2008 Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society, Volume 61 Weed Survey WEED SURVEY SOUTHERN STATES. Grass Crops Subsection

Transcription

1 WEED SURVEY SOUTHERN STATES 2008 Grass Crops Subsection (Corn; Grain Sorghum, Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands; Rice; Small Grains; Sugarcane; Turf; Wheat) Theodore M. Webster Chairperson Information in this report is provided by the following individuals: Alabama John Everest Mike Patterson Florida Jason Ferrell Barry J. Brecke Brent Sellers Curtis Rainbolt Georgia A. Stanley Culpepper Tim R. Murphy Eric P. Prostko R. Dewey Lee Kentucky J. D. Green J. R. Martin William W. Witt Louisiana Ron Strahan Mississippi Jason Bond Nathan Buehring North Carolina Alan York Fred Yelverton Leon Warren Travis Gannon Puerto Rico Maria de L. Lugo Nelson Semidey Edwin Mas South Carolina Michael Marshall Tennessee Larry Steckel Scott McElroy 224

2 Table 1. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Corn. Ranking Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Broadleaf signalgrass Crabgrasses Crabgrasses 2 Crabgrasses Goosegrass Texas millet 3 Morningglories Wild radish Morningglories 4 Florida pusley Florida pusley Pigweeds 5 Pigweeds Nutsedges Sicklepod 6 Sicklepod Pigweeds Common cocklebur 7 Fall panicum Texas millet Johnsongrass 8 Johnsongrass Morningglories Florida pusley 9 Common cocklebur Sicklepod Nutsedges 10 Nutsedges Common bermudagrass Common bermudagrass 1 Texas millet Common bermudagrass Texas millet 2 Morningglories Morningglories Crabgrasses 3 Sicklepod Nutsedges Morningglories 4 Fall panicum Texas millet Pigweeds 5 Pigweeds Wild radish Sicklepod 6 Johnsongrass Pigweeds Nutsedges 7 Broadleaf signalgrass Hemp sesbania Johnsongrass 8 Smooth crabgrass Cutleaf eveningprimrose Annual ryegrass 9 Nutsedges Sicklepod Pennsylvania smartweed 10 Common cocklebur Benghal dayflower Benghal dayflower 225

3 Table 1. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Corn (continued). Ranking Kentucky North Carolina Puerto Rico 1 Smooth pigweed Large crabgrass Johnsongrass 2 Large crabgrass Broadleaf signalgrass Crabgrasses 3 Johnsongrass Pigweeds Red sprangletop 4 Morningglories Ipomoea spp. Itchgrass 5 Giant foxtail Common lambsquarters Alexandergrass 6 Giant ragweed Sicklepod Goosegrass 7 Common cocklebur Goosegrass Junglerice 8 Honeyvine swallowwort Common ragweed Horse purslane 9 Fall panicum Prickly sida Pigweeds 10 Yellow nutsedge Pennsylvania smartweed Wild poinsettia 1 Honeyvine swallowwort Ipomoea spp. Itchgrass 2 Broadleaf signalgrass Palmer amaranth Johnsongrass 3 Burcucumber Broadleaf signalgrass Nutsedges 4 Giant ragweed Texas millet Bermudagrass 5 Johnsongrass Burcucumber Crabgrasses 6 Dandelion Pennsylvania smartweed Goosegrass 7 Common pokeweed Yellow nutsedge Junglerice 8 Morningglories Common bermudagrass Alexandergrass 9 Yellow nutsedge Johnsongrass Wild poinsettia 10 Italian ryegrass Trumpetcreeper Red sprangletop 226

4 Table 1. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Corn (continued). States Ranking South Carolina Tennessee 1 Large crabgrass Broadleaf signalgrass 2 Texas millet Palmer amaranth 3 Morningglories Morningglories 4 Sicklepod Johnsongrass 5 Pigweeds Goosegrass 6 Broadleaf signalgrass Smooth pigweed 7 Johnsongrass Large crabgrass 8 Common cocklebur Fall panicum 9 Yellow nutsedge Slender amaranth 10 Common bermudagrass Horseweed 1 Texas millet Broadleaf signalgrass 2 Palmer amaranth* Morningglories 3 Morningglories Johnsongrass 4 Sicklepod Goosegrass 5 Florida pusley Large crabgrass 6 Prickly sida Fall panicum 7 Large crabgrass Redvine 8 Pennsylvania smartweed Palmer amaranth 9 Bristly starbur Smooth pigweed 10 Nutsedges Italian ryegrass *Glyphosate-resistant 227

