ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS ENERGY: WORK and POWER

Transcription

1 1 Pre-Test Directions: This will help you discover what you know about the subject of energy before you begin this lesson. Answer the following true or false. 1. To a physicist, energy is work or the capacity to perform work. T F. 2. An example of kinetic energy is water sitting above a dam. T F. 3. Atoms do not have energy. T F. 4. A book sitting on a bookcase has potential energy. T F. 5. Matter could not exist without electrical energy. T F. 6. Energy from the sun comes to Earth in the form of heat. T F. 7. Fusion is the process of atoms splitting apart. T F. 8. Sound is a form of energy. T F. 9. Energy is being constantly recycled from one form to another. T F. 10. The three laws of thermodynamics are a measure of light, heat, and sound. T F.

2 2a Vocabulary Definitions The following words and terms used in the program may be unfamiliar to you. Try to listen for these terms while viewing the program, pay close attention so you can later include them in your scientific descriptions, observations, and creative writing assignment activities. absolute zero - at this temperature matter is devoid of energy. Absolute zero is -273 degrees Celsius, or -460 degrees Fahrenheit. atom - the smallest unit of matter, made up of a nucleus of protons and neutrons and orbiting electrons. kinetic energy - form of energy that results in the movement of an object. law of conservation of energy - theory that energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is the first law of thermodynamics. chemical energy - a form of energy locked in the cells of living or fossilized plants and animals. E = mc² - Albert Einstein's famous equation, is read: Energy (E), equals (=) mass (m), times the speed of light, squared (c²). Einstein, Albert - German-American physicist, electromagnetic energy - waves of electricity and magnetism, called electromagnetism. It is often called light. electron - negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of atoms. energy - in physics, work or the capacity for doing work. energy exchanges - process where energy changes or is recycled from one form to another. first law of thermodynamics - energy cannot be created or destroyed. fission - when the nucleus of atoms are split apart releasing energy. fusion - when two hydrogen atoms fuse under extreme heat, energy is released. Fusion is the energy of the sun and stars. heat - a form of kinetic energy. Heat is sometimes called thermal energy. mass - total quantity of an object's matter. matter - the material that make up objects. Matter cannot be created or destroyed. matter-energy connection - theory that matter and energy are fundamentally the same. molecules - compounds made up of two or more atoms. nuclear energy - the energy locked in the nucleus of atoms. photosynthesis - the process carried out by green plants and some microorganisms in which carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight are converted into ATP and glucose, releasing oxygen as a by-product. potential energy - energy that has the potential for doing work. second law of thermodynamics - the temperature of all things flow in one direction, towards equilibrium. sound - a form of kinetic energy. third law of thermodynamics - at absolute zero matter is devoid of energy. work - in physics, is when a force is applied to an object so that it moves a distance.

3 2b Use the Right Word Directions: Find the right word from the physics vocabulary list that completes the following sentences. 1. The form of energy that results in movement of any object is called. 2. The energy of position, or energy prior to movement, is called energy. 3. Radiant energy from the sun is a form of energy. 4. Under intense heat, like in the core of the sun, two hydrogen atoms will fuse releasing energy. This is called. 5. When the nucleus of an atom is split apart energy is released. This process is called. 6. The source of energy of all living things is in a process called. 7. Energy is constantly being changed and recycled into different forms. This is called energy. 8. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is sometimes called the law of the of energy. 9. If a machine is stopped it will adjust to a single uniform temperature until it reaches with the other objects that surround it. 10. Einstein's famous formula that links energy and matter is.

4 2c Word Match Directions: Connect the word with the proper definition. energy energy conservation energy exchange fusion kinetic energy light nuclear energy potential energy second law W = Fx energy always flows from hot to cold cannot be created of destroyed when hydrogen atoms fuse a form of electromagnetic energy energy of position when energy changes from one form to another work or the capacity to do work formula for the expenditure of work or energy energy of movement energy in the nucleus of atoms

