Coastal Barrier Island Network (CBIN): Management strategies for the future
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1 Coastal Barrier Island Network (CBIN): Management strategies for the future Heather Joesting*, Amy Williams**, Rusty Feagin**, and William K. Smith* *Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC **Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
2 Barrier islands Protect mainland and associated habitats from storm wind and wave action Form and maintain coastal and estuarine habitats seafood and fish Nesting sites for birds and sea turtles Satellite image of Topsail Island, NC Sea turtle nest, Topsail Island, NC
3 Barrier islands Miami, FL: 362,470 Miami Beach, FL: 87,933 city-data.com Hurricane Fran ne_fran_nasa.jpg
4 Future impacts: hurricanes and sea-level rise Slow Fast cts/maps/nc.gif How can barrier island ecosystems be sustained in a changing global environment?
5 Hurricane storm surge Wrightsville Beach Police Station
6 Native barrier island vegetation Ecological engineers Capture sediment, increase elevation, and progress succession Resilience to impact of episodic extreme storm events (EESE)?
7 Coastal Barrier Island Network (CBIN) Biology Geology Engineering Policy Barrier island research Hydrology Anthropology Economics Sociology International research group dedicated to creating solutions involving strategic compromise between anthropogenic development and ecosystem preservation
8 Post-Katrina Meeting: Biloxi, MS Biloxi New Orleans ane-katrina-satellite-image.jpg April 14 16, 2006 Feagin et al., Coastal barrier islands: Coupling anthropogenic stability with ecosystem sustainability. Journal of Coastal Research: in revision.
9 Post-Ike Meeting: Galveston, TX s/imagerecords/9000/9094/ike_tmo_ _lrg.jpg January 4 7, 2009 Williams et al., Ecosystem impacts of Hurricane Ike on Galveston Island and Bolivar Peninsula: perspectives of the Coastal Barrier Island Network (CBIN). Shore and Beach 77:
10 Goal of meetings Barrier island width Island retreat Vegetation succession Dune elevation Tidal prism Wave energy Influence of storm surge energy Anthropogenic development Likelihood of overwash Offshore sediment transport Longshore drift New inlet formation Sustainable management strategy for barrier islands which compromises anthropogenic development and preservation of natural ecosystems
11 Main questions What are the interactions between geomorphic, hydrologic, abiotic, and biological processes on barrier islands? How are these interactions impacted by anthropogenic development? What is the level of landscape stability required for anthropogenic development of dynamic barrier island ecosystems? How should a management strategy compromising development and natural processes be implemented?
12 Emerging themes: Natural vs. engineered Dauphin Island, AL 10 km There are critical differences between human-dominated and natural barrier islands Biophysical processes Spatial and temporal dynamics Effect of vegetation on overwash during Katrina Feagin et al. 2010, Journal of Coastal Research, in revision Anthropogenic modification
13 Emerging themes: Natural vs. engineered Williams et al. 2009, Shore and Beach
14 Emerging themes: Natural vs. engineered Management blending both natural and human-centered perspectives Utilization of native vegetation in place of engineered structures when possible (a) "ecosystem sustainability" EESE: overwash, migration of sediments / ecosystems RSLR: erosion / deposition ie 'Bruun rule' profile migration (b) "anthropogenic stability" RSLR: compaction under stabilized surfaces, no migration barrier EESE: scouring, loss of beach Feagin et al. 2010, Journal of Coastal Research, in revision
15 Emerging themes: Natural vs. engineered Example: plans for rebuilding Texas Highway 87 Sabine Pass Williams et al. 2009, Shore and Beach High Island
16 Emerging themes: Scaling issues The processes that influence the vulnerability and resilience of barrier islands occur along broad spectrum of spatial and temporal scales Incorporate hurricanes into longterm planning Calculate coastal sediment budgets and longshore drift at broad spatial and temporal scales
17 Emerging themes: Policy changes Laws fundamentally rooted in desire for stability Public-private boundary Coastal Zone Management Act 1972 Defines public-private property line division as high tide line, thus landowners strive to hold the line Ecologically defined boundaries Open Beaches Act, Texas Natural Resources Code Defines public-private line as vegetation line, thus when vegetation shifts landward, so does boundary
18 Emerging themes: Policy changes Laws needed to protect undeveloped beaches, sand dunes, maritime forests, and other critical habitats Armor most developed and valuable properties while declaring undeveloped off limits
19 Emerging themes: Valuation tools Economic valuation tools such as cost-benefit analysis and rapid assessment methods can be used to generate collaborative solutions Value of ecosystem services > Property value = Value of ecosystem services < Property value =
20 Emerging themes: Valuation tools Example: geohazards map of Galveston Island (Bureau of Economic Geology) Williams et al. 2009, Shore and Beach
21 Emerging themes: Valuation tools GIS, remote sensing, and field valuation techniques will be valuable in understanding barrier island dynamism Create an index or proxy of current vulnerability and resilience of area National assessment of Coastal Change program,
22 Emerging themes: Education and outreach Need to improve communication with stakeholders about emerging science and the implementation of management strategies Tangible products: maps, pamphlets, websites, etc. CBIN offers opportunities to promote dialogue between scientists and stakeholders
23 Emerging themes: Continued research EESE Geology Anthropogenic development Vegetation Morphology
24 Remaining questions On what scale should development of polices be focused? Local, regional, etc.? How should development best evolve? Can coasts be developed in a way that maintains ecosystem functioning while creating smart growth development?
25 Bald Head Island Conservancy Meeting May 3 4, 2010 Proceedings paper in preparation
26 Acknowledgements Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) Galveston, TX: Biloxi, MS: Visit CBIN online at: For more information, contact: Dr. William K. Smith, Heather Joesting,
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