An overview of USGS Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Studies along the Delmarva Peninsula
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1 An overview of USGS Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Studies along the Delmarva Peninsula Neil K. Ganju, Laura L. Brothers, Nathaniel G. Plant, Christopher G. Smith, E. Robert Thieler Coastal and Marine Geology Program U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey
2 Science for a Stormy World USGS Science Supporting the Department of Interior s Response Wetland Physical Change (Plant, Smith) - Quantify estuarine and wetland shoreline change - Construct statistical models of change - Evaluate wetland vulnerability Estuarine Physical Response (Ganju, Smith) - Quantify estuarine response to storm forcing - Develop numerical models of estuarine physics - Evaluate future responses to storm forcing Offshore geological framework (Brothers, Thieler) - Describe sediment sources, pathways, sinks - Map geologic framework - Understand geologic influence on coastal evolution
3 Science for a Stormy World USGS Science Supporting the Department of Interior s Response Wetland Physical Change (Plant, Smith) - Quantify estuarine and wetland shoreline change - Construct statistical models of change - Evaluate wetland vulnerability Estuarine Physical Response (Ganju, Smith) - Quantify estuarine response to storm forcing - Develop numerical models of estuarine physics - Evaluate future responses to storm forcing Offshore geological framework (Brothers, Thieler) - Describe sediment sources, pathways, sinks - Map geologic framework - Understand geologic influence on coastal evolution
4 Wetland Physical Change Statistical approach to quantify estuarine shoreline change Prior examples Gutierrez et al (shoreline change) Fienen et al (ground water) Gieder et al (piping plover success)
5 Wetland Physical Change Before H. Sandy After H. Sandy Wetland burial by overwash Mode of change Burial Erosion Collapse Examples Overwash, dune formation (estuarine shoreline, open coast, barrier islands) Undercutting, bank erosion, slumping (estuarine shoreline, open coast) Conversion to open water (interior and marsh islands) Impact Duration Ephemeral to permanent Permanent Permanent
6 Wetland Physical Change Remote sensing to quantify geomorphic change: LiDAR
7 Wetland Physical Change Sampling to constrain origins of event layers and vertical change
8 Wetland Physical Change Integration into Bayesian statistical model
9 Science for a Stormy World USGS Science Supporting the Department of Interior s Response Wetland Physical Change (Plant, Smith) - Quantify estuarine and wetland shoreline change - Construct statistical models of change - Evaluate wetland vulnerability Estuarine Physical Response (Ganju, Smith) - Quantify estuarine response to storm forcing - Develop numerical models of estuarine physics - Evaluate future responses to storm forcing Offshore geological framework (Brothers, Thieler) - Describe sediment sources, pathways, sinks - Map geologic framework - Understand geologic influence on coastal evolution
10 Tidal wetland response: a 3D process
11 Modeling wetland response: wave attack WAVES CONTROL EROSION Along Marsh Boundaries INHERENTLY UNSTABLE Horizontal Direction Modified after Tonelli et al. (2010)
12 Modeling wetland response: wave attack Assessment of shoreline during Sandy using COAWST* model *Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment Transport Model High wave attack Low wave attack Forsythe NWR, NJ 5 miles
13 Modeling seagrass response SAV density in Chincoteague Bay, MD/VA Data from Orth et al., VIMS ( Maps generated by Casey Hodgkins, CBL
14 Measuring light climate for seagrass Critical input for biogeochemical models - Nortek ADCP - RBR D wave - YSI EXO2 - Pair of WetLabs ECO-PARSB
15 Measuring light climate for seagrass Time-series data from Barnegat Bay: sharp N-S gradients
16 Modeling seagrass response to light climate ROMS 3D Circulation Model Fasham NPZD model. Gallegos spectral irradiance model Zimmerman bio-optical model
17 Modeling seagrass response to light climate COMBINED SCENARIOS Lat (º) The combined scenarios show an increase of the P/R ratio at both sites Seagrass recovery possible in inner harbor In the long term, SLR effect will be stronger and P/R will decrease in Outer Harbor Lon (º) 1.13 Outer Snug P/R CS_0 CS_1 CS_2 CS_3 CS_4 CS_5 Scenarios Combined Scenario (CS) CS_0 CS_1 CS_2 CS_3 CS_4 CS_5 Nitrate reduction (%) del Barrio et al., 2014 Sea level rise (m)
18 Measuring influence of breaches on estuary Balancing flood protection with natural processes in bays Barrier-island breach at Fire Island, NY 05 May 2009 Study showed that small breaches did not increase mainland vulnerability to storm flooding 05 Nov 2012
19 Modeling influence of breaches on estuary Testing landscape configurations: new breaches
20 Measurements describe physical processes Measuring storm surge, waves, and landscape change Rapid deployment gage (waves, water level) Acoustic altimeter (seabed elevation) Bottom platform (waves, water level, sediment movement, water quality) Assateague Island NS, MD Chincoteague NWR, VA
21 Science for a Stormy World USGS Science Supporting the Department of Interior s Response Wetland Physical Change (Plant, Smith) - Quantify estuarine and wetland shoreline change - Construct statistical models of change - Evaluate wetland vulnerability Estuarine Physical Response (Ganju, Smith) - Quantify estuarine response to storm forcing - Develop numerical models of estuarine physics - Evaluate future responses to storm forcing Offshore geological framework (Brothers, Thieler) - Describe sediment sources, pathways, sinks - Map geologic framework - Understand geologic influence on coastal evolution
22 Maximizing effort by collaboration and combining datasets NOAA NOS collected bathymetry Twenty-three hydrographic surveys create a regional bathymetry map over 4100 km 2. (Pendelton et al., 2014)
23 Regional backscatter mosaic. (Pendelton et al., 2014)
24 USGS Geophysical mapping of the inner continental shelf 2014 tracklines and sample sites km of tracklines -133 grab samples and photos/videos Another 37 days of ship time in Survey efforts will likely continue to the southern tip of the Delmarva peninsula
25 5-meter bathymetric data collected using a Swathplus Interferometric Sidescan Sonar234 khz.
26 1-meter sidescan sonar mosaic image collected using a Klein 3000 Sidescan sonar 100 & 500 khz.
27 2014 Chirp Seismic Reflection Profile Data -Resolve subsurface units/characteristics -Aid in constructing sediment budgets -Insight into coastal system s response to sea-level rise Seafloor Barrier Island lithosomes Channel Natural gas Channel
28 Chirp seismic reflection profile with interpretation
29 Boomer system resolves deeper geologic strata
30 Products: open-file reports and journals Interpreted sediment texture map using published backscatter and grab samples from Maryland Geological Survey, NOAA-NOS and USGS. Difference analysis between bathy and backscatter datasets collected during different years Isopach maps of mobile sediment availability. Integration of sub-bottom data with other data types to better resolve inner continental shelf evolution.
31 Science for a Stormy World USGS Science Supporting the Department of Interior s Response Wetland Physical Change (Plant, Smith) - Quantify estuarine and wetland shoreline change - Construct statistical models of change - Evaluate wetland vulnerability Estuarine Physical Response (Ganju, Smith) - Quantify estuarine response to storm forcing - Develop numerical models of estuarine physics - Evaluate future responses to storm forcing Offshore geological framework (Brothers, Thieler) - Describe sediment sources, pathways, sinks - Map geologic framework - Understand geologic influence on coastal evolution
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