5 3 Connected/Not Connected Directions: Place the following words in the proper sentences. absolute zero electromagnetic fusion recycling atoms energy kinetic solar Albert Einstein exchanges molecules sun chemical fission nuclear W = Fx E = mc² fossil potential WORK 1. is connected to because it is a formula for the expression of energy. 2. energy is NOT connected to energy because one is the energy of movement and the other is the energy of position. 3. are connected to because both are forms of matter. 4. is NOT connected to because one is the process by which hydrogen atoms fuse, releasing energy, and the other is the process where the nucleus of atoms are blown apart, releasing energy. 5. The is connected to energy because the major source of this form of energy for the earth comes from this heavenly body. 6. energy is NOT connected to energy because one is energy formed through the photosynthesis process and the other is energy in the nucleus of atoms. 7. Energy are connected to the of energy because energy has the ability to be transformed from one form to another. 8. energy is NOT connected to energy gained from the burning of fuels because one form of energy causes no air pollution and the other produces greenhouses gases harmful to the environment. 9. is connected to because he formulated this famous formula. 10. is NOT connected to because when a substance reaches this point the electrons have almost no movement.

6 4 Crossword Puzzle Across 2. energy from high temperatures 3. type of energy produced by photosynthesis 7. when the nuclei of atoms are split apart, releasing energy 12. the energy of position 13. defined as work or the capacity to do work 14. energy from the nucleus of atoms 15. energy is defined as Down 1. a form of energy used in industry and in the home 4. energy can be into different forms 5. enormous source of electromagnetic energy 6. when two hydrogen atoms fuse, releasing energy 8. the mass of an object 9. the energy of matter in motion 10. the energy of noise 11. particles that orbit the nucleus of atoms

7 5 Creative Writing Story Ideas Directions: Choose from one of the ideas listed below and write a story or dramatization. Include plot lines that follow scientific principles and key vocabulary terms. 1. An old philosophic question is: If a tree fell in the forest and no one saw or heard it fall, did it actually happen? Write a dialogue between a philosopher, who holds the view that the event never happened if there was no human to witness it, and a physicist who holds the opposite viewpoint. 2. A town planner has been given the job of designing a transportation system for a city of 500,000 people that eliminates cars completely. Write a short story that opens with a public event where the plans are made public. What are the reactions of the citizens and the politicians? What are the consequences for the town planner's career? 3. It is the year Global warming has continued to devastate planet Earth to such a degree that all of the Earth's lowlands have flooded and what remains of the human population are small groups of people clinging to what were once mountain ranges. Write a story describing the crisis of these people and how they deal with it. 4. The matter/energy barrier has been broken and people can now travel between these two worlds like enchanted spirits. But there is a new crisis! A group has been caught in the spirit world and cannot find the way to return. What happens?

8 6 Video Quiz Directions: Answer the following true or false, or fill in the blank with the correct word to make it true. 1. Energy can be created and sometimes destroyed. T F. 2. The formula physicists use to express the expenditure of work or energy is. 3. Kinetic energy is described as energy of matter in motion. T F. 4. Potential energy is not important in the total amount of energy available in the universe. T F. 5. Electromagnetic energy only exists as radiant energy from the sun and stars. T F. 6. Under intense heat two hydrogen atoms will fuse to form a helium atom and release energy. This process is called. 7. Photosynthesis is a process that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the leaves of plants. T F. 8. Energy can be changed and recycled from one form to another. T F. 9. The second law of thermodynamics concludes that all things are moving towards. 10. Einstein's formula of E = mc² states that energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. T F.

9 7 Post-Test Vocabulary Directions: Fill in the blank with the appropriate term from the list below. absolute zero equilibrium heat solar atom exchange kinetic sound chemical fission molecules thermodynamics electromagnetic fusion nuclear wind electron force potential work 1. Sound and heat are examples of energy. 2. The water stored above a dam and the energy locked in the nucleus of an atom are both examples of energy. 3. When cows convert the energy in grass into energy that can be used in their bodies that is an example of an energy. 4. Physicists have summarized their understanding of heat and energy into the three laws of. True or False Directions: Fill in the blank with True or False. If the statement is false, change it to make the statement true. Rewrite the true statement in the space provided. 5. To a physicist, work and energy are two separate and distinct concepts. 6. Sound is a form of nuclear energy. 7. A tree standing in a forest has potential energy. 8. Electromagnetic energy from the sun cannot be changed into chemical energy. 9. Energy from the wind creates pollution because greenhouse gases are released in the process. Essay Section Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Use the back of this page or a separate sheet of paper if you need more space to complete your answer. 10. Why is heat a form of kinetic energy? 11. Explain why energy from wind is less polluting than the energy from fossil fuel. 12. Explain energy exchanges and give some examples.