WEED SURVEY SOUTHERN STATES. Vegetable, Fruit and Nut Crops Subsection

Transcription

1 WEED SURVEY SOUTHERN STATES 2006 Vegetable, Fruit and Nut Crops Subsection (Cucurbits, Fruiting Vegetables, Cole Crops and Greens, Other Vegetables, Peaches, Apples, Fruits and Nuts, Citrus Crops) Theodore M. Webster Chairperson Information in this report is provided by the following individuals: Alabama Mike Patterson Bobby Boozer Arkansas Nilda Burgos Georgia A. Stanley Culpepper Wayne Mitchem Kentucky J. D. Green J. R. Martin John Strang Louisiana James E. Boudreaux North Carolina David Monks Wayne Mitchem Oklahoma Lynn Brandenberger Eric Stafne Puerto Rico Nelson Semidey Maria de L. Lugo South Carolina Jason Norsworthy Wayne Mitchem 260

2 Table 1. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Apples. Ranking Alabama Georgia North Carolina and South Carolina 1 Crabgrass Large crabgrass Large crabgrass 2 Pigweed Common lambsquarters Common lambsquarters 3 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Smooth pigweed Smooth pigweed 4 Bermudagrass White clover White clover 5 Prickly sida Buckhorn plantain Buckhorn plantain 6 Ragweed Morningglory Morningglory 7 Common lambsquarters Carolina geranium Carolina geranium 8 Yellow nutsedge Dandelion Dandelion 9 Purple nutsedge Common chickweed Common chickweed 10 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Fall panicum Fall panicum 1 Blackberry Mugwort Mugwort 2 Southern dewberry Poison ivy Poison ivy 3 Yellow nutsedge Yellow nutsedge Yellow nutsedge 4 Purple nutsedge Bramble Bramble 5 Prickly sida Bermudagrass Bermudagrass 6 Ragweed Dallisgrass Dallisgrass 7 Common lambsquarters Morningglory Morningglory 8 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Johnsongrass Johnsongrass 9 Bermudagrass Horsenettle Horsenettle 10 Bahiagrass Virginia creeper Virginia creeper 261

3 Table 2. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Citrus. States Ranking Puerto Rico Louisiana 1 Guineagrass Bristly mallow 2 Spreading dayflower Bermudagrass 3 Dumbcane Johnsongrass 4 Alexandergrass Pigweed 5 Morningglory Crabgrass 6 Balsamapple Morningglory 7 Bermudagrass Peppervine 8 Hairy grass Trumpetcreeper 9 Dearly vines Cutleaf eveningprimrose 10 Mikania (falso guaco) Purslane 1 Dumbcane Bristly mallow 2 Bermudagrass Bermudagrass 3 Mikania (falso guaco) Johnsongrass 4 Gully root Peppervine 5 Spreading dayflower Pigweed 6 Sour paspalum Crabgrass 7 Alexandergrass Morningglory 8 Red sprangletop Trumpetcreeper 9 Morningglory Cutleaf eveningprimrose 10 Guineagrass Purslane 262

4 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Cole Crops and Greens. Ranking Alabama Arkansas Georgia 1 Annual ryegrass Pigweed Henbit 2 Virginia pepperweed Velvetleaf Cutleaf eveningprimrose 3 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Common cocklebur Chickweed 4 Carolina geranium Wild radish 5 Henbit Pink purslane 6 Common lambsquarters Pigweed 7 Vetch Florida pusley 8 Chickweed Texas panicum 9 Wild radish Swinecress 10 Purslane Nutsedge 1 Wild radish Pigweed Wild radish 2 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Velvetleaf Yellow nutsedge 3 Carolina geranium Common cocklebur Purple nutsedge 4 Henbit Cutleaf eveningprimrose 5 Vetch Morningglory (Ipomoea) 6 Chickweed Pink purslane 7 Common lambsquarters Pigweed 8 Virginia pepperweed Swinecress 9 Annual ryegrass Henbit 10 Purslane Chickweed 263