5 Table 2. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Grain sorghum. Ranking Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Crabgrasses Crabgrasses Crabgrasses 2 Broadleaf signalgrass Goosegrass Texas millet 3 Morningglories Wild radish Morningglories 4 Pigweeds Florida pusley Pigweeds 5 Common cocklebur Nutsedges Sicklepod 6 Johnsongrass Common bermudagrass Common cocklebur 7 Sicklepod Pigweeds Johnsongrass 8 Prickly sida Texas millet Florida pusley 9 Florida pusley Morningglories Nutsedges 10 Nutsedges Sicklepod Bermudagrass 1 Johnsongrass Common bermudagrass Texas millet 2 Texas millet Crabgrasses Johnsongrass 3 Broadleaf signalgrass Nutsedges Crabgrasses 4 Pigweeds Johnsongrass Morningglories 5 Sicklepod Texas millet Bermudagrass 6 Morningglories Goosegrass Pigweeds 7 Crabgrasses Morningglories Common cocklebur 8 Nutsedges Wild radish Sicklepod 9 Fall panicum Hemp sesbania Nutsedges 10 Common cocklebur Pigweeds Florida pusley 228

6 Table 2. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Grain sorghum (continued). Ranking North Carolina Puerto Rico South Carolina 1 Large crabgrass Johnsongrass Large crabgrass 2 Broadleaf signalgrass Large crabgrass Texas millet 3 Pigweeds Red sprangletop Pigweeds 4 Morningglories Itchgrass Morningglories 5 Common lambsquarters Alexandergrass Sicklepod 6 Sicklepod Goosegrass Broadleaf signalgrass 7 Goosegrass Junglerice Common cocklebur 8 Common ragweed Horse purslane Common ragweed 9 Prickly sida Pigweeds Johnsongrass 10 Pennsylvania smartweed Wild poinsettia Common bermudagrass 1 Morningglories Itchgrass Texas millet 2 Palmer amaranth Johnsongrass Johnsongrass 3 Broadleaf signalgrass Bermudagrass Sicklepod 4 Texas millet Crabgrasses Common bermudagrass 5 Burcucumber Goosegrass Morningglories 6 Pennsylvania smartweed Nutsedges Pigweeds 7 Yellow nutsedge Junglerice Florida pusley 8 Common bermudagrass Alexandergrass Large crabgrass 9 Johnsongrass Wild poinsettia Nutsedges 10 Trumpetcreeper Red sprangletop Bristly starbur 229

7 Table 2. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Grain sorghum (continued). State Ranking Tennessee 1 Broadleaf signalgrass 2 Palmer amaranth 3 Morningglories 4 Johnsongrass 5 Goosegrass 6 Smooth pigweed 7 Large crabgrass 8 Fall panicum 9 Slender amaranth 10 Horseweed 1 Johnsongrass 2 Broadleaf signalgrass 3 Morningglories 4 Goosegrass 5 Large crabgrass 6 Fall panicum 7 Redvine 8 Palmer amaranth 9 Smooth pigweed 10 Italian ryegrass 230

8 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands. Ranking Alabama Alabama Florida Hay Pasture Pasture 1 Crabgrasses Dogfennel Dogfennel 2 Bahiagrass Broomsedge Smutgrass 3 Smutgrass Thistles Tropical soda apple 4 Rubus spp. Buttercups Blackberries 5 Carolina horsenettle Horseweed Wild radish 6 Pigweeds Rubus spp. Cyperus spp. 7 Dogfennel Crabgrasses Broomsedge 8 Horseweed Curly dock Thistle 9 Red sorrel Little barley Goatweed 10 Field sandbur Carolina horsenettle Cogongrass Hay Pasture Pasture 1 Carolina horsenettle Prickly pear cactus Smutgrass 2 Rubus spp. Smutgrass Cogongrass 3 Pigweeds Carolina horsenettle Blackberries 4 Smutgrass Rubus spp. Cyperus spp. 5 Field sandbur Dogfennel Broomsedge 6 Crabgrasses Broomsedge Wild radish 7 Dogfennel Curly dock Spiny amaranth 8 Red sorrel Thistles Sandburs 9 Broadleaf signalgrass Vervains Goatweed 10 Horseweed Horseweed Vaseygrass 231

