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1 GRADE 7 SCIENCE Separating Solutions Page 277

2 REMEMBER... Something is a MIXTURE if it contains two (or more) substances that are not chemically joined together. The substances in a mixture can often be easily separated from one another. A PURE substance only contains one material and so cannot be separated in any way (unless a chemical reaction takes place).

3 DIFFERENT SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Are there mixtures that can not be separated? Are there mixtures in and around your home that you do not want to separate? Why can one mixture be separated with a filter while another can not? Because of Particle size and the type of mixture!

4 DIFFERENT METHODS TO SEPARATE MIXTURES 9 1 A P. 279 How you would separate the following mixtures Salt water Muddy water Nuts and bolts

5 Salt water Evaporation Used as a separation method when parts of the mixture have different boiling points. When salty water is warmed the water evaporates leaving behind crystals of salt. Muddy water Filtration Used when there is a liquid and solid parts to the mixture. Nuts and bolts Mechanical sorting. - Floating - Magnetism (the magnet sticks to the iron but not to the sand) - Using your hands! tch?v=bhp1hqhaqrw

6 SEPARATION OF MIXTURES OCCUR IN MANY BRANCHES OF SCIENCE: Food science Tea bags Chemistry Water softeners Engineering Oil and gas filters Life science Bogs

7 THERE ARE COMMON SEPARATION TECHNIQUES USED TO SEPARATE THE COMPONENTS OF A VARIETY OF MIXTURES. Straining spaghetti in a colander. Skimming fat off soup. Drying clothes (water from fabric) Window screens (air in bugs out) Making coffee using ground coffee beans

8 SEPARATION TECHNIQUES IN THE HOME: Mixtures that exist in the home: dust from carpet water from clothes rocks from topsoil cigarette smoke from air

9 CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE SEPARATION TECHNIQUE Technique Solvent Solute Process Colander water Spaghetti Filtration Clothes dryer Water Clothes Evaporation Window screen Air Bugs Filtration Coffee percolators Water Coffee beans Filtration Vacuum cleaners Carpet Dust Filtration Skimming fat from soup Soup Fat Floatation Refining oil Water Oil Distillation Toxic screen Blood Alcohol Chromatography Separating Sand Iron fillings Magnetism Drinking apparatus Water Salt Distillation

10 SEPARATING MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS Separating heterogeneous mixtures 1. Mechanical sorting a) Magnetism b) Floatation 2. Filtration Separating homogeneous mixtures 1. Evaporation 2. Distillation Separating a solution by paper chromatography

11 SEPARATING HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES Heterogeneous mixture: a combination of two or more different types of matter that retain their own properties that can be detected quite easily. 1. Mechanical sorting Floatation Magnetism 2. Filtration

12 SEPARATING HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES 1. Mechanical Sorting: Used to separate the parts of a mixture based on properties such as particle size. Ex: floatation & magnetism

13 magnetism floatation

14 FILTRATION: A common way to separate solid particles from a mixture The filters can have holes of varying sizes small to microscopic.

15 EXAMPLES OF FILTRATION Wood chips and water Styrofoam particles and water Sand and water Cornflakes and water/or milk Water and stones (pebbles)

16 Coffee filter Oil filter Colander Furnace filter

17 SEPARATING HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES P.282 Homogeneous mixture: a combination of two or more different types of matter that appear to be the same throughout the mixture and have the same properties. 1. Evaporation 2. Distillation

18 EVAPORATION: Change of state from a liquid to a gas. Liquid (solvent) evaporates to recover a solid solute from a solution. Salt (solute) and water (solvent) Sugar (solute)and water (solvent)

19

20 DISTILLATION: Is a method that you can use to separate and recover a single solute and a single solvent from a solution. Uses the property of the boiling point to separate two components of a solution (solvent and solute) Uses two changes of state: evaporation and condensation (collect solvent) Example: (1)alcohol from water &(2) salt from water

21 DISTILLATION The solution is heated until it reaches the solvent boiling point. The solvent changes state to become a gas and evaporates. The gas is then collected in the condenser, and cooled. While in the condenser, the gas condenses and turns back into a liquid. The condensation (liquid solvent) is collected into the receiving flask. The solute remains at the bottom of the flask and is not evaporated.

22 Evaporation Condensation be.com/watch?v =xxnfjlmns4e

23

24 TWO TYPES OF DISTILLATION 1. SIMPLE DISTILLATION Simple distillation generally separates a single solute from its solvent.

25 2. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION =PYMWUz7TC3A Fractional distillation separates a mixture of liquids based on their varying boiling points.

26 SEPARATING A SOLUTION BY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY Used to separate the colored substances in a mixture such as ink. Used to separate the solvents in a mixture. How it works: The speed of a dissolved substance is carried by a solvent through a material such as filter paper, that absorbs the solutes.

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