Solution Authoring Guidelines Version 9.4 September 2016
|
|
- Christal May
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Solution Authoring Guidelines Version 9.4 September 2016
2 Subject-specific Guidelines- Biology Table of Contents B1. Technology... 3 B2. Special points/others... 3 List of changes made over Version 9.1 Removed B1. Content and B4. Conceptual questions.. Page no.3 List of changes made over Version 9.2 Modified the point (b) in B2.Special points/others..... Page no.3 List of changes made over Version 9.3 Modified B2(b).Page no. 3 2
3 B1. Technology a. Use ChemBio/ChemDraw for Chemical structures. b. Use CorelDraw or Serif DrawPlus for other diagrams. c. Should you wish to use a different program, please check first with your Territory Manager. B2. Special points/others a. Names of Species and genes should be in italics. b. The correct option(s) in match the following type questions should be boxed. c. The symbols for males ( ) and females ( ) should be used for solutions of genetic books. The symbol for males can be created by holding down ALT and pressing 11, while the symbol for females can be created by holding down ALT and pressing 12. Back 3
4 Sample solutions Biology List of changes made over Version 9.2 Sample example 3-MCQ type has been added..page no. 7 Sample example 4-Fill in the blank type has been added..page no. 8 Sample example 5-True or False type has been added...page no.9 Sample example 7- New Very Short Answer Type has been added...page no.12 List of changes made over Version 9.3 Sample example 1- Calculation based has been modified..page no.5 4
5 Biology Example 1: Calculation based Question: Normal human hemoglobin has an isoelectric point of A mutant variety of hemoglobin, known as sickle-cell hemoglobin, has an isoelectric point of The titration curve of hemoglobin indicates that, in this ph range, 13 groups change ionization states per unit change in ph range. Calculate the difference in ionic charge between molecules of normal and sickle-cell hemoglobin. Solution: Calculate the difference in the charges between sickle-cell hemoglobin and normal hemoglobin using the following formula: z n ph Here, the number of charged groups is n, the change in ph is ΔpH, and the charge is z. Number of charged groups in Normal hemoglobin, n is 13. The isoelectric point of the normal hemoglobin is 6.87 The isoelectric point of sickle-cell hemoglobin is Substitute the values in the formula. Δz nδph = 2.86 or 3 Thus, the difference of the charges between sickle-cell hemoglobin and normal hemoglobin is three approximately. Therefore, sickle-cell hemoglobin is three ionic charges less or negative than normal hemoglobin. 5
6 Biology Example 2: Conceptual Question: What are the three economically important members of the Moraceae? Solution: Moraceae is one of the four Urticalean Rosid families. These families were first a part of the order Utricales. They are now included in the order Rosales. Moraceae is generally known as the mulberry family. It consists of monoecious and dioecious trees, shrubs, lianas, and herbs. Economically important members of Moraceae include the following: The latex from the bark of Ficus elastica is used to manufacture rubber. The fruits from the plant Artocarpus altilis is edible and is called the jack fruit or the breadfruit. Edible figs are obtained from Ficus carica. The leaves of Moringa are used as food for the silkmoth. They also have the nutritive value and can be used as food for humans. The fruits of Moringa are used as vegetables. Morus alba or mulberry is used in the manufacture of silk. The bark of paper mulberry is used for obtaining fibers, which are used in the cloth manufacturing industry. Match the following questions: Match the following questions contain two different or related options, which should be matched with each other. All the correct options should be boxed. Example: 6
7 Biology Example 3: Multiple Choice Question Type Question Prolonged muscle inactivity as in siting causes a(n) a) Increase in blood lipids b) Increase in calories burned c) Decrease in blood glucose d) All the above Solution Sitting inactive for prolonged periods would allow our body to accumulate various compounds in our body. In specific, there is only one compound that accumulates faster than any other. Observe this condition option by option in the following steps: The burning of calories requires enhanced activity but not prolonged inactive state that results in storage of energy. Hence, the option (b) is not the correct answer. Decreased muscle activity leads to under-utilization of the available glucose, increasing its content in the blood. Hence, the option (c) is not the correct answer. As decreased muscle activity increases blood lipids, decreases the number of calories burned, and increases blood glucose levels. Thus, only the option (a) is correct and all the other options are not correct. Thus, the option (d) is also incorrect. Inactivity of the muscles for extended durations results in the accumulation of excess energy as lipids. Prolonged sitting is hazardous. During this time, leg muscles relax and decrease the production of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). LPL is essential for uptake of lipids from the blood and for production of HDL. As the production of LPL decreases, accumulation of lipids in the blood increases. Hence, the correct answer is Option a. 7