5 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Cole Crops and Greens (continued). Ranking Kentucky Louisiana Oklahoma 1 Large crabgrass Pigweeds Henbit 2 Foxtail Crabgrass Shepherdspurse 3 Eastern black nightshade Purslane Common lambsquarters 4 Common lambsquarters Chickweed Mustard 5 Horseweed Bermudagrass Cutleaf eveningprimrose 6 Johnsongrass Johnsongrass Volunteer wheat 7 Yellow nutsedge Annual bluegrass Pigweed 8 Ivyleaf morningglory Cutleaf eveningprimrose Volunteer potato 9 Horsenettle Henbit Common cocklebur 10 Common purslane Johnsongrass 1 Redroot pigweed Purslane Henbit 2 Johnsongrass Annual bluegrass Shepherdspurse 3 Horsenettle Johnsongrass Common lambsquarters 4 Eastern black nightshade Bermudagrass Mustard 5 Large crabgrass Chickweed spp Cutleaf eveningprimrose 6 Common lambsquarters Cutleaf eveningprimrose Volunteer wheat 7 Yellow nutsedge Henbit Pigweed 8 Field bindweed Pigweeds spp Volunteer potato 9 Ivyleaf morningglory Crabgrass spp Common cocklebur 10 Horseweed Johnsongrass 264

6 Table 3. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Cole Crops and Greens (continued). States Ranking Puerto Rico South Carolina 1 Nutsedge Carpetweed 2 Morningglory Common purslane 3 Spider flower Goosegrass 4 Jimsonweed Common lambsquarters 5 Pigweed Hairy nightshade 6 Ragweed parthenium Wild radish 7 Junglerice Shepherdspurse 8 Goosegrass Henbit 9 Hogweed Yellow nutsedge 10 Wild poinsettia Cutleaf eveningprimrose 1 Nutsedge Cutleaf eveningprimrose 2 Morningglory Yellow nutsedge 3 Goosegrass Palmer amaranth 4 Ragweed parthenium Goosegrass 5 Hogweed Carpetweed 6 Pigweed Henbit 7 Spiny amaranth Hairy nightshade 8 Purslane Common lambsquarters 9 Eclipta Common purslane 10 Itchgrass Wild radish 265

7 Table 4. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Cucurbit Crops. Ranking Alabama Arkansas a Georgia 1 Sicklepod Pigweed Florida pusley 2 Crabgrass Velvetleaf Texas panicum 3 Pigweed Common cocklebur Pigweed 4 Florida pusley Yellow nutsedge 5 Yellow nutsedge Purple nutsedge 6 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Smallflower Morningglory 7 Purple nutsedge Morningglory (Ipomoea) 8 Florida beggarweed Pink purslane 9 Smallflower morningglory Crabgrass 10 Arrowleaf sida Florida beggarweed 1 Yellow nutsedge Pigweed Purple nutsedge 2 Sicklepod Velvetleaf Yellow nutsedge 3 Purple nutsedge Common cocklebur Pink purslane 4 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Morningglory (Ipomoea) 5 Tropic croton Smallflower morningglory 6 Smallflower morningglory Sicklepod 7 Wild radish Pigweed 8 Arrowleaf sida Florida pusley 9 Florida pusley Texas panicum 10 Pigweed Florida beggarweed a Surveyed region includes Arkansas River Valley, Arkansas-Oklahoma border, and Northwest Arkansas-Missouri border. 266

8 Table 4. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Cucurbit Crops (continued). Ranking Kentucky Louisiana North Carolina b 1 Large crabgrass Pigweed Palmer amaranth 2 Foxtail Crabgrass Carpetweed 3 Common ragweed Morningglory Large crabgrass 4 Common lambsquarters Purslane Smooth pigweed 5 Horseweed Purple nutsedge Yellow nutsedge 6 Johnsongrass Bermudagrass Common purslane 7 Yellow nutsedge Entireleaf morningglory 8 Ivyleaf morningglory Purple nutsedge 9 Horsenettle Pitted morningglory 10 Prickly sida/teaweed Prickly sida 1 Yellow nutsedge Purslane Palmer amaranth 2 Horsenettle Purple nutsedge Yellow nutsedge 3 Field bindweed Bermudagrass Purple nutsedge 4 Johnsongrass Morningglory Florida pusley 5 Bigroot morningglory Pigweed Smooth pigweed 6 Large crabgrass Crabgrass Wild radish 7 Ivyleaf morningglory Entireleaf morningglory 8 Horsweed Goosegrass 9 Redroot pigweed Sicklepod 10 Trumpetcreeper Common cocklebur b This survey refers to watermelon and squash for North Carolina. 267

