Draw the stages of primary succession (detailed) in the boxes below starting with a volcanic eruption and ending with a climax community.

Transcription

1 Succession 1. SUCCESSION is the gradual process of change that helps a community or ecosystem achieve stability or balance. 2. Which type of succession starts with bare rock from a lava flow or glacier movement PRIMARY 3. Which type of succession starts with a disturbance where an ecosystem already exists SECONDARY Draw the stages of primary succession (detailed) in the boxes below starting with a volcanic eruption and ending with a climax community. A. Volcanic eruption B. Lichens and Moss C. Grasses and shrubs D. Trees 4. In the picture above, which box represents a community with the most stability? D 5. In the picture above, which box represents a community with the most biodiversity? D 6. In the picture above, where does the majority of weathering and erosion take place? B 7. How do lichen and mosses get their energy? PHOTOSYNTHESIS (THEY ARE PLANTS) 8. When does ecological succession end? CLIMAX COMMUNITY & WHEN AN EQUILIBRIUM HAS BEEN REACHED Weathering 1. _WEATHERING is the breaking apart of rock into smaller pieces 2. _EROSION is the movement of rock and sediment 3. DEPOSITION is the dropping or settling of sediment. 4. List 3 agents of erosion? WIND, WATER, GRAVITY, GLACIERS 5. What process creates deltas? DEPOSITION 6. When sand blown particles hit the surface of rock, it slowly wears it down, this is an example of WEATHERING 7. Weathering that breaks rocks by physical means such as ice wedging is called MECHANICAL weathering. 8. Weathering that breaks rocks using chemicals is called _CHEMICAL_ weathering. Ground water 1. Water located within rocks below earths surface is called GROUNDWATER_ 2. Texas is currently in a drought, lakes are losing water and the flow of rivers is decreasing. How will this affect the ground water in Texas? IT WILL DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF GROUNDWATER 3. Where does the water that goes into an aquifer come from?_percolation OF SURFACE WATER 4. PERCOLATION occurs when water moves through rock and soil into the ground water. 5. A rock that stops the flow of water or does not allow water to pass through is said to be _IMPERMEABLE 6. A farmer sprays pesticide on his crops, what parts of the environment will this effect? a. Ground water b. Surface water c. Plants d. All of the above

2 7. How is surface water replaced? WHEN IT RAINS_ 8. A car wreck causes the gas tank of a car to break, leaking gasoline on the ground. How with this affect the water supply? OIL MAY ENTER THE GROUNDWATER AND POLLUTE IT 9. What type of rock stops the flow of water? IMPERMEABLE Catastrophic Events 1. DROUGHT is caused by a lack of precipitation 2. List three ways a flood can affect an ecosystem? KILL PLANTS & ANIMALS, ANIMALS MOVE TO ANOTHER LOCATION, WATER BECOMES POLLUTED 3. True or False: A flood creates a new river. 4. Explain how an oil spill in the Atlantic Ocean could affect an ecosystem? -ANIMALS AND PLANTS DIE -OCEAN HABITAT DESTROYED -PEOPLE CANNOT GO ONTO THE BEACHES OR IN THE OCEAN 5. How can a volcanic eruption that spews ash and particles in the atmosphere effect plants? -IT CAN BLOCK OUT SUNLIGHT FOR DAYS AND WITHOUT SUNLIGHT THE PLANTS CANNOT CARRY OUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS, can kill them with super heated gas 6. List 2 ways hurricanes shape the land. -CAUSE RAPID EROSION AND DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENT Food Chains/Webs & Biomes 1. In which ecosystem/biome would you find moist soil and water loving insects? SWAMP OR POND 2. What is biodiversity? -THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF ORGANISMS LIVING IN A COMMUNITY (AREA) 3. Which biomes have the most biodiversity? OCEAN & TROPICAL RAINFOREST 4. Which biomes have the least biodiversity? DESERT 5. What do decomposers feed on? REMAINS OF ONCE LIVING (DEAD) ORGANISMS 6. FOOD WEB shows the transfer of energy through an ecosystem. 7. As you move from bottom to top of an energy pyramid, what happens to the energy? LESS RESOURCES (FOOD), LESS ANIMALS, LESS ENERGY 8. How can grasslands support large plant eaters? THERE IS A LARGE NUMBER OF GRASSES 9. Create(write) a food chain with the following: penguin, fish, killer whale and plankton PLANTON FISH PENGUIN KILLER WHALE 10. Which organism has the most energy in the chain above? PLANKTON 11. What is the original source of energy for this food chain? SUN