8 Biology Example 4: Fill in the blank Type Question: A common type of knee injury seen in football, usually caused by a hard blow to the lateral side of the knee while the foot is fixed on the ground, involves the rupture of the and tearing of the and the and is also known as unhappy triad. Solution: A general type of knee injury, which produces swelling and leakage of blood from injured blood vessels, is also responsible for the ruptures of the closed areas near to injury. The damaged regions around the injured blood vessels are synovial membrane, collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament and menisci. Tearing of ligament produces tearing of the meniscus. Tearing of ligaments is observed in football and rugby when the knee experiences a hit from the lateral side when the foot is at rest. When the three parts of the knee joint get injured along with the injury of medial meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, and tibial collateral ligament, it is termed as unhappy triad. So, first blank can be filled with anterior cruciate ligament. The second blank can be filled with ligament and the third blank can be filled with Meniscus. 8
9 Biology Example 5: True or False Type Question Provide correct answer for the following statement, whether it is true/false The major cause of intellectual disability is a neurologic disease. Solution Intellectual disability refers to significant limitation in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. The factors are prenatal factors, environmental factors, and neurological diseases (like Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)). These factors may alter the cognitive function that results in mental retardation. Profound intellectual disability is caused due to neurological diseases which occur in 2% of the cases. So, neurological disease cannot be considered as major cause of intellectual disability. Hence, the above statement is false. 9
10 Biology Example 6: Structure based Question: Explain how MIT, DIT, T3, and T4 relate to each other structurally? Solution: MIT is the monoiodotyrosine. It is the precursor of thyroid hormone. It is formed when iodine is added to the tyrosine molecule, and has the following structure: DIT is the diiodotyrosine. It is formed by addition of two atoms of iodine to the tyrosine or by addition of iodine to MIT. DIT has the following structure: 10
11 T 4 or thyroxine is synthesized when two DIT molecules combine. Two iodines on each DIT molecule add to a total of four iodines to the T 4 molecule. T 3 or triiodothyronine is formed when one molecule of MIT combines with one molecule of DIT. Therefore, T3, on the whole contains 3 iodines in its structure. Therefore, by observing the structures of MIT, DIT, T3, and T4, it can be inferred that all of them are the derivatives of the amino acid, tyrosine. Also, MIT and DIT are the main precursors of the hormone, thyroxine. 11
12 Biology Example 7: Very Short answer Type Question: Protein synthesis takes place much more slowly in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. Give a reason why. Solution: Protein synthesis takes place much more slowly in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes because of the following reasons: Translation in prokaryotes is coupled with transcription which indicates that as soon as the mrna is transcribed, ribosomes attach to it and start the process of translation. This simultaneous process of transcription and translation occurs because there is no defined nucleus in prokaryotes. In eukaryotes, the mrna is produced in the nucleus, which then undergoes modification, and finally enters the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. This separation of transcription and translation occurs in space and time. 12
13 Biology Example 8: Diagrammatic Question: Explain how the cellular and subcellular structure of skeletal muscle relates to the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. Solution: A sarcomere is the fundamental unit of skeletal muscle and includes repeating segments of the proteins actin and myosin. The sarcomere is the cellular structure of the skeletal muscle, while the actin and myosin filaments are the subcellular structures. The following diagram represents the sarcomere: The sliding filament theory of skeletal muscle contraction was based on observable differences made between contracted and relaxed muscle tissue. To understand the filament theory, it is necessary to know the anatomy of a muscle cell. Muscle cells, also known as muscle fibers, are made up of bundles of cylindrical organelles called myofibrils. Myofibrils