Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 Class: Date: Anatomy Final Exam Review: This review is an overview, and does not represent a complete copy of the final exam, nor is it an exhaustive listing of topics from this year. Directions: Complete this Exam Review, and Bring it with you on Final Exam Day, to earn 5 Extra Credit points added to your Anatomy Final Exam Score. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory? a. Cells are the basic units of life. b. All living things are made of cells. c. Very few cells reproduce. d. All cells are produced by existing cells. 2. The cell theory applies to a. bacteria. c. multicellular organisms. b. plants and animals. d. all of the above 3. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know? a. The cell lacks cytoplasm. c. The cell lacks a nucleus. b. The cell lacks a cell membrane. d. The cell lacks genetic material. 4. Which of the following contain a nucleus? a. prokaryotes c. eukaryotes b. bacteria d. organelles 5. Eukaryotes usually contain a. a nucleus. c. genetic material. b. specialized organelles. d. all of the above 6. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes? a. plants c. bacteria b. animals d. all of the above 7. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus? a. stores DNA b. controls most of the cell s processes c. contains the information needed to make proteins d. all of the above 8. Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus? a. cytoplasm c. chromatin b. nucleolus d. DNA 9. Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to cells? a. Only eukaryotes have nuclei. b. Only prokaryotes have nuclei. c. The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins. d. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. 10. Which of the following structures is found in the cytoplasm? a. nucleolus c. chromatin b. ribosome d. cell wall 1

2 11. Which organelle breaks down food into molecules the cell can use? a. Golgi apparatus c. endoplasmic reticulum b. lysosome d. mitochondrion 12. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? a. Golgi apparatus c. vacuole b. mitochondrion d. ribosome 13. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use? a. chloroplast c. endoplasmic reticulum b. Golgi apparatus d. mitochondrion 14. Which organelles help provide cells with energy? a. mitochondria and chloroplasts c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes 15. Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell? a. rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell b. ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus d. mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane 16. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells? a. mitochondrion c. chloroplast b. ribosome d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 17. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? a. helps a cell keep its shape c. surrounds the cell b. contains DNA d. helps make proteins 18. Which structures carry out cell movement? a. cytoplasm and ribosomes c. microtubules and microfilaments b. nucleolus and nucleus d. chromosomes 19. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton? a. helps the cell maintain its shape b. helps the cell move c. prevents chromosomes from separating d. helps organelles within the cell move 20. The main function of the cell wall is to a. support and protect the cell. c. direct the activities of the cell. b. store DNA. d. help the cell move. 21. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is a. found in all organisms. c. a flexible barrier. b. composed of a lipid bilayer. d. usually made of tough fibers. 22. You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms? a. plants c. fungi b. animals d. all of the above 23. Which of the following structures serves as the cell s boundary from its environment? a. mitochondrion c. chloroplast b. cell membrane d. channel proteins 2

3 24. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods b. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates c. keeps the cell wall in place d. regulates which materials enter and leave the cell 25. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of? a. carbohydrates c. bilipids b. lipids d. proteins 26. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a. an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. b. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. c. an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration. d. all of the above 27. Diffusion occurs because a. molecules constantly move and collide with each other. b. the concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution. c. the concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution. d. molecules never move or collide with each other. 28. When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will a. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell. b. stop moving across the membrane. c. move across the membrane in both directions. d. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell. 29. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? a. diffusion c. facilitated diffusion b. osmosis d. active transport 30. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called a. osmotic pressure. c. facilitated diffusion. b. osmosis. d. active transport. 31. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes a. water to move into the cell. c. solutes to move into the cell. b. water to move out of the cell. d. solutes to move out of the cell. 32. Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism? a. multicellular c. levels of organization b. cell specialization d. unicellular 33. The cells of multicellular organisms are a. smaller than those of unicellular organisms. b. simpler than those of unicellular organisms. c. specialized to perform different tasks. d. not dependent on one another. 34. All of the following are examples of cell specialization EXCEPT a. a pancreatic cell that produces protein-digesting enzymes. b. muscle cells that control movement of materials in the body c. a prokaryotic cell that carries out photosynthesis. d. a red blood cell that carries oxygen. 3

