difficult t reverse

5 - list evidence that a chemical change may have ccurred. Include: (i) heat is prduced r absrbed (ii) a new clr appears (iii) a precipitate is frmed (iv) a gas is prduced (v) prcess is difficult t reverse - recgnize that during a chemical change, elements are cnserved but cmpunds are nt use tls and apparatus safely (209-6) identify new questins abut physical and chemical changes that arise frm investigatins (210-16) rganize data using a frmat that is apprpriate t the task r experiment (209-4) determine, where pssible, if the change in a material r bject is physical r chemical based n experimental data (210-11) prvide examples where knwledge f chemistry has resulted in the develpment f cmmercial materials. (111-1) explain hw sciety s needs can lead t develpments in chemistry (112-3) analyze the design f a technlgy and the way it functins n the basis f its impact n their daily lives (113-4) make infrmed decisins abut applicatins f science and technlgy, taking int accunt envirnmental and scial advantages and disadvantages (113-9)