The Effect of Water Stress on the Efficacy of Mesotrione to Control Weeds in Cool-season Turfgrass Stands
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1 The Effect of Water Stress on the Efficacy of Mesotrione to Control Weeds in Cool-season Turfgrass Stands Charles T. Golob, William J. Johnston, Matt Williams, and Karine Paré Dept. Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State University Final Report Protocol ID#: HMS801D4-2006US A study was conducted at the Washington State University Turfgrass and Agronomy Research Center (TARC) in Pullman, WA. on 4 different coolseason turfgrass species ( Treasure chewings fescue, NuDestiny Kentucky bluegrass, Gallery perennial ryegrass, and Inferno tall fescue) to evaluate the effect of water stress on the efficacy of mesotrione to control weeds. Two independently irrigated 80 x 80 plots were used. One plot was irrigated to 50% ET and the other to 100% ET. Within each plot all 4 turfgrass species were planted each in a 36 x 40 block on 1 Jun 06. Weeds in the study were naturally occurring and no additional weeds were planted. The following weeds were present in the study area: pigweed Amaranthus spp. (3 different types redroot, prostrate, and tumble), common lambsquarter Chenopodium album, prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola, pineappleweed Matricaria matricarioides, Canada thistle Circium arvense, mayweed chamomile Anthemis cotula, dandelion Taraxacum officinale, common groundsel Senecio vulgaris, common mallow Malva neglecta, shepardspurse Capsella bursa-pastoris, witchgrass Panicum capillare, and barnyardgrass Echinochloa crusgalli. The weeds and grasses were grown for approximately 10 weeks prior to the first application of mesotrione. Each irrigation regimen was mowed once per week at 2 inches. The first application of mesotrione was applied on 10 Aug 06 and split application treatments applied 3 weeks later on 31 Aug 06. Individual plot size was 6 x 10. Each week following the first application percent weed control and phytotoxicity were rated through week 6. Percent weed control was rated compared to the control and phytotoxicity was rated on a scale from 0-10; with 10 = dead turf. A log of ET (in), watering time (min), max/min temperatures ( o F), precipitation (in), were taken during the study (Table 1).
2 RESULTS Note: Within each of the irrigation regimens most of the annual weeds were setting seed when the first application of mesotrione was applied 10 weeks after planting on 10 Aug 2006 (Figure 1). With the weeds at such an advanced growth stage it was apparent that mesotrione was not as effective in controlling them as we had noted in earlier studies, especially following single applications of mesotrione. Weed control: Generally, in this study, there appeared to be no increase in weed control under the water stressed (50% ET) irrigation regimen when compared to the 100% ET regimen for any of the 4 turfgrass species (Tables 2, 3, 4, and 5). As expected weed control increased with increased rates and following split applications. The highest level of weed control was achieved following each of the 3 split applications. Of the annual grass weeds in the study, mesotrione was effective in controlling barnyardgrass and not very effective in controlling witchgrass. Phytotoxicity: Generally, in each of the 4 turfgrasses, phytotoxicity was higher in the 100% ET irrigation regimen when compared to the 50% ET regimen (Tables 6, 7, 8, and 9). Figure 2 illustrates the difference in phytotoxicity of Treasure chewings fescue 3 WAT. Overall, Kentucky bluegrass showed the least amount of phytotoxicity followed by perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and then fineleaf fescue.
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4 Table 1. Weather and Irrigation Data Precip. Irrigation Air Temperature ET (inches) 100% 50% (deg. F) Date (inches) Daily (minutes watered) Max Min Aug T Sept T Total Application dates
5 Table 2. Percent weed control with mesotrione in Treasure chewings fescue. Weed control (%) Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Table 3. Percent weed control with mesotrione in NuDestiny Kentucky bluegrass. Weed control (%) Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS &
6 Table 4. Percent weed control with mesotrione in Gallery perennial ryegrass. Weed control (%) Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Table 5. Percent weed control with mesotrione in Inferno tall fescue. Weed control (%) Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS &
7 Table 6. Phytotoxicity of mesotrione on Treasure chewings fescue. Phytotoxicity (rated 0-10; 10 = dead) Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Table 7. Phytotoxicity of mesotrione on NuDestiny Kentucky bluegrass. Phytotoxicity (rated 0-10; 10 = dead) Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS &
8 Table 8. Phytotoxicity of mesotrione on Gallery perennial ryegrass. Phytotoxicity (rated 0-10; 10 = dead) Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Table 9. Phytotoxicity of mesotrione on Inferno tall fescue. Phytotoxicity (rated 0-10; 10 = dead) Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS & Mesotrione + NIS &
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