Rate of Development of Ex-Mining Land in Peninsular Malaysia

Transcription

1 Rate of Development of Ex-Mining Land in Peninsular Malaysia Ramli Mohd Osman Mineral Research Centre, Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, Ipoh ABSTRACT Ex-mining land plays important role in socio-economic development, such as, agriculture, aquaculture, livestock, mining and quarrying, housing, industry, flood prevention, component of wetlands, sport fishing, and providing space for recreation and relaxation. The knowledge about ex-mining land distribution in Malaysia has become increasingly important to overcome the problems of haphazard, uncontrolled development, deteriorating environmental quality, loss of prime ex-mining ponds, destruction of important wetlands, and loss of wildlife habitats. Therefore, there is a need for proper monitoring and planning to ensure that the provisions of these ex-mining lands are adequately developed and conserved for current and future generations. For the many uses of the ex-mining land in the country, we would like to know how much of it is still available for development and when it would be totally developed into other land-uses. To answer the latter question, Mineral Research Centre (MRC), Minerals and Geoscience Department (JMG) Malaysia made a study to predict the rate of development of the ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia. The rate of development of the ex-mining land in Perak was determined to be 3,550 ha/yr. At this rate, it is expected that all the idle land in the ex-mining land of Perak will be completely developed into some other land-uses by 2020 (i.e. 7 years from 2013). Linear regression study from three sources of data on the ex-mining land distribution in Peninsular Malaysia shows the rate of reduction (development) of ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia is 2,760 ha/yr. At this rate, it is expected that all the ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia will be fully developed into some other land-uses by 2028 (i.e. 15 years from 2013). Keywords: ex-mining land, rate of development, linear regression study Paper presented in National Geoscience Conference June 2013, Kinta Riverfront Hotel & Suites, Ipoh. 1

2 1.0 INTRODUCTION JMG Malaysia has yet to come up with a complete database on the distribution of ex-mining land of Malaysia. As a department that is given the responsibility in overseeing the development of the mineral industry of the country, information on the post mineral industry activities, i.e. the ex-mining land, is needed as it is to be used by various stakeholders such as Malaysian Centre of Geospatial Data Infrastructure (MaCGDI), Department of Urban and Rural Planning (JPBD), Department of Agriculture (JPM), local authorities, government departments, institutions of higher learning, entrepreneurs, and private agencies. Ex-mining land plays important role in socio-economic development, such as, agriculture, aquaculture, livestock, mining and quarrying, housing, industry, flood prevention, component of wetlands, sport fishing, and providing space for recreation and relaxation. The knowledge about ex-mining land distribution in Malaysia has become increasingly important to overcome the problems of haphazard, uncontrolled development, deteriorating environmental quality, loss of prime ex-mining ponds, destruction of important wetlands, and loss of wildlife habitats. Therefore, there is a need for proper monitoring and planning to ensure that the provisions of these ex-mining lands are adequately developed and conserved for current and future generations. For these reasons, MRC, JMG Malaysia has undertaken a project to develop a digital database on the distribution of ex-mining land in the country from 2011 to 2012 of the Tenth Malaysian Plan (Abdullah et al., 2011; Ramli et al., 2011a; Ramli et al., 2011b; Ramli et al., 2011c; Ramli et al., 2012a; Ramli et al., 2012b). For the many uses of the ex-mining land in the country, we would like to know how much of it is still available for development and when it would be totally developed into other land-uses. To answer the latter question, a study was made to predict the rate of development of the ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia (Ramli, 2013). This paper describes the method used and provides the results obtained from the study. 2.0 RATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF EX-MINING LAND 2.1 Rate of Development of the Ex-mining Land in Perak Ramli & Mohd Anuar (2012a) showed that in 2008 the idle land in the ex-mining land of Perak was 40,597 ha. By using GIS techniques, Ramli et al. (2011a) showed that in 2011 the idle land in the ex-mining land of Perak was 29,948 ha. The technique requires the use of committed development data of 2011 obtained from JPBD Perak. The study shows that within a period of 3 years, 10,649 ha or 26% of the idle land had been developed for other land-uses; this gives the rate of development as 3,550 ha/yr. At this rate, it is expected that all the idle land in the exmining land of Perak will be completely developed into some other land-uses by 2020 (i.e. 7 years from 2013). 2