9 Table 4. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Cucurbit Crops (continued). Ranking North Carolina c Oklahoma Puerto Rico 1 Palmer amaranth Pigweed Nutsedge 2 Carpetweed Large crabgrass Wild poinsettia 3 Large crabgrass Carpetweed Pigweed 4 Goosegrass Horsenettle Junglerice 5 Smooth pigweed Yellow nutsedge Ragweed parthenium 6 Yellow nutsedge Morningglory Crabgrass 7 Common purslane Bermudagrass Itchgrass 8 Entireleaf morningglory Tropic croton Jimsonweed 9 Purple nutsedge Johnsongrass Morningglory 10 Common cocklebur Eclipta Johnsongrass 1 Palmer amaranth Horsenettle Nutsedge 2 Florida pusley Yellow nutsedge Morningglory 3 Smooth pigweed Pigweed Wild poinsettia 4 Common purslane Buffalobur Ragweed parthenium 5 Pink purslane Tropic croton Hogweed 6 Entireleaf morningglory Woolly croton Pigweed 7 Sicklepod Morningglory Spiny amaranth 8 Wild radish Crownbeard Purslane 9 Common cocklebur Large crabgrass Itchgrass 10 Goosegrass Eclipta Johnsongrass d This survey refers to cucumber and cantaloupe for North Carolina. 268

10 Table 5. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Fruit and Nut Crops. Ranking Alabama a Louisiana Georgia b 1 Bahiagrass Bermudagrass Large crabgrass 2 Bermudagrass Johnsongrass Common lambsquarters 3 Crabgrass Bahiagrass Smooth pigweed 4 Pigweed Bristly mallow Dandelion 5 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Brambles Buckhorn plantain 6 Florida pusley Purple nutsedge Carolina geranium 7 Nutsedge Peppervine Common chickweed 8 Plantain Morningglory White clover 9 Ragweed Cutleaf eveningprimrose Fall panicum 10 Curly dock Henbit Horsenettle 1 Blackberry Bermudagrass Yellow nutsedge 2 Southern dewberry Johnsongrass Virginia creeper 3 Nutsedge Bahiagrass Horsenettle 4 Arrowleaf sida Brambles Bermudagrass 5 Trumpetcreeper Bristly mallow Dallisgrass 6 Vetch Purple nutsedge Morningglory (Ipomoea) 7 Spotted spurge Peppervine Smallflower morningglory 8 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Moringglory Dandelion 9 Bahiagrass Cutleaf eveningprimrose Johnsongrass 10 Bermudagrass Henbit Bramble a This survey refers primarily to Pecan for Alabama. b This survey refers to Grape for Georgia. 269

11 Table 5. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Fruit and Nut Crops (continued). Ranking Oklahoma c North Carolina d South Carolina d 1 Pigweed Large crabgrass Large crabgrass 2 Common ragweed Common lambsquarters Common lambsquarters 3 Giant ragweed Smooth pigweed Smooth pigweed 4 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Dandelion Dandelion 5 Johnsongrass Buckhorn plantain Buckhorn plantain 6 Bermudagrass Carolina geranium Carolina geranium 7 Crabgrass Common chickweed Common chickweed 8 Nutsedge White clover White clover 9 Trumpetcreeper Fall panicum Fall panicum 10 Nightshade Horsenettle Horsenettle 1 Bermudagrass Yellow nutsedge Yellow nutsedge 2 Nutsedge Virginia creeper Virginia creeper 3 Poison ivy Horsenettle Horsenettle 4 Nightshade Bermudagrass Bermudagrass 5 Dock Dallisgrass Dallisgrass 6 Smartweed Morningglory (Ipomoea) Morningglory (Ipomoea) 7 Morningglory Smallflower morningglory Smallflower morningglory 8 Trumpetcreeper Dandelion Dandelion 9 Nettle Johnsongrass Johnsongrass 10 Giant ragweed Bramble Bramble C This survey refers to Pecan for Oklahoma. D This survey refers to Grape for North Carolina and South Carolina. 270

