PRE & POST Herbicide Strategies of Lawns and Athletic Fields Fred Yelverton, PhD
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1 PRE & POST Herbicide Strategies of Lawns and Athletic Fields Fred Yelverton, PhD
2 TurfFiles Find this presentation and more online Sign-up for Turf ALERTS Learn about turfgrass pests: Weeds Insects Diseases Identify your turf or weed species using Decision Aids
3 TurfFiles
4 Old Herbicides EPA Proposed Bans: MSMA, DSMA, CMA
5 Sulfonylurea Herbicides (SUs) Metsulfuron (Manor/Blade) Chlorsulfuron (Corsair) Halosulfuron (Manage) foramsulfuron (Revolver) rimsulfuron (Tranxit) sulfosulfuron (Certainty) Trifloxysulfuron (Monument) Flazasulfuron
6 Other New Herbicides Bispyribac (Velocity) Carfentrazone (Quicksilver) Sulfentrazone (Dismiss) Quinclorac (Drive) Fluoxypyr (in various 3-ways) Mesotrione (Tenacity) Echelon (Dismiss + Prodiamine)
7 Manage now sold by SedgeHammer Was sold by Monsanto now sold by Gowan Same product
8 Water Droplet + Herbicide no surfactant leaf cuticle - waxy epidermis
9 lipophilic tail (water hating) hydrophilic head (water loving) Water Droplet + Herbicide with surfactant leaf cuticle - waxy epidermis
10 % Control Effects of Air Temperature on Tall Fescue Control with Roundup Pro 1% v/v Application Temp NCSU Turfgrass Field Lab, 1998
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12 Tenacity 4SC Registration Timing EPA granted registration December 14, 2007 for golf and sod Anticipate residential and commercial labels in early 2008 State Registrations 1-2 months after federal registration with normal state review delays NY, FL, MA, etc.a CA submission will be delayed. Market launch for golf and sod will occur in 1 st Q 2008.
13 Mesotrione (Tenacity) Mesotrione is a member of the triketone family of herbicides with broad-spectrum, selective, post-emergence and pre-emergence control of broad-leaved and grass weeds Mesotrione acts by inhibition of HPPD, an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of plastoquinone, a co-factor which is required for carotenoid production HPPD = p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase O O NO 2 structure of mesotrione O S O 2 C H 3
14 Absorbed by plants through roots, shoots and leaves. Tenacity Distributed throughout the plant by both xylem and phloem translocation within 24-hrs (systemic) Foliar symptoms (bleaching) in 5-7-days Crabgrass Tolerant turfgrass species quickly metabolize Tenacity and are unaffected.
15 Tenacity A new chemical class Triketones Active ingredient 40% Mesotrione Formulation 4SC Signal word Caution For Use by Professional Applicators Do not enter treated areas until spray has dried
16 Technical Attributes University testing since 2001 Weed control at seeding Selective control of key weeds Bentgrass, nimblewill, crabgrass, goosegrass, lovegrass (grass in grass) Foundation product: key tank-mix partner with Atrazine, Barricade TM, Dicamba, Turflon-ester Pre and Post emergence activity
17 Tenacity Applications Labeled on Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, centipedegrass, perennial ryegrass* and fine fescue* Apply to established turf with no seeding restrictions Apply prior to or at seeding to labeled species (except fine fescue). *Reduced rates on these species or as >50% of turf composition. No more than 20% FF in blend for use at seeding.
18 34 Dicot and 11 Monocot Species on Tenacity Label Including: Crabgrass spp. Speedwell Goosegrass Lawn burweed Nimblewill Dandelion spp. Bentgrass Canada thistle Oxalis Yellow nutsedge Buckhorn plantain Yellow foxtail Clover spp. Ground Ivy This list will expand as research and commercial use find new species.
