Liana Talaue McManus. Division of Marine Affairs and Policy Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science University of Miami

Transcription

1 Liana Talaue McManus Division of Marine Affairs and Policy Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science University of Miami

2 Outline 1. Coasts as vulnerable & resilient social ecological systems 2. Coastal ocean observing systems (COOS) can help to increase resilience 3. COOS data requirements and challenges 4. A vision of COOS in developing coastal states 5. Role of GOOS Regional Alliances & similar mechanisms 6. Summary

3 Community white papers: Malone et al. Building a global system of systems for the coastal ocean: A strategic action plan for implementing the coastal module of GOOS Swail et al. Storm Surge Sathyendranath et al. ChloroGIN: Use of satellite and in situ data in support of ecosystem based management of marine ecosystems Brainard et al. An international network of coral reef ecosystem observing systems (I CREOS)

4 Sustainable Livelihoods Vulnerability Context Disease outbreaks Market failure Climate change Natural disasters Political instability Human Systems Governance Filter Ecosystems (modified from Kotchen & Young, 2007)

5 Multiple framing by stakeholder groups at nested scales Governance Livelihood Strategies Vulnerability Vulnerability Vulnerability Context Context Context Outbreak of disease Outbreak Market failure of disease Outbreak Market Climate failure of disease change Market Climate failure Natural change disasters Climate Natural change Political disasters instability Natural Political disasters instability Political instability Sustainable Livelihood Approach (DFID 2000; STEPS 2007) P Power dynamics Government Institutions Culture Gender Markets Ecosystem Services = N F Natural Physical Financial Social Human Livelihood Assets H S Livelihood intensification Livelihood diversification Migration Poverty alleviation Increased income Improved health Decision empowerment Reduced vulnerability Increased food security Livelihood Outcomes = Human Wellbeing

6 Coastal ocean observations Elucidate vulnerabilities Coastal human populations Coastal ecosystems Inform the governance process Engender in situ capacity building

7 The coast, up close, is a political forum (the governance challenge) Coastal zones are within local to national jurisdictions Coastal studies and observing systems must address articulated national needs to sustain livelihoods Strong national participation especially within a rubric of international partnership In situ capacity in operational oceanography underpins long term success of coastal observing systems

8 Priority User Issues & GEO Societal Benefit Areas Priority User Issues GEO Societal Benefit Areas Coastal Human Populations Coastal Ecosystems Coastal hazards Coastal development & urbanization Hydrological & biogeochemical cycles Ecosystem health & resilience Disasters, Climate Human health, Water, Climate, Agriculture, Energy Water, Weather, Climate Ecosystems, Biodiversity ( GOOS COOP 2003; Integrated Global Observing Strategy Coastal Theme 2006; Group on Earth Observations Coastal Zone Community of Practice 2008)

9 Observing Requirements GEOPHYSICAL BIOLOGICAL & BIOGEOCHEMICAL MAPPING (Physical, Ecological & Socioeconomic) Ocean winds, waves, sea surface height, currents, salinity, temperature, discharge, precipitation, ice cover Pigments, nutrients, particulate & dissolved matter, aerosol properties, slicks and spills, fluorescence, optical properties, O 2, pco 2 Topography, bathymetry, shoreline position & use, high/low tide lines, habitat types & condition, land cover/use, reef maps, coastal population assessments/ demographics (IGOS Coastal Theme 2006)

10 Challenges for operational coastal oceanography Observation systems High resolution in space and time Long term continuity of operational life of sensors Data integration Communication and biases among disciplines Data inventory across institutions/ national boundaries Separation of land and sea data; of remote & in situ data Unique challenges Seamless topobathymetric DEMs Scale dependent attributes of the fractal nature of coastlines Social ecological system approaches to identify the nuanced use of coastal observations for prevention and mitigation

11 Empowering integrated coastal zone management through earth observations (Mission Statement of the GEO Coastal Zone Community of Practice) Utilize the GOOS Regional Alliances Network & establish N S & S S partnerships to enhance national capacities (GOOS Report 2003)

12 Netherlands India Northern Egypt Vietnam National Censuses to update population attributes in 3D for decision making

13 Seamless topobathy mapping Airborne LIDAR Bathymetric Mapping Coastal population distribution + SRTM topography + LIDAR bathymetry Population-TopoBathy Map Coastal Processes Modeling Storm surge Tsunami Local sea level rise

14 Low elevation Coastal population (CIESIN 2009) Risk Analysis??? (Løvholt et al 2009) SRTM Image 2000 (NASA/JPL/NIMA) Digitized Bathymetric Maps (USDMA 1982) Tsunami Run-up Model???

15 SSH (Jason 1) Gulf of Mexico Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulation of SST before & after Hurricane Ivan (Halliwell & Kourafalou 2008) SST Bathymetry Wind- & tidedriven Circulation

16 ChloroGIN Leaflet (Groom et al 2007) (Terrill from DiGiacomo 2005)

17 The role of GRAs: PI GOOS Aims to assist sustainable development in member nations by: 1. Facilitating the establishment & implementation of coastal & open ocean observing systems 2. Helping to improve use of data, information & products generated from new & existing programs FOUR FOCAL AREAS Communication Support to marine observing programs Marine data access and management Education and training

18 CSn Define boundary conditions for nested modeling & data assimilation CS1 CS5 GRA Assists Facilitates Communicates Event forecasts Impact forecasts Mitigation Scenarios Other operational products Global products CS2 CS4 Elucidate high resolution feedbacks & societal response CS3 GRA: GOOS Regional Alliance CS: Coastal State

19 Summary The coast is a coupled system, vulnerable & resilient. Coastal ocean observing systems elucidate vulnerabilities and inform governance to enhance resilience through appropriate mitigation GOOS Regional Alliances and similar mechanisms prioritize national capacity building in operational oceanography to sustain coastal livelihoods The interactive generation of science at global and local scales makes earth system science robust & highly relevant to coastal states