3 12. What do the arrows represent in the food chain above? FLOW OF ENERGY 13. If all the producers in an ecosystem die due to a drought, what will happen to the consumers? -all of the animals would die because the animals who eat grass would have nothing to eat 14. Draw an energy pyramid and place the following words in the correct spot: producer Primary consumer, secondary consumer SECONDARY CONSUMER PRIMARY CONSUMER PRODUCER 15. What is the picture above called? FOOD WEB 16. What is wrong with the picture above? NO ARROWS 17. In the picture above, which organism has the most energy? GRASS 18. In the picture above,which organism has the least energy in the diagram above? HUMAN 19. Name the producer in the picture above. GRASS 20. In the above picture, what would happen to the fish if all the shrimp died? THE NUMBER OF FISH WOULD DECREASE BECAUSE THEY WOULD HAVE NOTHING TO EAT 21. What would happen to the crab population if the raccoons died? THE NUMBER OF CRAB WOULD INCREASE BECAUSE THERE WOULD BE ONE LESS PREDATOR TO EAT IT 22. According to the picture above, alligators do not eat shrimp, however, if the shrimp population increases this could lead to more alligators in a population. Why is this so? THE FISH POPULATION WOULD INCREASE BECAUSE THEY EAT SHRIMP AND ALLIGATORS EAT FISH.

4 23. Which organism in the picture above transfers the largest total amount of energy to other organisms? GRASS 24. In a compost bin, bacteria break down substances and release ENERGY from biomass 25. What is the figure above called? DICHOTOMOUS KEY 26. True or False You can use the figure above to figure out what type of plant you find while you are camping. 27. If you have a rough, scaly-like leaf with a blue berry on it, what plant is it? UTAH JUNIPER 28. If you have a needle-like leaf that is not in a bundle what is it? THERE IS NOT ENOUGH Genetics INFOMRATION TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION_ 1. _DNA_ is the genetic material that carries inherited traits and is found in the NUCLEUS_ of a cell. 2. GENES role is to determine the traits of an organism. 3. Gregor Mendel found that certain traits dominated or ruled over other traits. Explain how he proved this was true with pea plants. (Use your Genetic Notes for help) WHEN HE CROSS POLLINATED A TALL PEA PLANT WITH A SHORT PEA PLANT THE RESULT WAS A TALL PEA PLANT 4. If humans all reproduced asexual, what would our offspring look like? ALL THE SAME/IDENTICAL 5. _SELECTIVE BREEDING _ is when humans select what traits to breed for in animals. 6. A wild rat species that develops a darker fur over time due to environmental changes is an example of _NATURAL SELECTION 7. A person who takes the pollen from one plant and puts it on another plant s ova is participating in _SELECTIVE BREEDING OR SEXUAL REPRODUCTION 8. A farmer breeds a large bull with a large female cow to get offspring that are big to sell for meat. What is this process called?_selective BREEDING 9. _NATURAL SELECTION_ is when traits change over time within a population due to natural causes 10. The dominant trait for long legs is represented by T. The recessive trait for short legs is represented by t. a. If a dog has a combination of TT what will it look like?_long LEGS b. If a dog has a combination of Tt what will it look like?_long LEGS c. If a dog has a combination of tt what will it look like?_short LEGS