4 35. Which of the following is an example of an organ? a. heart c. digestive system b. epithelial tissue d. nerve cell 36. All of the following are types of tissues EXCEPT a. muscle. c. digestive. b. connective. d. nerve. 37. A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a(an) a. organ. c. tissue. b. organ system. d. division of labor. 38. Which of the following is an organ of the digestive system? a. stomach c. muscle cell b. nerve tissue d. epithelial tissue 39. An organ system is a group of organs that a. are made up of similar cells. b. are made up of similar tissues. c. work together to perform a specific function. d. work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism. 40. Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? a. cell, tissue, organ system c. tissue, organ, organ system b. organ system, organ, tissue, cell d. cell, tissue, organ, organ system 41. The basic types of tissue in the human body are a. cell, organ, and organ system. b. sight, smell, and hearing. c. thyroid, trachea, adenoid, and bronchus. d. muscle, nervous, connective, and epithelial. 42. Which system regulates and controls growth, development, and metabolism? a. endocrine system c. integumentary system b. lymphatic system d. skeletal system 43. The levels of organization in the body include a. endocrine, respiratory, digestive, and nervous. b. cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. c. cells, tissues, and functions. d. lymphatic, respiratory, and circulatory. 44. How many organ systems make up the human body? a. 4 c. 8 b. 5 d A group of similar cells that perform a single function is called a(an) a. nerve. c. tissue. b. organ. d. organ system. 46. Which type of tissue lines your internal organs? a. epithelial c. nerve b. connective d. muscle 47. Which type of tissue enables a person s fingers to move as he or she plays the piano? a. epithelial c. nerve b. connective d. muscle 4

5 48. Which type of tissue provides support for the body? a. epithelial c. nerve b. connective d. muscle 49. The process by which organ systems maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called a. circulation. c. homeostasis. b. organization. d. teamwork. 50. Which process enables the body to maintain a stable temperature? a. heating c. feedback inhibition b. circulation d. cellular activity 51. The level of chemicals in the body that speed up cellular activity is regulated by a. action potential. c. the sympathetic nervous system. b. feedback inhibition. d. the parasympathetic nervous system. 52. Which system coordinates the body s response to changes in its internal and external environment? a. lymphatic system c. excretory system b. nervous system d. reproductive system 53. Neurons are classified by the a. direction in which they carry impulses. b. amount of metabolic activity that takes place. c. number of dendrites that branch out. d. number of impulses that they carry. 54. Cells that transmit electrical signals through the nervous system to various organs in the body are called a. nerves. c. organelles. b. neurons. d. tissues. 55. What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the environment? a. a threshold c. an impulse b. an action potential d. a dendrite 56. What is the function of neurotransmitters? a. to transmit nerve impulses through dendrites b. to stimulate the production of epinephrine c. to transmit nerve impulses across synapses d. none of the above 57. For a neuron to reach an action potential, it must a. release electrons. b. absorb calcium. c. reverse the electrical charge across the cell membrane. d. take in sodium ions. 5

6 Figure Refer to Figure The cell body of a neuron collects information from which structure? a. A c. C b. B d. E 59. When an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of a. neurotransmitters. c. dendrites. b. sodium ions. d. receptors. 60. What is the function of the central nervous system? a. to relay messages c. to analyze information b. to process information d. all of the above 61. Which of the following is a function of the cerebrum? a. controls conscious activities of the body b. controls heart rate c. controls blood pressure d. controls breathing 62. The region of the brain that recognizes hunger is the a. brain stem. c. hypothalamus. b. medulla oblongata. d. thalamus. 63. The ability to move your right hand is controlled by the a. left hemisphere of the cerebrum. b. right hemisphere of the cerebrum. c. both the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum. d. neither hemisphere of the cerebrum. 64. A student s ability to think about a question and answer it correctly is directly controlled by the a. brain stem. c. medulla. b. cerebellum. d. cerebrum. 6