12 Table 6. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Fruiting Vegetables. Ranking Alabama Georgia Kentucky 1 Crabgrass Texas panicum Large crabgrass 2 Sicklepod Pigweed Foxtail 3 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Florida pusley Common ragweed 4 Yellow nutsedge Yellow nutsedge Common lambsquarters 5 Purple nutsedge Purple nutsedge Horseweed 6 Pigweed Crabgrass Johnsongrass 7 Florida pusley Smallflower Yellow nutsedge morningglory 8 Florida beggarweed Morningglory (Ipomoea) Ivyleaf morningglory 9 Bristly starbur Pink purslane Horsenettle 10 Arrowleaf sida Goosegrass Common purslane 1 Yellow nutsedge Purple nutsedge Johnsongrass 2 Purple nutsedge Yellow nutsedge Horseweed 3 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Morningglory (Ipomoea) Yellow nutsedge 4 Horsenettle Smallflower Eastern black nightshade morningglory 5 Tropic croton Sicklepod Large crabgrass 6 Spotted spurge Nightshade Field bindweed 7 Smartweed Pigweed Common lambsquarters 8 Bristly starbur Florida pusley Ivyleaf morningglory 9 Florida beggarweed Bristly starbur Horsenettle 10 Arrowleaf sida Florida beggarweed Common purslane 271

13 Table 6. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Fruiting Vegetables (continued). Ranking Louisiana North Carolina a North Carolina b 1 Purple nutsedge Carpetweed Carpetweed 2 Purslane Common purslane Common purslane 3 Crabgrass Large crabgrass Large crabgrass 4 Pigweed Goosegrass Goosegrass 5 Morningglory Common lambsquarters Common lambsquarters 6 Bermudagrass Smooth pigweed Smooth pigweed 7 Johnsongrass Yellow nutsedge Yellow nutsedge 8 Purple nutsedge Purple nutsedge 9 Eastern black nightshade Eastern black nightshade 10 Cutleaf groundcherry Cutleaf groundcherry 1 Purple nutsedge Yellow nutsedge Palmer amaranth 2 Purslane Purple nutsedge Common lambsquarters 3 Morningglory Palmer amaranth Smooth pigweed 4 Pigweed Common lambsquarters Common purslane 5 Crabgrass Smooth pigweed Entireleaf morningglory 6 Bermudagrass Common purslane Yellow nutsedge 7 Johnsongrass Pink purslane Purple nutsedge 8 Entireleaf morningglory Hairy galinsoga 9 Sicklepod Wild radish 10 Wild radish Sicklepod a This survey refers to pepper for North Carolina. b This survey refers to tomato for North Carolina. 272

14 Table 6. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Fruiting Vegetables (continued). State Ranking Puerto Rico South Carolina 1 Nutsedge Palmer amaranth 2 Morningglory Goosegrass 3 Spiderflower Florida pusley 4 Jimsonweed Large crabgrass 5 Pigweed Yellow nutsedge 6 Ragweed parthenium Morningglory 7 Crabgrass Hairy galinsoga 8 Itchgrass Purple nutsedge 9 Hogweed Texas panicum 10 Wild poinsettia Nightshade 1 Nutsedge Yellow nutsedge 2 Morningglory Purple nutsedge 3 Wild poinsettia Palmer amaranth 4 Ragweed parthenium Hairy galinsoga 5 Hogweed Arrowleaf sida 6 Pigweed Nightshade 7 Spiny amaranth Morningglory 8 Purslane Goosegrass 9 Spiderflower Texas panicum 10 Johnsongrass Large crabgrass 273

15 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Other Vegetable Crops. Ranking Arkansas a Arkansas b Georgia 1 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Pigweed Pigweed 2 Pigweed Velvetleaf Florida pusley 3 Johnsongrass Eastern black nightshade Texas panicum 4 Prickly sida Hophornbeam Yellow nutsedge copperleaf 5 Crabgrass Punturevine Smallflower morningglory 6 Common ragweed Buffalobur Sicklepod 7 Yellow nutsedge Common lambsquarters Morningglory (Ipomoea) 8 Bermudagrass Crabgrass 9 Sicklepod Florida beggarweed 10 Pennsylvania smartweed Pink purslane 1 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Pigweed Yellow nutsedge 2 Pigweed Velvetleaf Purple nutsedge 3 Johnsongrass Eastern black nightshade Pigweed 4 Prickly sida Hophornbeam copperleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea) 5 Crabgrass Punturevine Sicklepod 6 Common ragweed Buffalobur Smallflower morningglory 7 Yellow nutsedge Common lambsquarters Florida pusley 8 Bermudagrass Texas panicum 9 Sicklepod Pink purslane 10 Pennsylvania smartweed Wild radish a Survey of vegetable growers close to the Mississippi River Delta. b Surveyed crops include snapbean and southernpea. 274

