Miocene coral reef ecosystems in South East Asia
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1 Miocene coral reef ecosystems in South East Asia Nadia Santodomingo Palaeontology Department Supervisors: Dr. Ken Johnson (NHM) Dr. Lucas J. Lourens (UU)
2 Contents Objectives Fossil Data baseline NTA-2: Field trip Role in TF Future plans
3 Objectives 1. To identify the biodiversity of Miocene coral assemblages in SE Asia (East Kalimantan). Recent vs. Extinct? 2. To infer the palaeoecology of Miocene reef environments in SE Asia. Integration with other PhD students. 3. To study the taxonomy, systematics, and evolution of a target Scleractinian taxon, i.e. Agariciidae, Pachyseris. K. Johnson K. Johnson K. Johnson
4 Fossil corals: Data baseline Coral Reefs in SE Asia first appeared in Early Miocene Early Oligocene 29 million years ago Early Miocene 20 million years ago Forams Corals Wilson & Rosen, 1998 Coral Reefs in SE Asia first appeared in Late Oligocene Sabah (NE Kalimantan): Kinabatangan area LBF+Nannofossil+ 87 Sr/ 86 Sr : Ma : Rich fossil coral community (100 morpho-spp) McMonagle et al., 2011
5 Fossil corals: Data baseline Coral triangle: Origin of marine diversity? Centre of speciation Fossil species can/cannot be extinct Centre of overlap Modern fauna = fossil fauna Java+Kalim +Sulawesi+Papua diversification Centre of accumulation Bellwood et al., 2005 Centre of survival Modern fauna= Many fossil species + diversification Hoeksema, 2007
6 Fossil corals: Data baseline Martin, (F.W. Junghuhn) Felix, Gerth, Umbgrove, Veron & Kelly, 1988 Hoeksema, 1989 (Fungiidae) This project Johnson & Renema,
7 Fossil corals: Data baseline 436 usages 301 valid species Spelling 22 Split 2 Taxonomic 1 74 Taxonomic 2 36 Re-identification 1 Coral Triangle Diversity: ~ 500* extinct (Tertiary) ~ 376 spp Acropora ~100 spp ** (4 fossil) Montipora ~50 spp (2 fossil) *Hoeksema, 2007 ** (Wallace & Rosen, 2006)
8 Fossil corals: Study material East Kalimantan 127 samples 221 sampling bags Java 114 specimens 9 families 20 genera Early Burdigalian TF26: Gunung Kucir TF30: Puntuk Tedjo
9 NTA-2: Field methods Stratigraphy Identification of units with corals: mostly platy corals Photo-transects: comparison of coral features (ratio w/h), spp Sampling of coral specimens Transects TF153 Transects TF59
10 SAMARINDA
11 BONTANG Coral collections Only float
12 BONTANG Vibor Novak
13 Delta-front Patch Reef Carbonates occur in areas of high siliciclastic input. Turbid-water reefs may have moderate to high biodiversity, adaption to turbid-waters. -mobility, heterotrophy, -morphology to capture light. Patch-reef development on soft substrates / shallow waters. Carbonate production and bioherm or patch-reef development may occur in turbid-water, delta-front areas as localized or more regionally extensive units during any phase of eustatic sea level. Interplay of factors control carbonate development and preservation: - Tectonics - Eustasy - Delta switching - Currents - Amount and size fraction of siliciclastic sediment Wilson, 2005
14 Summary of the work accomplished Section name Latitude Longitude Code No. samples No. bags Phototransect Colony forms Sampling type Top reef Stadion TF no pl>br St Batu Putih TF no pl>br St Badak TF unit 7 pl>ms>br St Top reef in Mine TF no pl>br St AMP Km TF unit 4 pl>ms>br St Batu Putih TF no pl>br St Batu Cermen TF units 2,3,4 pl>ms>br St Coral-Mollusc coral TF br St clumps clumps NN TF no br>pl St NN TF no br>ms Float 3D-Reef TF units 4-5 pl>so St Monkey Section TF no pl>so Float The rooster's crest TF no br St Molluscs TF no br St Rainy Section TF unit 12 pl>br St Tridacna TF units 3-4 br>ms St Millipede Hill TF no ms Float Badak II TF no pl Float Top hill TF no ms Float NN TF no br>ms Float Total
15 Role in TF
16 Plans While waiting for the samples 1. Follow with the identification of Java s material. Visit to Leiden to confirm species. New records? 2. Revision of literature on geology / platy coral communities 3. Preparation of presentation for the Fossil Cnidaria & Porifera Symposium 4. Collaboration on a paper based on museum occurrences 5. Registration to PhD at Utrecht University
17 Plans Late Eocene/Early Miocene: Mangkalihat Peninsula Taballar-Menkrawit
18 Questions?
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