are surrounded by other organelles such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, granules, and a plasma membrane (sarcolemma). Myofibrils contain two rod-shaped proteins called actin and myosin that lie parallel to each other in an overlapping pattern. Actin and myosin are also called thin and thick filaments respectively, because of their relative thickness (that is, actin is thin and myosin is thick). Actin filaments are joined together at a structure called the Z-line, also known as the Z-disk. In the middle of the myosin is the M-line, which is also the anchor point for myosin. The repeating pattern from the Z-line of one actin filament to the Z-line of an adjacent actin filament is defined as a sarcomere. The sarcomere is the fundamental unit of skeletal muscle tissue. The area of a sarcomere, where myosin is not overlapping with actin is called the H-zone and is observably lighter in color than the rest of the sarcomere under a microscope. This is what gives the skeletal muscle, its striated or banded appearance. The area that spans the length of the myosin filament is called the A-band. The area where actin is not overlapping with myosin is called the I-band. 13
14 The sliding filament theory of skeletal muscle contraction was developed, when scientists observed that a contracted sarcomere had different length, than a sarcomere at rest. In a contracted muscle fiber, the H-zone decreased to almost nothing, the I-band decreased in size, and the Z-lines and A-bands were closer together. The sliding filament theory is that the interaction between actin and myosin filaments during contraction caused the sarcomere to decrease in size, as adjacent actin and myosin filaments pulled closer together. The anatomy of actin and myosin filaments further demonstrates the sliding filament theory. Each myosin filament contains numerous strands of myosin molecules with globular heads. The myosin heads have a site for ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the ability to break down ATP for energy, and a site for binding with actin filament. Actin filaments have sites for binding with the myosin heads and structures that cover these binding sites to prevent interaction with myosin heads when at rest. When actin and myosin are bound together, a cross-bridge is formed and then energy from the use of ATP is used to slide the actin filaments closer together. Back 14
According to the diagram, which of the following is NOT true?
Instructions: Review Chapter 44 on muscular-skeletal systems and locomotion, and then complete the following Blackboard activity. This activity will introduce topics that will be covered in the next few
More informationUNIT 6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
UNIT 6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM I. Functions of Muscular System A. Produces Movement Internal vs. External «locomotion & manipulation «circulate blood & maintain blood pressure «move fluids, food, baby B. Maintaining
More informationMuscle tissue. Types. Functions. Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal
Types Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal Functions movements posture and body position Support soft tissues Guard openings body temperature nutrient reserves Muscle tissue Special Characteristics of Muscle
More informationPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 MUSCLE TISSUE Fall 2016
PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 MUSCLE TISSUE Fall 2016 2 Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue Overview of Muscle Tissue types of muscle: are all prefixes for muscle Contractility all muscles cells can Smooth & skeletal
More informationNucleus. The nucleus is a membrane bound organelle that store, protect and express most of the genetic information(dna) found in the cell.
Nucleus The nucleus is a membrane bound organelle that store, protect and express most of the genetic information(dna) found in the cell. Since regulation of gene expression takes place in the nucleus,
More informationModeling. EC-Coupling and Contraction
Bioeng 6460 Electrophysiology and Bioelectricity Modeling of EC-Coupling and Contraction Frank B. Sachse fs@cvrti.utah.edu Overview Quiz Excitation-Contraction Coupling Anatomy Cross Bridge Binding Coupling
More informationNOTE: LOOK ON MY WEBSITE FOR THE MUSCLE LABELING POWER POINT/PDF Part I. Identify the parts of the neuron that are labeled below.
Anatomy & Physiology Nervous System Part I 2/26/16 NOTE: LOOK ON MY WEBSITE FOR THE MUSCLE LABELING POWER POINT/PDF Part I. Identify the parts of the neuron that are labeled below. 1. 2. 3. 5. 4. 6. Part
More informationCells & Cell Organelles. Doing Life s Work
Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life s Work Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote Eukaryotes animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell most bacteria 1-10 microns eukaryotic
More informationCells. A. The iodine diffused into the bag. B. The starch was changed to sugar.