7 65. Which division(s) of the peripheral nervous system transmit(s) impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system? a. sensory division c. sensory and motor divisions b. motor division d. spinal cord division 66. Which division of the nervous system controls the ability to dance? a. somatic c. central b. autonomic d. brain 67. The division of the nervous system that helps the body react to pain is the a. somatic nervous system. c. autonomic nervous system. b. sensory nervous system. d. sympathetic nervous system. 68. Sense organs are part of the a. peripheral nervous system. c. autonomic nervous system. b. central nervous system. d. parasympathetic nervous system. 69. What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system? a. brain and spinal cord c. somatic and autonomic b. thalamus and hypothalamus d. sensory and motor 70. Which of the following general categories of sensory receptors are located everywhere in the body except the brain? a. thermoreceptors c. photoreceptors b. mechanoreceptors d. pain receptors 71. Which general category of sensory receptors detects variations in temperature? a. thermoreceptors c. photoreceptors b. mechanoreceptors d. pain receptors 72. Sensory receptors that are sensitive to chemicals are found in the a. skin, body core, and hypothalamus. c. eyes. b. skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears. d. nose and taste buds. 73. Which of the five senses contains two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones? a. vision c. smell b. hearing d. taste 74. In which of the following structures might an infection cause dizziness? a. semicircular canals c. eardrum b. oval window d. cochlea 7

8 Figure Which labeled structure in Figure 35 2 creates pressure waves in the cochlea? a. structure A c. structure C b. structure B d. structure D 76. In Figure 35 2, which labeled structure sends impulses to the brain that enable it to determine body motion and position? a. structure A c. structure C b. structure B d. structure D 77. Which sense relies on the largest sense organ in the body? a. touch c. smell b. hearing d. taste 78. If you did not like the flavor of a certain oral liquid medicine, you could hide much of its taste by a. closing your eyes. c. holding your nose. b. covering your ears. d. folding your hands together. 79. Drugs that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate are called a. stimulants. c. opiates. b. depressants. d. alcohol. 80. What types of drugs slow down the activity of the central nervous system? a. stimulants c. opiates b. depressants d. cocaine 81. Uncontrollable pain and sickness occur because the body cannot produce enough endorphins when a drug user attempts to stop using a. opiates. c. crack. b. cocaine. d. marijuana. 82. The most widely abused legal drug is a. marijuana. c. amphetamines. b. tranquilizers. d. alcohol. 83. What system does alcohol immediately affect? a. digestive c. nervous b. circulatory d. endocrine 8

9 84. Alcohol does each of the following EXCEPT a. slow reflexes. c. impair judgment. b. stimulate heart rate. d. disrupt coordination. 85. One third of all homicides can be attributed to the effects of a. alcohol. c. crack. b. cocaine. d. opiates. 86. Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton? a. skull c. pelvis b. vertebral column d. rib cage 87. Which of the following provides support for the body, attachment sites for muscles, and protection for internal organs? a. skin c. skeleton b. spinal cord d. joints 88. Which of the following is NOT a function of bones in the human skeletal system? a. store minerals c. move body parts b. regulate body temperature d. protect organs 89. How many bones are found in an adult human skeleton? a. 150 c. 206 b. 200 d The main function of the skull is to a. produce blood cells. c. protect the brain. b. protect the heart and lungs. d. act like a lever for muscle attachment. 91. Which of the following contains nerves and blood vessels and runs through the compact bone? a. osteocytes c. bone marrow b. Haversian canals d. periosteum 92. Which of the following is true about red marrow? a. It makes blood cells. c. It produces new bone. b. It stores fat. d. It is found in compact bones of adults. 93. The periosteum is a a. place for storing fat cells. b. location for red blood cell production. c. tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone. d. latticework structure that adds strength to the bone. 94. Where are Haversian canals located? a. in the periosteum c. running through cartilage b. running through compact bone d. running through spongy bone 95. Which of the following is NOT true about spongy bone? a. It is less dense than compact bone. b. It is organized into structures that resemble a bridge s supporting girders. c. It is soft and spongy. d. It adds strength to bone without adding mass. 96. What is the skeleton of an embryo mainly composed of? a. bone c. bone marrow b. cartilage d. growth plates 9