9 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands (continued). Ranking Georgia Kentucky North Carolina 1 Crabgrasses Crabgrasses Carolina horsenettle 2 Pigweeds Tall ironweed Large crabgrass 3 Thistles Buttercups Docks 4 Carolina horsenettle Musk thistle Chickweeds 5 Bahiagrass Spiny amaranth Buttercups 6 Buttercups Dandelion Wild radish/mustard 7 Dogfennel Common ragweed Paspalum spp. 8 Rubus spp. Plantains Pigweeds 9 Bitter sneezeweed Common cocklebur Henbit 10 Broomsedge Johnsongrass Johnsongrass 1 Carolina horsenettle Tall ironweed Carolina horsenettle 2 Thistles Musk thistle Large crabgrass 3 Arrowleaf sida Buttercups Paspalum spp. (Bahiagrass, Vaseygrass, Dallisgrass) 4 Johnsongrass Spiny amaranth Field sandbur 5 Crabgrasses Poison hemlock Rubus spp. (dewberry, blackberry) 6 Smutgrass Purpletop Docks 7 Field sandbur Multiflora rose Buttercups (hairy, bulbous) 8 Rubus spp. Blackberries Wild radish/mustard 9 Spreading pricklypear Horsenettle Foxtails 10 Nutsedges Broomsedge Johnsongrass 232

10 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Hay, Pastures, and Rangelands (continued). Ranking Puerto Rico South Carolina Tennessee 1 Tall albizia Large crabgrass Spiny amaranth 2 Venezuela grass Pigweeds Curly dock 3 Cortadera (Paspalum Thistles Buttercups millegrana) 4 Cortadero (Paspalum Italian ryegrass Ironweeds virgatum) 5 Casha Carolina horsenettle Burdock 6 Giant milkweed Dogfennel Broomsedge 7 Mesquite Bitter sneezeweed Buckbrush 8 Thorny sensitive plant Wild radish Carolina horsenettle 9 Catclaw mimosa Broomsedge Horseweed 10 Climbing mimosa Curly dock 1 Venezuela grass Sandburs Broomsedge 2 Tall albizia Bahiagrass Buttercups 3 Cortadera (Paspalum Thistles Carolina horsenettle millegrana) 4 Casha Buckbrush Ironweeds 5 Mesquite Broadleaf signalgrass Buckbrush 6 Climbing mimosa Buttercups Dogfennel 7 Cortadero (Paspalum Large crabgrass Perilla mint virgatum) 8 Catclaw mimosa Blackberries Bitter sneezeweed 9 Giant milkweed Johnsongrass Multiflora rose 10 Heteropogon contortus Dogfennel Musk thistle 233

11 Table 4. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Rice. States Ranking Florida Mississippi 1 Purple nutsedge Barnyardgrass 2 Texasweed Hemp sesbania 3 Yellow nutsedge Morningglories 4 Alligatorweed Red rice 5 Fall panicum Pigweeds 6 Sprangletops Volunteer soybean* 7 Coast cockspur Amazon sprangletop 8 Dayflowers Ducksalad 9 Spiny amaranth Yellow nutsedge 10 Goosegrass Purple ammannia 1 Purple nutsedge Barnyardgrass 2 Yellow nutsedge Amazon sprangletop 3 Texasweed Volunteer soybean* 4 Alligatorweed Pigweeds 5 Sprangletops Texasweed 6 Primrose willow Morningglories 7 Dayflowers Red rice 8 Fall panicum Spreading dayflower 9 Coast cockspur Pennsylvania smartweed 10 Goosegrass Hemp sesbania *Glyphosate-resistant 234

12 Table 5. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Small Grains. Ranking Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Mustards Wild radish Henbit 2 Italian ryegrass Wild mustard Wild radish 3 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Annual ryegrass Chickweeds 4 Henbit Carolina geranium Cudweeds 5 Wild radish Cutleaf eveningprimrose Cutleaf eveningprimrose 6 Chickweeds Henbit Annual ryegrass 7 Corn spurry Virginia pepperweed Swinecress 8 Wild garlic Chickweeds Wild garlic/onion 9 Vetch Cudweeds Annual bluegrass 10 Little barley Wild garlic Little barley 1 Italian ryegrass Wild radish Annual ryegrass 2 Wild radish Wild mustard Annual bluegrass 3 Wild garlic Annual ryegrass Wild radish 4 Wild mustard Cutleaf eveningprimrose Henbit 5 Henbit Carolina geranium Chickweeds 6 Curly dock Wild garlic Wild garlic/onion 7 Corn spurry Henbit Swinecress 8 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Cutleaf eveningprimrose 9 Little barley Cudweeds 10 Virginia pepperweed Little barley 235