Name: Date: 1. A student filled a bag of dialysis tubing with a milky-white starch solution and placed the bag in a beaker of iodine-water as shown in the diagram. An hour later, the student observed that
More informationAnatomy of Plants Student Notes
Directions: Fill in the blanks. Anatomy of Plants Student Notes Plant Cell Biology Segment 1. Plants Plants are organisms are incapable of movement produce food through 2. Animals Animals are multicellular
More informationTISSUE. A) Types. (i)
MUSCLES & MUSCLE TISSUE I. OVERVIEW - Muscle ( little mouse ) - tissue designed to cause movementt thru contraction ( shortening ). A) Types - There are some SIMILARITIES between muscle types: (i) All
More informationThe diagram below represents levels of organization within a cell of a multicellular organism.
STATION 1 1. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have the capacity to a. assemble into multicellular organisms b. establish symbiotic relationships with other organisms c. obtain energy from the
More informationOur patient for the day...
Muscles Ch.12 Our patient for the day... Name: Eddy Age: Newborn Whole-body muscle contractions No relaxation Severe difficulty breathing due to inadequate relaxation of breathing muscles Diagnosed with
More informationMultiple Choice Review- Eukaryotic Gene Expression
Multiple Choice Review- Eukaryotic Gene Expression 1. Which of the following is the Central Dogma of cell biology? a. DNA Nucleic Acid Protein Amino Acid b. Prokaryote Bacteria - Eukaryote c. Atom Molecule
More information(Be sure to clearly state the principles addressed in your discussion.)
CELL QUESTION 1992: AP BIOLOGY A laboratory assistant prepared solutions of 0.8 M, 0.6 M, 0.4 M, and 0.2 M sucrose, but forgot to label them. After realizing the error, the assistant randomly labeled the
More information7.L.1.2 Plant and Animal Cells. Plant and Animal Cells
7.L.1.2 Plant and Animal Cells Plant and Animal Cells Clarifying Objective: 7.L.1.2 Compare the structures and functions of plant and animal cells; include major organelles (cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus,
More informationBiology. Mrs. Michaelsen. Types of cells. Cells & Cell Organelles. Cell size comparison. The Cell. Doing Life s Work. Hooke first viewed cork 1600 s
Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote - no organelles Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life s Work Eukaryotes - organelles animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell most
More informationIntroduction to Cells
Life Science Introduction to Cells All life forms on our planet are made up of cells. In ALL organisms, cells have the same basic structure. The scientist Robert Hooke was the first to see cells under
More informationCell Organelles Tutorial
1 Name: Cell Organelles Tutorial TEK 7.12D: Differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast,
More informationIntroduction to Cells
Life Science Introduction to Cells All life forms on our planet are made up of cells. In ALL organisms, cells have the same basic structure. The scientist Robert Hooke was the first to see cells under
More informationCell Organelles. 2. Cells are the basic unit of organization in an organism Cells tissues organ organ system organism
Cell Organelles What are some of the differences you see between these two cells? A. Cell Theory 1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of organization in an organism
More informationNAME: PERIOD: DATE: A View of the Cell. Use Chapter 8 of your book to complete the chart of eukaryotic cell components.
NAME: PERIOD: DATE: A View of the Cell Use Chapter 8 of your book to complete the chart of eukaryotic cell components. Cell Part Cell Wall Centriole Chloroplast Cilia Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic
More informationChapter 5: The Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapter 5: The Fundamental Unit of Life KEY CONCEPTS : [ *rating as per the significance of concept] CONCEPTS RATING Study of historical perceptive related to cell discovery Study of Microscope ** Study
More information2. Cellular and Molecular Biology
2. Cellular and Molecular Biology 2.1 Cell Structure 2.2 Transport Across Cell Membranes 2.3 Cellular Metabolism 2.4 DNA Replication 2.5 Cell Division 2.6 Biosynthesis 2.1 Cell Structure What is a cell?
More informationBiology Exam #1 Study Guide. True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. F 1. All living things are composed of many cells.