10 97. What is the function of cells called osteoclasts? a. build and maintain bone c. support the skin b. break down bone d. produce blood cells 98. If a bone is broken, which of the following produces new bone tissue to heal the break? a. marrow c. osteoblasts b. Haversian canals d. leukocytes 99. Which are mature bone cells embedded in the bone matrix? a. osteoblasts c. osteoclasts b. osteocytes d. cartilage 100. Ossification occurs in which of the following? a. embryos b. newborn children and teenagers c. embryos and newborn children d. embryos, newborn children, and teenagers Figure Diagram A in Figure 36 1 is an example of a a. ball-and-socket joint. c. hinge joint. b. saddle joint. d. pivot joint Saddle joints are represented in which diagram in Figure 36 1? a. Diagram A c. Diagram C b. Diagram B d. Diagram D 10

11 103. Which type of freely movable joints in Figure 36 1 are examples of joints that permit only back-and-forth movement? a. Diagram A c. Diagram C b. Diagram B d. Diagram D 104. Ligaments connect a. cartilage to bone. c. bone to muscle. b. muscle to muscle. d. bone to bone What body part has a joint that works in a manner similar to a door? a. wrist c. skull b. thumb d. knee Figure In Figure 36 2, B is an example of a. cardiac muscle. c. smooth muscle. b. skeletal muscle. d. heart muscle Which diagram(s) in Figure 36 2 show(s) muscles that are striated? a. A and B c. C b. B d. A and C 108. Which diagram(s) in Figure 36 2 show(s) muscles that decrease the size of the pupils of your eyes in bright light? a. A c. C b. B d. A and C 109. About what percentage of the mass of the human body is made up of muscle? a. less than 10 percent c. 30 percent b. 20 percent d. more than 40 percent 110. Where is cardiac muscle tissue located in the body? a. heart c. skull b. ribs d. bones 111. Where is the protein called actin located in the body? a. ATP molecules c. myosin filaments b. thin filaments d. acetylcholine neurotransmitters 112. In addition to myosin, what other protein is involved in skeletal muscle contraction? a. collagen c. ATP b. actin d. chitin 11

12 113. What happens when the thin filaments in a muscle fiber slide over the thick filaments? a. A muscle contracts. b. A muscle relaxes. c. A muscle both contracts and relaxes. d. A muscle neither contracts nor relaxes Myosin and actin make up a. osteoblasts. c. myofibrils. b. collagen. d. red marrow According to the sliding-filament model, which of the following steps does NOT occur in muscle contraction? a. Myosin and actin filaments come near each other. b. Myosin filaments form cross-bridges with actin filaments. c. Cross-bridges pull the two filaments past each other. d. Actin filaments return to their original positions What tough connective tissues join skeletal muscles to bones? a. joints c. periosteum b. ligaments d. tendons 117. Which of the following types of muscle generally remains in a state of partial contraction when your legs are straight? a. skeletal muscle c. smooth muscle b. cardiac muscle d. all of the above 118. Which of the following is NOT true about muscle tone? a. It is responsible for keeping the back and legs straight when you re relaxed. b. It is increased through regular exercise. c. It describes the tightening of some muscles. d. It increases with age The elbow joint bends when the a. triceps muscle contracts. c. biceps muscle contracts. b. triceps muscle relaxes. d. biceps muscle relaxes Which of the following is NOT true about the effects of exercise on muscles? a. It increases muscle tone. b. It adds material to the outside of the muscle cells. c. It increases the efficiency of the heart. d. It can cause muscles to visibly increase in size The most important function of the skin is a. protection. c. sweating. b. storing fat. d. insulation What two layers make up skin? a. keratin and dermis c. epidermis and dermis b. epidermis and melanin d. melanin and keratin 123. The top layer of the epidermis is made of a. flat, dead cells. c. collagen. b. melanin. d. healthy, living cells Which of the following is NOT a function of skin? a. helps regulate body temperature c. contracts and relaxes muscles b. removes body wastes d. helps prevent infection 12