13 Table 5. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Small Grains (continued). Ranking Kentucky North Carolina South Carolina 1 Wild garlic Common chickweed Wild radish 2 Common chickweed Henbit Common chickweed 3 Purple deadnettle Italian ryegrass Henbit 4 Henbit Mouseear chickweed Italian ryegrass 5 Shepherdspurse Wild radish Wild garlic 6 Virginia pepperweed Shepherdspurse Annual bluegrass 7 Horseweed (Marestail) Curly dock Cutleaf eveningprimrose 8 Italian ryegrass Wild mustard Wild mustard 9 Philadelphia fleabane Annual bluegrass Little barley 10 Mouseear chickweed Swinecress Vetches 1 Italian ryegrass Italian ryegrass Italian ryegrass 2 Hairy chess Annual bluegrass Henbit 3 Cheat Wild garlic Cutleaf eveningprimrose 4 Wild garlic Wild radish Wild radish 5 Star-of-Bethlehem Field pansy Common chickweed 6 Curly dock Vetch spp. Wild garlic 7 Cornflower Henbit Speedwells 8 Musk thistle Curly dock Little barley 9 Speedwells Cornflower Wild mustard 10 Annual bluegrass Cutleaf eveningprimrose Vetches 236

14 Table 6. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Sugarcane. States Ranking Florida Puerto Rico 1 Fall panicum Nutsedges 2 Spiny amaranth Crabgrasses 3 Nutsedges (purple and yellow) Itchgrass 4 Goosegrass Guineagrass 5 Crabgrasses Johnsongrass 6 American black nightshade Junglerice 7 Alligatorweed Wild poinsettia 8 Sorghum almum Pigweeds 9 Guineagrass Morningglories 10 Napiergrass Bermudagrass 1 Guineagrass Itchgrass 2 Bermudagrass Johnsongrass 3 Alexandergrass Guineagrass 4 Napiergrass Alexandergrass 5 Alligatorweed Goosegrass 6 Fall panicum Bermudagrass 7 Balsam apple Crabgrasses 8 Sorghum almum Purple nutsedge 9 Nutsedges (purple and yellow) Paragrass 10 Red sprangletop 237

15 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Turf. Ranking Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Annual bluegrass Crabgrasses Crabgrasses 2 Crabgrasses Goosegrass Annual bluegrass 3 Goosegrass Cyperus spp. Henbit 4 Spurges Pennywort Common chickweed 5 Henbit Lawn burweed Dallisgrass 6 Nutsedges Phyllanthus spp. Goosegrass 7 Wild garlic Annual bluegrass Common lespedeza 8 Chickweeds Tropical signalgrass Sedges 9 Dandelion Sandburs Wild garlic 10 Lawn burweed Spurges Bahiagrass 1 Virginia buttonweed Virginia buttonweed Virginia buttonweed 2 Torpedograss Phyllanthus spp. Sedges 3 Ground ivy Torpedograss Dallisgrass 4 Dallisgrass Goosegrass Violets 5 Nutsedges Crabgrasses Annual bluegrass 6 Tufted lovegrass Florida betony Doveweed 7 Wild violet Annual bluegrass Phyllanthus spp. 8 Florida betony Doveweed Tall fescue 9 Goosegrass Cyperus spp. Bermudagrass 10 Wild garlic Bermudagrass Florida betony 238

16 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Turf (continued). Ranking Kentucky Louisiana North Carolina 1 Large crabgrass Crabgrasses Bluegrasses 2 Dandelion Virginia buttonweed Crabgrasses (smooth, large) 3 Broadleaf plantain Dallisgrass Chickweeds 4 White clover Purple nutsedge Henbit 5 Common chickweed Goosegrass Goosegrass 6 Henbit Bermudagrass Dallisgrass 7 Wild violet Dollarweed Clovers (white, hop) 8 Nimblewill White clover Dandelion 9 Dallisgrass Bahiagrass Wild garlic 10 Yellow nutsedge Annual bluegrass Cudweeds 1 Nimblewill Dallisgrass Dallisgrass 2 Wild violet Virginia buttonweed Bluegrasses 3 Virginia buttonweed Bermudagrass Bermudagrass 4 Annual bluegrass Torpedograss Kyllinga spp. (green, falsegreen) 5 Star-of-Bethlehem Goosegrass Bahiagrass 6 Dallisgrass Dollarweed Crabgrasses (smooth, large) 7 Bermudagrass Doveweed Goosegrass 8 Common lespedeza Common lespedeza Nutsedges 9 Ground ivy Dichondra Violets (common blue, field pansy) 10 Yellow nutsedge Annual bluegrass Henbit 239