Biology Exam #1 Study Guide True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. F 1. All living things are composed of many cells. T 2. Membranes are selectively permeable if they allow only certain
More informationBasic Structure of a Cell
Basic Structure of a Cell Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus Archaea & Eubacteria One circular chromosome Extremely small Eukaryotic Cells Has a nucleus!!! Membrane-bound organelles Plants, Animals, Fungi, &
More information9/11/18. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 3. The Cell From Genes to Proteins. key processes
Molecular and Cellular Biology Animal Cell ((eukaryotic cell) -----> compare with prokaryotic cell) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Rough ER Smooth ER Flagellum Nuclear envelope Nucleolus NUCLEUS Chromatin
More informationCELL PRACTICE TEST
Name: Date: 1. As a human red blood cell matures, it loses its nucleus. As a result of this loss, a mature red blood cell lacks the ability to (1) take in material from the blood (2) release hormones to
More informationTurns sunlight, water & carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into sugar & oxygen through photosynthesis
CELL PART/ ORGANELLE FUNCTION (what it does) PICTURE Plant, Animal, or Both Cell Membrane controls what goes in & out of the cell protects the cell Nucleus directs all the cell s activities contains cell
More informationDr. Dina A. A. Hassan Associate Professor, Pharmacology
Cytology Dr. Dina A. A. Hassan Associate Professor, Pharmacology Email: da.hassan@psau.edu.sa Cells All living things are made up of cells Basic building blocks of life It is the smallest functional and
More informationOrganelles & Cells Student Edition. A. chromosome B. gene C. mitochondrion D. vacuole
Name: Date: 1. Which structure is outside the nucleus of a cell and contains DNA? A. chromosome B. gene C. mitochondrion D. vacuole 2. A potato core was placed in a beaker of water as shown in the figure
More informationGuided Reading Activities
Name Period Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell Guided Reading Activities Big Idea: Introduction to the Cell Answer the following questions as you read Modules 4.1 4.4: 1. A(n) uses a beam of light to illuminate
More information9/2/17. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 3. The Cell From Genes to Proteins. key processes
Molecular and Cellular Biology Animal Cell ((eukaryotic cell) -----> compare with prokaryotic cell) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Rough ER Smooth ER Flagellum Nuclear envelope Nucleolus NUCLEUS Chromatin
More informationComponents of a functional cell. Boundary-membrane Cytoplasm: Cytosol (soluble components) & particulates DNA-information Ribosomes-protein synthesis
Cell (Outline) - Components of a functional cell - Major Events in the History of Earth: abiotic and biotic phases; anaerobic and aerobic atmosphere - Prokaryotic cells impact on the biosphere - Origin
More informationPrinciples of Cellular Biology
Principles of Cellular Biology آشنایی با مبانی اولیه سلول Biologists are interested in objects ranging in size from small molecules to the tallest trees: Cell Basic building blocks of life Understanding
More informationTHE CELL THEORY (R+R+R+E+G+N+T+S) 3).
CELL BIOLOGY All living things are made up of small individual units called cells. Cells are the smallest functioning living unit. Cells can not normally be seen with the naked eye. To usually observe
More informationThe Cell Notes 1 of 11
The Cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things The smallest units in living things The smallest units in living things that show the characteristics of life Organisms can be made of
More informationOutline. Cell Structure and Function. Cell Theory Cell Size Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Organelles. Chapter 4
Cell Structure and Function Chapter 4 Cell Theory Cell Size Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Organelles! Nucleus Outline! Endomembrane System! Cytoskeleton! Centrioles, Cilia, and Flagella 1 2 Cell Theory
More informationBiology I Fall Semester Exam Review 2014
Biology I Fall Semester Exam Review 2014 Biomolecules and Enzymes (Chapter 2) 8 questions Macromolecules, Biomolecules, Organic Compunds Elements *From the Periodic Table of Elements Subunits Monomers,
More informationNumber of questions TEK (Learning Target) Biomolecules & Enzymes
Unit Biomolecules & Enzymes Number of questions TEK (Learning Target) on Exam 8 questions 9A I can compare and contrast the structure and function of biomolecules. 9C I know the role of enzymes and how
More informationDiscovery of the Cell
Cell Structure Discovery of the Cell Who discovered cells? 1665 Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to examine a piece of cork (20X magnification) He saw little boxes in the cork and called them cells
More informationDO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST Topic 3- Cells and Transport
Topic 3- Cells and Transport 1. All of the following are true regarding cells except? A) All cells have genetic material B) All cells have cell walls C) All cells have plasma membranes D) All cells can
More informationSOL REVIEW cell structure, classification, genetic identity, and place in a food web.