13 125. What happens when the keratin-producing cells of the skin die? a. Melanin and keratin are produced. c. A waterproof coating is formed. b. An additional dermis layer is formed. d. Melanin is produced Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system? a. skin c. nails b. cartilage d. hair 127. From which of the following does the basic structure of hair and nails form? a. sweat c. collagen b. melanin d. keratin 128. Individual hairs are columns of cells that died after becoming filled with a. keratin. c. melanin. b. dermis. d. sweat Which of the following are tubelike pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis? a. epidermal layers c. melanin cells b. keratin layers d. hair follicles 130. Which of the following structures is NOT formed by keratin? a. reptile scales c. tip of the nose b. feathers d. hair 131. Which body system acts in a way similar to a transportation system? a. circulatory c. nervous b. respiratory d. excretory 132. Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system? a. heart c. blood vessels b. air passageway d. blood 133. The roads of a city are similar to what structures in the circulatory system? a. heart c. blood vessels b. air passageway d. blood 134. In the walls of the heart, the thick layer of muscle is called the a. epithelial tissue layer. c. connective tissue layer. b. pericardium. d. myocardium Which of the following pathways is the largest of the circulatory system? a. systemic circulation c. lymphatic circulation b. pulmonary circulation d. coronary circulation 136. Where are the cells that make up the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker, located? a. right atrium c. right ventricle b. left atrium d. left ventricle 137. Which is the correct direction of blood flow? a. right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery b. right atrium left atrium pulmonary artery c. left ventricle pulmonary artery aorta d. left ventricle left atrium aorta 138. In the heart, the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by the a. mitral valve. c. septum. b. tricuspid valve. d. pericardium. 13

14 139. Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins a. are thicker. c. lack valves. b. are thinner. d. have more resistance Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels? a. arteries c. lymphatic cells b. veins d. capillaries 141. Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel? a. artery c. lymphatic cell b. vein d. capillary 142. The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to a. stimulate the heartbeat. c. prevent the backward flow of blood. b. accelerate the flow of blood. d. serve as a cushion to prevent friction Which of the following is NOT an effect of exercise on veins? a. Exercise helps force blood through the veins. b. Exercise helps keep blood from accumulating and stretching veins. c. Exercise helps keep the walls around veins strong. d. Exercise helps increase the size of veins Which of the following is true about blood pressure? a. It is not affected by atherosclerosis. b. It is lower in veins than in arteries. c. It drops a great deal when traveling through arteries. d. Diastolic pressure is higher than systolic pressure A blood pressure reading of 120/80 a. indicates a diastolic blood prssure of 120. b. is an indication of hypertension in a resting adult. c. indicates a systolic blood pressure of 120. d. is determined by using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure in the veins When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the a. veins. c. capillaries. b. arteries. d. pharynx Which organ helps to regulate blood pressure? a. spleen c. liver b. kidney d. gall bladder 148. When the blood pressure is constantly too high, the condition is known as a. a heart attack. c. atherosclerosis. b. hypertension. d. a stroke When an infection occurs, the number of a. red blood cells increases. c. white blood cells increases. b. red blood cells decreases. d. white blood cells decreases Which blood cells are most numerous in the body? a. red c. platelets b. white d. plasma 151. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? a. regulate filtration c. transport nutrients b. regulate body temperature d. fight infection 14