3 2.2 Rate of Development of the Ex-mining Land in Peninsular Malaysia To study the rate of development of the ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia, ex-mining land data were obtained from three sources, i.e.: 1. Mining area in Malaysia 1970 data (Lim, 1995), as shown in Figure 1. The mining area (now classified as ex-mining land) statistics does not include Sabah and Sarawak. The total area or mining in Malaysia (excluding Sabah and Sarawak) in 1970 was 158,968 ha. Figure 1. Mining area in Malaysia Mining and ex-mining area data in 2000 obtained from JPM. The total area of the mining and ex-mining land in 2000 in Peninsular Malaysia was 81,246 ha (Figure 2). 3

4 Figure 2. Mining and ex-mining land area in Peninsular Malaysia in Mining and ex-mining land area data in 2008 obtained from JPM. The total area of mining and ex-mining land in 2008 in Peninsular Malaysia was 51,658 ha (Figure 3). Figure 3. Mining and ex-mining land area in Peninsular Malaysia in

5 From these three sources of data on the ex-mining land distribution in Peninsular Malaysia, a study of linear regression was made using Microsoft Office Excel The study shows the linear equation is y = -2, x + 5,597, with a regression coefficient, r 2 = , which is very close to 1, thus showing a very good fit (Table 1 and Figure 4). The analysis shows the rate of reduction (development) of the ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia is 2,760 ha/yr (given by the coefficient of x in the linear equation). At this rate, it is expected that all the ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia will be fully developed into some other land-uses by 2028 (i.e. 15 years from 2013). Table 1: Statistics and projected linear regression of area of the ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia. Number of Area Year years from Data source (ha) ,968 Lim, ,246 JPM, ,658 JPM, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

6 Figure 4: Linear regression of the rate of decrease of ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia 3.0 CONCLUSION The rate of development of the ex-mining land in Perak was determined to be 3,550 ha/yr. At this rate, it is expected that all the idle land in the ex-mining land of Perak will be completely developed into some other land-uses by 2020 (i.e. 7 years from 2013). Linear regression study from three sources of data on ex-mining land distribution in Peninsular Malaysia shows the rate of reduction (development) of ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia is 2,760 ha/yr. At this rate, it is expected that all the ex-mining land in Peninsular Malaysia will be fully developed into some other land-uses by 2028 (i.e. 15 years from 2013). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author thanks Y. Bhg. Dato Hj. Zulkifly Abu Bakar, Director of Mineral Research Centre, Ipoh for his unwavering support and encouragement in carrying out the project and to Y. Bhg. Dato Hj. Yunus Abdul Razak, Director General of Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia for granting permission to publish this paper. REFERENCES 1. Abdullah Hussin, Chin, T.H., and Norinsafrina Mustaffa Kamal. Study on development of ex-mining land for various land use. Proceedings of SIMPOMIN 2011, October 2011, Tower Regency Hotel Ipoh, Perak. 2. Lim, B.C., From departmental file. Institut Penyelidikan Galian, Jabatan Galian, Ipoh, Perak. 3. JPM, Digital data of distribution of land-use in Peninsular Malaysia. Department of Agriculture Malaysia. 6

7 4. JPM, Digital data of the distribution of the land-use in Peninsular Malaysia. Department of Agriculture Malaysia. 5. Ramli Mohd Osman, Mohd Anuar Ishak and Mohd Zulkiflee Che Soh, 2011a. Idle exmining land of Perak Proceedings of SIMPOMIN 2011, October 2011, Tower Regency Hotel Ipoh, Perak. 6. Ramli Mohd Osman, Mohd Anuar Ishak, and Mohd Zulkiflee Che Soh, 2011b. Idle exmining land of Perak Proceedings of SIMPOMIN 2011, October 2011, Tower Regency Hotel Ipoh, Perak. 7. Ramli Mohd Osman, Noor Bakri Endut, and Hamid Ariffin, 2011c. Mapping of ex-mining land land-use of Malim Nawar-Ipoh area using Spot 5 satellite images. Proceedings of SIMPOMIN 2011, October 2011, Tower Regency Hotel Ipoh, Perak. 8. Ramli Mohd Osman and Mohd Anuar Ishak, 2012a. Geospatial analysis of ex-mining land in Perak. Proceedings of National Geoscience Conference 2012, Kuching, Sarawak, June Ramli Mohd Osman and Mohd Anuar Ishak, 2012b. Land-use of ex-mining land in Perak. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration towards a Greener Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 3-5 July Ramli Mohd Osman, Kajian maklumat geospatial tanah bekas lombong negara RP2 (2012). No. Laporan: PPM R001/2013, Pusat Penyelidikan Mineral, Jabatan Mineral dan Geoscience Malaysia, Ipoh, Perak. 7