SOL REVIEW Cryptozoology is the investigation of undiscovered organisms. A National Geographic photographer was investigating some sightings of the elusive Florida Skunk ape. The skunk ape is similar to
More informationCell Structure and Function Practice
Cell Structure and Function Practice 1. The National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) has a command center in Houston, Texas, that directs space missions. Which part of a cell functions like this command
More informationLesson Overview. Gene Regulation and Expression. Lesson Overview Gene Regulation and Expression
13.4 Gene Regulation and Expression THINK ABOUT IT Think of a library filled with how-to books. Would you ever need to use all of those books at the same time? Of course not. Now picture a tiny bacterium
More informationBase your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below which represents a typical green plant cell and on your knowledge of biology.
Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below which represents a typical green plant cell and on your knowledge of biology. 5. Which letter corresponds to that of the endoplasmic reticulum?
More informationLecture 13, 05 October 2004 Chapter 10, Muscle. Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.
Lecture 13, 05 October 2004 Chapter 10, Muscle Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall 2004 instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.: Nate Swenson Vertebrate Physiology 437 18 1. Muscle A. Sarcomere
More informationCh 7: Cell Structure and Functions. AP Biology
Ch 7: Cell Structure and Functions AP Biology The Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. New cells come from existing cells. 3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living
More information13. The diagram below shows two different kinds of substances, A and B, entering a cell.
Name 1. In the binomial system of nomenclature, which two classification groups provide the scientific name of an organism? A) kingdom and phylum B) phylum and species C) kingdom and genus D) genus and
More informationHonors Biology Fall Final Exam Study Guide
Honors Biology Fall Final Exam Study Guide Helpful Information: Exam has 100 multiple choice questions. Be ready with pencils and a four-function calculator on the day of the test. Review ALL vocabulary,
More informationReading Assignments. A. Genes and the Synthesis of Polypeptides. Lecture Series 7 From DNA to Protein: Genotype to Phenotype
Lecture Series 7 From DNA to Protein: Genotype to Phenotype Reading Assignments Read Chapter 7 From DNA to Protein A. Genes and the Synthesis of Polypeptides Genes are made up of DNA and are expressed
More informationWhat in the Cell is Going On?
What in the Cell is Going On? Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect... (July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings
More informationModelling Muscle Contraction a multiscale approach
Porto Ercole, M&MKT 2016 Multiscale Systems from Particles to Continuum: Modelling and Computation Modelling Muscle Contraction a multiscale approach Giovanni Naldi Dipartimento di Matematica ``F. Enriques
More informationJoy of Science Experience the evolution of the Universe, Earth and Life
Joy of Science Experience the evolution of the Universe, Earth and Life Review Introduction Main contents Group discussions Unless otherwise noted, pictures are taken from wikipedia.org Review 1 Organic
More informationNAME: PERIOD: The Cell and Its Functions
NAME: PERIOD: The Cell and Its Functions Directions: Using your notes and book as a guide, complete the following questions to review everything we have learned about cells, their parts, and any functions
More informationNCERT solution for Fundamental Unit of Life
1 NCERT solution for Fundamental Unit of Life Question 1 Who discovered cells and how? An English Botanist, Robert Hooke discovered cells. In 1665, he used self-designed microscope to observe cells in
More informationB05 comparison of plant and animal cells.notebook. November 22, 2012
Worksheet:List of Cell Organelles and Functions Instructions: After watching the video, complete the following table http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1gqycijata&feature=related Organelle Location Function
More informationCELLS Objectives for Exam #1: Objective for Portfolio #1: rt I: Cellular Structure and Function Station A: Cellular Organelles
CELLS Objectives for Exam #1: 1. Describe basic cellular structures and functions, including the organelles and plasma membrane. 2. Discuss different cellular shapes and different stages of cellular lives.