19 Turfgrasses Not Tolerant to Tenacity Bentgrass Zoysiagrass Bermudagrass (moderate tolerance)
20 Mesotrione injury on zoysiagrass
21 Main Point to Remember About Tenacity Always requires at least two applications (splits)
22 Tenacity Use Rates 5 to 8oz/A = Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, centipedegrass 5oz/A = Perennial ryegrass, fine fescue Repeat applications at 2-3 weeks when applied alone Maximum of 16oz/A per year or crop (whichever is shorter) Apply in gal/a water and add a NIS for post-emergence applications
23 % Control Crenshaw Bentgrass Control in Tall Fescue Tenacity X Tenacity X Tenacity X 3 65 Tenacity fb fb Tenacity X Fusilade X 2 Fus + Out X 2 LSD= Data collected April , 190 DAIT. Rates are lb ai per acre. Outplay 4SC contained NIS and were made Oct 11, Oct 26, Nov 08, and Nov 17 as noted. Fusilade containing treatments contained Crop Oil were applied
24 Nontreated photo taken
25 Tenacity fb fb fb photo taken
26 Bentgrass Contamination
27 Bentgrass Reduction after 3 Fall Applications of Mesotrione at lbs ai/a Untreated Treated with Mesotrione
28 Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi)
29 % Control Selective control of Nimblewill in Tall Fescue Repeat applications at 4 week intervals Nimblewill White Clover Tenacity 2apps lb ai/a Tenacity 2apps lb ai/a Trimec Classic 1qt/A
30 Escalade 2 Bermuda, Zoysia, Bahia, KY Bluegrass, Ryegrass, Fescue, Bent (not greens). Also St. Augustine on Sod Farms (except Floratam). 2,4-D: 3.2 lbs/gal, Fluroxypyr: 0.4 lbs/gal, Dicamba: 0.4 lbs/gal
31 % Control Purple Deadnettle, Common Chickweed and Carolina Geranium Control LSD (p =.05) LAMPU STEME GERCA Tri-Power 3 pt/a Triplet SF 3.5 pt/a Escalade II 3 pt/a Check 2006: Sampson County (Applied Feb 24; Evaluated Mar 29)
32 How do they compare?
33 Weed Control With Preemergence Herbicides Herbicides do not prevent weeds from germinating, they kill weeds as they grow through the herbicide
34 Weed Control With Preemergence Herbicides Large gaps in herbicide barriers result in weed escapes.
35 PRE Smooth Crabgrass Control With Barricade Treatment Lbs AI/A % Control Nontreated -- 0 Barricade 65 WG Barricade 0.5 G Barricade 0.29 G LSD Experimental Barricade Formulations Hidden Valley GC, Applied March 4, evaluated Sept. 26
36 Size of Particle is Critical
37 Uniformity of Particle Size
38 Coverage with Granular vs Spray
39 Particles Have A Sphere of Influence
40 Particles Have A Sphere of Influence
41
42 Crabgrass Control with Dimension Impregnated on Fertilizer # particles/g 0.25 lbs ai/a 0.5 lbs ai/a Kelly and Coats, MSU (unpublished data)
43 % Control PRE Control of Crabgrass Pendimeth DG 3 lb ai Pendimeth G 3 lb ai Barricade WG.75 lb ai Ronstar WP 3 lb ai 40 Ronstar G 3 lb ai 20 0 Ratings taken Sept 19. Rates are per acre applied 3-1. Thorndale CC, 2002