5 11. Draw an arrow to the part of the cell that contains genes and NAME it NUCLEUS 12. What does DNA in the nucleus look like? COILED OR TWISTED 13. There are two colors of moths- peppered (black and off white) and white. a.which color of moth would be best adapted for trees that are dark brown? PEPPERED b.after time factories caused the tree color to change to white because of the ash they created. Which color of moth would be best adapted for trees that are white from ash? WHITE c.the peppered moths and white moths died due to the color of the tree, but the ones that blended into the trees best survived. What is this an example of?_natural SELECTION 14. People like cats with folded ears. Explain how a breeder of cats could have kittens that have folded ears. MATE A FEMALE AND MALE CAT WITH FOLDED EARS 15. Asexual reproduction has _1 parent while sexual has 2 parents. 16. The offspring of SEXUAL reproduction are more diverse and can be different from their parents. 17. A mother mouse has spots while the father mouse does not. Spots are dominate over a plain coat. Both mice mate and have offspring, some babies have spots, some do not. Where did all the baby mice get their traits from?_both PARENTS 18. If two black dogs have a tan colored puppy, what can you conclude about the tan color trait? TAN COLOR IS A RECESSIVE TRAIT IN DOGS 19. GENES are found on coiled DNA in a cell s _NUCLEUS. Plant and Animal Adaptations & Tropisms 1. Define adaptation: STRUCTURE, BEHAVIOR OR OTHER TRAIT IN AN ORGANISM THAT HELPS IT TO SURVIVE IN ITS ENVIRONMENT A. List 2 adaptations that help birds catch food BEAK SHAPE AND SHARP CLAWS ON FEET_ B. How does a fish s gills help it survive? ALLOWS THEM TO BREATHE SO THE DO NOT HAVE TO COME TO THE SURFACE FOR AIR 2. Where would animals with long, thick fur live? _COLD TEMPERATURES 3. How does their thick fur help them in this type of environment? FUR TRAPS HEAT TO KEEP THEM WARM 4. During winter some animals, like chipmunks, go into _HIBERNATION because resources are hard to find and this process slows their bodies responses and limits their energy needs.

6 5. Why do animals migrate in the winter? TO BE IN TEMPERATURES WARM ENOUGH TO SURVIVE 6. Some birds have solid bones and some have hollow bones. a.how do hollow bones help birds? LESS WEIGHT TO ALLOW THEM TO FLY b.how do solid bones help a penguin? MORE WEIGHT TO HELP THEM DIVE IN THE WATER FOR FOOD 7. _TROPISM is a plants response to a stimulus 8. If a potted plant tips sideways, what causes the stem to grow up and the roots to grow down?_gravity 9. A plants response to gravity is called _GRAVITROPISM 10. Write the equation for photosynthesis below: 6CO2 + 6H2O + LIGHT C6H12O8 + 6O2 CARBON DIOXIDE WATER GLUCOSE OXYGEN 11. What three things does a plant need for photosynthesis to occur? (hint* look on left side of equation) _CARBON DIOXIDE, _WATER_ and _LIGHT 12. What form/type of energy do plants get from the sun? RADIANT ENERGY 13. What energy transformation happens during photosynthesis? RADIANT CHEMICAL 14. Low TURGOR pressure caused the plant in the picture to wilt. 15. List 1 thing could you do to the plant to stop it from wilting. -ADD WATER TO THE PLANT 16. A carrot is found underground. What it an example of? BULB_ 17. What tissue transports water up to the flowers of a sunflower and help the stems, leaves and flowers stand straight and tall? XYLEM 18. If the xylem in a plant is blocked what would happen to it? WILT OR DIE 19. The function of a BULB is to store food for a plant for it to use during harsh conditions. Lab Safety 1. What is the first thing you do before beginning an experiment? COME UP WITH A PROBLEM TO SOLVE 2. Why is it not safe to eat snacks during a lab investigation? -MIGHT RUIN THE INVESTIGATION -MIGHT MAKE YOU SICK