17 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Turf (continued). States Ranking Puerto Rico Tennessee 1 Bermudagrass Bermudagrass 2 Sour paspalum Dallisgrass 3 Sensitive plant White clover 4 Garden spurge Crabgrasses 5 Tall fringe rush Annual bluegrass 6 Green kyllinga Goosegrass 7 Goosegrass Wild garlic 8 Nutsedges Virginia buttonweed 9 Florida beggarweed Henbit/deadnettle 10 Fingergrass Common chickweed Ten Most Troublesome Weeds 1 Nutsedges Dallisgrass 2 Bermudagrass Annual bluegrass 3 Sour paspalum Virginia buttonweed 4 Tall fringe rush Nimblewill 5 Green kyllinga Bermudagrass 6 Sensitive plant Purple nutsedge 7 Goosegrass Wild garlic 8 Florida beggarweed Tufted lovegrass 9 Garden spurge Goosegrass 10 Fingergrass Broadleaf signalgrass 240

18 Table 8. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Wheat. Ranking Alabama Florida Kentucky 1 Mustards Wild radish Wild garlic 2 Italian ryegrass Wild mustard Common chickweed 3 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Italian ryegrass Purple deadnettle 4 Wild radish Carolina geranium Henbit 5 Henbit Cutleaf eveningprimrose Shepherdspurse 6 Chickweeds Henbit Virginia pepperweed 7 Wild garlic Virginia pepperweed Horseweed (Marestail) 8 Virginia pepperweed Chickweeds Italian ryegrass 9 Curly dock Cudweeds Philadelphia fleabane 10 Little barley Wild garlic Mouseear chickweed 1 Wild radish Wild radish Italian ryegrass 2 Wild garlic Wild mustard Hairy chess 3 Italian ryegrass Italian ryegrass Cheat 4 Mustards Cutleaf eveningprimrose Wild garlic 5 Henbit Carolina geranium Star-of-Bethlehem 6 Chickweeds Wild garlic Curly dock 7 Little barley Henbit Cornflower 8 Curly dock Musk thistle 9 Virginia pepperweed Speedwells 10 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Annual bluegrass 241

19 Table 8. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Wheat (continued). Ranking Georgia North Carolina South Carolina 1 Henbit Common chickweed Wild radish 2 Wild radish Henbit Common chickweed 3 Chickweeds Italian ryegrass Henbit 4 Cudweeds Mouseear chickweed Italian ryegrass 5 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Wild radish Wild garlic 6 Annual ryegrass Shepherdspurse Annual bluegrass 7 Swinecress Curly dock Cutleaf eveningprimrose 8 Wild garlic/onion Wild mustard Wild mustard 9 Annual bluegrass Annual bluegrass Little barley 10 Little barley Swinecress Vetches 1 Annual ryegrass Italian ryegrass Italian ryegrass 2 Annual bluegrass Annual bluegrass Henbit 3 Wild radish Wild garlic Cutleaf eveningprimrose 4 Henbit Wild radish Wild radish 5 Chickweeds Field pansy Common chickweed 6 Wild garlic/onion Vetch spp. Wild garlic 7 Swinecress Henbit Speedwells 8 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Curly dock Little barley 9 Cudweeds Cornflower Wild mustard 10 Little barley Cutleaf eveningprimrose Vetches 242

20 Table 8. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Wheat (continued). State Ranking Tennessee 1 Henbit 2 Purple deadnettle 3 Italian ryegrass 4 Bluegrass 5 Chickweeds 6 Wild garlic 7 Horseweed 8 Little barley 9 Carolina foxtail 10 Groundsel 1 Italian ryegrass 2 Henbit 3 Purple deadnettle 4 Wild garlic 5 Bluegrass 6 Chickweeds 7 Field pennycress 8 Horseweed 9 Little barley 10 Carolina foxtail/cutleaf eveningprimrose 243