44 How do they compare?
45 % Control Smooth Crabgrass Control in Tall Fescue 100 LSD=33 (P=0.05) Barricade 65WG Barricade 4F Dimension 1EC Dim Ultra 40WP Pendulum 60DF Pend. Aqua Cap 3.8CS Nontreated 0 Single Application Split Application Evaluations collected , 196 DAIT. Treatments applied: Mar 04 and April 26
46 % Control Smooth Crabgrass Control in Bermudagrass 100 LSD=17 (P=0.05) Barricade 65WG Barricade 4F Dimension 1EC Dim Ultra 40WP Pendulum 60DF Pend. Aqua Cap 3.8CS Nontreated 0 Single Application Split Application Evaluations collected , 189 DAIT. Treatments applied: Mar 04 and May 04
47 % Control Smooth Crabgrass Control in Tall Fescue 100 LSD=30 (P=0.05) Barricade 65WG Barricade 4F Dimension 1EC Dim Ultra 40WP Pendulum 60DF Pend. Aqua Cap 3.8CS Nontreated 0 Single Application Split Application Evaluations collected , 186 DAIT. Treatments applied: Mar 04 and April 28
48 % Control Smooth Crabgrass Control in Bermudagrass 100 LSD=16 (P=0.05) Barricade 65WG Barricade 4F Dimension 1EC Dim Ultra 40WP Pendulum 60DF Pend. Aqua Cap 3.8CS Nontreated 0 Single Application Split Application Evaluations collected , 191 DAIT. Treatments applied: Mar 04 and April 28
49 Preemergent Control of Large Crabgrass Herbicides evaluated: Barricade 65WG (0.75 or 0.5 fb 0.25 lb ai/a) Dimension Ultra 40WP (0.5 or 0.25 fb 0.25 lb ai/a) Ronstar 2G (3 or 1.5 fb 1.5 lb ai/a) Pendulum AquaCap 3.8CS (3 or 1.5 fb 1.5 lb ai/a) Surflan 4FL (3 or 1.5 fb 1.5 lb ai/a) Team Pro 0.86G (3 or 1.5 fb 1.5 lb ai/a)
50 Preemergent Control of Large Crabgrass Verticut / slit seeded / broadcasted 3.5lbs crabgrass/1000ft 2-3/7/2007 Initial application 3/13/07 Sequential application 5/15/07
51 PRE Crabgrass Control with Single and Split Applications Split Application Single Application 61 d c bc bc bc bc c abc ab 100 abc 100 a a Team Pro Surflan Pendulum AquaCap Ronstar Dimension Ultra Barricade % Control Data Collected , LSD (P=0.05) 186 DAIT, Initial App , Second App , Sandhills Research Station, Sodman 90/10 (mixture w/bluegrass)
52 Effect of Mowing Height on Large Crabgrass Incidence 3.5lbs Crabgrass/1000ft 2 on March 7, 2007 Mowing Heights initiated when soil temperatures reached 55 F Mowed every 4 days thereafter
53 Effect of Mowing Height on Large Crabgrass Incidence Bermudagrass mowing heights 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.0 Tall fescue mowing heights 1, 2, 3, 4
54 Effect of Tall Fescue Mowing Height on Crabgrass Incidence % Crabgrass a 74 a b " 2.0" 3.0" 4.0" Mowing Height 0 c Data Collected: , LSD (P=0.05), Sandhills Research Station, Sodman 90/10 (mixture w/ bluegrass)
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56 Dismiss Turf Herbicide 4L (sufentrazone)
57 Dismiss (sulfentrazone) Rates for single applications Creeping bent, fine fescue, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass lbs ai/a Ky blue, bahiagrass, carpetgrass, centipedegrass, kikuyugrass, seashore paspalum, zoysiagrass, buffalograss Common and hybrid bermudagrass 0.25 lbs ai/a lbs ai/a
58 Echelon (prodiamine + sulfentrazone) Will be available this spring 0.3G and liquid form. Available 0.2 prodiamine sulfentrazone Warm and cool-season applications
59 % Control Preemergent Smooth Crabgrass Control Early September lb ai 0.25 lb ai lb ai Dismiss 4F Echelon L Echelon G Barricade 65WG lb ai sulfentrazone per acre LSD = 13.8 Dismiss and Echelon rates are lb ai sulfentrazone per acre. PRE treatments were applied Evaluated rates of Echelon provided 0.38, 0.5 and 0.75 lb ai prodiamine. Comparison Barricade rates mimicked prodiamine contained in Echelon
60 Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)
61 % Control Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control c 84 bc 93 abc 97 a 82 c sulfent d sulfent sulfent WAIT 5 e sulfent fb sulfent fb 0.25 Manage 1.3 oz Manage 0.25 fb Rates are per acre. Sequential applications applied 7 weeks after initial treatment. Falling Creek Country Club
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63 Turfgrass Tolerance to Tenacity Tall Fescue KY Bluegrass Perennial Ryegrass Centipedegrass St Augustinegrass
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