16 Table 7. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Other Vegetable Crops (continued). Ranking Louisiana North Carolina a Puerto Rico 1 Pigweed Palmer amaranth Nutsedge 2 Crabgrass Carpetweed Wild poinsettia 3 Purslane Yellow nutsedge Spiderflower 4 Morningglory Large crabgrass Johnsongrass 5 Purple nutsedge Goosegrass Pigweed 6 Johnsongrass Smooth pigweed Junglerice 7 Bermudagrass Common lambsquarters Crabgrass 8 Annual bluegrass Common purslane Goosegrass 9 Pennsylvania smartweed Hogweed 10 Smooth groundcherry Morningglory 1 Purslane Palmer amaranth Nutsedge 2 Purple nutsedge Yellow nutsedge Morningglory 3 Bermudagrass Smooth pigweed Goosegrass 4 Morningglory Common lambsquarters Ragweed parthenium 5 Johnsongrass Common purslane Johnsongrass 6 Pigweed Florida pusley Pigweed 7 Crabgrass Pennsylvania smartweed Itchgrass 8 Annual bluegrass Wild radish Purslane 9 Entireleaf morningglory Eclipta 10 Smooth groundcherry Junglerice a This survey refers to sweet potato in North Carolina. 275

17 Table 8. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Peaches. Ranking Alabama Georgia Louisiana 1 Crabgrass Large crabgrass Bristly mallow 2 Pigweed Goosegrass Bermudagrass 3 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Palmer amaranth Johnsongrass 4 Horseweed Common lambsquarters Crabgrass 5 Prickly sida Cutleaf eveningprimrose Pigweed 6 Nutsedge Common chickweed Bramble 7 Plantain Florida pusley Bahiagrass 8 Florida pusley Bermudagrass Henbit 9 Arrowleaf sida Henbit Cutleaf eveningprimrose 10 Curly dock Horseweed 1 Blackberry Yellow nutsedge Bristly mallow 2 Bermudagrass Purple nutsedge Bermudagrass 3 Yellow nutsedge Bahiagrass Johnsongrass 4 Purple nutsedge Bermudagrass Bramble 5 Ragweed Bramble Crabgrass 6 Curly dock Virginia creeper Pigweed 7 Morningglory (Ipomoea) Palmer amaranth Bahiagrass 8 Florida pusley Johnsongrass Henbit 9 Arrowleaf sida Horsenettle Cutleaf eveningprimrose 10 Bahiagrass Morningglory 276

18 Table 8. The Southern States 10 Most Common and Troublesome Weeds in Peaches (continued). Ranking North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina 1 Large crabgrass Bermudagrass Large crabgrass 2 Goosegrass Johnsongrass Goosegrass 3 Palmer amaranth Foxtail Palmer amaranth 4 Common lambsquarters Nightshade Common lambsquarters 5 Cutleaf eveningprimrose Sandbur Cutleaf eveningprimrose 6 Common chickweed Honeyvine milkweed Common chickweed 7 Florida pusley Horseweed Florida pusley 8 Bermudagrass Crabgrass Bermudagrass 9 Henbit Cutleaf eveningprimrose Henbit 10 Horseweed Morningglory Horseweed 1 Yellow nutsedge Bermudagrass Yellow nutsedge 2 Purple nutsedge Johnsongrass Purple nutsedge 3 Bahiagrass Nightshade Bahiagrass 4 Bermudagrass Sandbur Bermudagrass 5 Bramble Honeyvine milkweed Bramble 6 Virginia creeper Cutleaf eveningprimrose Virginia creeper 7 Palmer amaranth Morningglory Palmer amaranth 8 Johnsongrass Goosegrass Johnsongrass 9 Horsenettle Nutsedge Horsenettle 10 Morningglory Horseweed Morningglory 277