15 152. Which of the following is correct about the composition of plasma? a. It is 90 percent water. c. It is 10 percent water. b. It is 50 percent water. d. It contains no water How much blood does the human body contain? a. 1 2 liters c liters b. 4 6 liters d liters 154. Which plasma proteins help to regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume? a. albumins c. fibrinogens b. globulins d. platelets Figure In Figure 37 1, what does Step B show? a. a clot forming c. the clumping of platelets b. the capillary wall breaking d. the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin 156. Into what substance is fibrinogen converted? a. thrombin c. platelets b. fibrin d. thromboplastin 157. Which of the following blood cells contain hemoglobin? a. red blood cells c. platelets b. white blood cells d. all of the above 158. Swollen lymph nodes might indicate a. an infection. c. varicose veins. b. high blood pressure. d. an irregular heartbeat. 15

16 159. Which body system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system? a. integumentary c. respiratory b. lymphatic d. nervous 160. What is the term used to describe a swelling of the tissues due to the accumulation of excess fluid? a. hemophilia c. edema b. stroke d. hypertension 161. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? a. collect and return lost fluid to the circulatory system b. filter fluid c. absorb protein d. carry fat-soluble vitamins to the blood 162. The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, the blood, and air in the lungs is called a. systemic circulation. c. emphysema. b. respiration. d. cellular respiration Which of the following statements about lungs is INCORRECT? a. They are muscular. c. They are surrounded by pleura. b. They are elastic. d. They are above the diaphragm What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food? a. pharynx c. larynx b. trachea d. bronchus 165. Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the a. nose and mouth. c. lungs. b. throat. d. pharynx Air is forced into the lungs by the contraction of the a. alveoli. c. diaphragm. b. bronchioles. d. heart. Short Answer 167. What does the cell theory say? 16

17 Figure Identify the structure shown in Figure 7 3 and describe its main functions List two jobs of the cytoskeleton What advantages do cell walls provide plant cells that contact fresh water? 171. Suppose a cell were treated with a chemical that inhibits active transport. What would happen? 172. Explain, in terms of osmosis, why a raisin placed in a cup of pure water overnight will puff up with water A hypertonic salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a blood cell. Explain what happens when a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic salt solution What is homeostasis? 17

18 Figure Identify the structure and its labeled parts illustrated in Figure What is a motor neuron? 177. Name two stimuli from the environment. For each, name the main sense involved and the sense organ responsible for detecting the stimulus In terms of the human skeleton, compare and contrast the meaning of the terms axial and appendicular What are the three different types of muscle? 180. In a left-handed person, which hand would probably have more strength? Why? 181. What are the four functions of the integumentary system? 182. Why do larger organisms need a circulatory system? 183. What is blood pressure? 184. Describe blood plasma. 18

19 Other USING SCIENCE SKILLS This diagram shows the structure of a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a neighboring neuron. Figure Applying Concepts If the axon in Figure 35 4 is part of a motor neuron, to what cells are the impulses being passed? 19

20 USING SCIENCE SKILLS Distribution of Bones in Adult Human Body Axial skeleton Vertebral column: Appendicular skeleton Forelimbs: Cervical region Hands Thoracic region Wrists Lumber region Arms Sacrum Shoulder girdle Coccyx Hindlimbs: Skull: Feet Cranium Ankles Facial portion Legs Middle ear bones Kneecaps Neck and chest regions: Hip girdle Hyoid (at base of tongue) Sternum Ribs Figure Using Tables and Graphs Based on Figure 36 4, name two bones in the axial skeleton that are not part of the vertebral column. 20

21 USING SCIENCE SKILLS Figure Comparing and Contrasting In Figure 36 6, how are the structures labeled D and F related? 21