More informationCells and the Stuff They re Made of. Indiana University P575 1
Cells and the Stuff They re Made of Indiana University P575 1 Goal: Establish hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales, and governing processes at each scale of cellular function: o Where does emergent
More informationCell (Learning Objectives)
Cell (Learning Objectives) 1. Understand & describe the basic components necessary for a functional cell. 2. Review the order of appearance of cells on earth and explain the endosymbiotic theory. 3. Compare
More informationChapter 5: The Fundamental Unit of Life Science
Chapter 5: The Fundamental Unit of Life Science 1 Who discovered cells and how? An English Botanist, Robert Hooke discovered cells In 1665, he used self-designed microscope to observe cells in a cork slice
More informationCells. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Cells Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Microscopy Methods of histology: Treat the tissue with a preservative (e.g. formaldehyde). Dissect the region of interest. Embed
More informationClass Work 31. Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus? 32. How do proteins travel from the E.R. to the Golgi apparatus? 33. After proteins are m
Eukaryotes Class Work 1. What does the word eukaryote mean? 2. What is the one major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? 3. List the different kingdoms of the eukaryote domain in the order in
More information9/8/2010. Chapter 4. Structures Internal to the Cell Wall. The Plasma Membrane. Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Johana Meléndez Part II slides 39-87 Lectures prepared by Christine L. Case Structures Internal to the Cell Wall Learning Objectives 4-8
More information2. Draw two water molecules. Using a dotted line, show a hydrogen bond that could form between them.
Biology Final Review Packet Directions: Answer the questions below. You may use any notes, worksheets, or your textbook to find the answers. The questions are divided up based on the different units we
More informationCellular Neuroanatomy I The Prototypical Neuron: Soma. Reading: BCP Chapter 2
Cellular Neuroanatomy I The Prototypical Neuron: Soma Reading: BCP Chapter 2 Functional Unit of the Nervous System The functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron. Neurons are cells specialized
More informationBIO.A.1 Basic Biological Principles
BIO.A.1 Basic Biological Principles Bio.A.1.1 - Explain the characteristics common to all organisms Bio.A.1.2 Describe relationships between the structure & function at biological levels of organization
More informationOld FINAL EXAM BIO409/509 NAME. Please number your answers and write them on the attached, lined paper.
Old FINAL EXAM BIO409/509 NAME Please number your answers and write them on the attached, lined paper. Gene expression can be regulated at several steps. Describe one example for each of the following:
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. Foundations of Chemistry Cells and their Membranes Homeostasis and Inheritance Bones and Joints
TABLE OF CONTENTS Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Foundations of Chemistry Cells and their Membranes Homeostasis and Inheritance Bones and Joints Nerve Cells
More informationChapter 17. From Gene to Protein. Biology Kevin Dees
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein DNA The information molecule Sequences of bases is a code DNA organized in to chromosomes Chromosomes are organized into genes What do the genes actually say??? Reflecting
More informationCell Review: Day "Pseudopodia" literally means? a) False feet b) True motion c) False motion d) True feet
Cell Review: Day 1 1. "Pseudopodia" literally means? a) False feet b) True motion c) False motion d) True feet Cell Review: Day 1 2. What is the primary method of movement for Euglena? a) Flagella b) Cilia
More informationCell Theory. Cell Structure. Chapter 4. Cell is basic unit of life. Cells discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke
Cell Structure Chapter 4 Cell is basic unit of life Cell Theory Cells discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke Early cell studies conducted by - Mathias Schleiden (1838) - Theodor Schwann (1839) Schleiden &
More informationBASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
BASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES A1 A1. Basic Biological Principles 1. Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms 2. Compare cellular structures and their function
More informationBasic Biological Principles
Basic Biological Principles Use the diagram below to answer question 1. Moth Life Cycle larva egg pupa Adult 1. Which characteristic of life is best shown by this diagram? A. DNA is the genetic code in
More informationA Chromosomes are made of compacted chromatin C D
iology 111 Lecture xam 1 PLAS O NOT WRIT ON THIS XAM Write Section Number and xam olor on your Scantron MW 9397 11:55 AM MW 4641 4:40 PM MW 0302 3:05 PM ach Question is worth 1.875 points There are 80
More informationFREEMAN MEDIA INTEGRATION GUIDE Chapter 7: Inside the Cell
FREEMAN MEDIA INTEGRATION GUIDE Chapter 7: Inside the Cell All media is on the Instructors Resource CD/DVD JPEG Resources Figures, Photos, and Tables PowerPoint Resources Chapter Outline with Figures Lecture
More informationCell Types. Prokaryotes
Cell Types Prokaryotes before nucleus no membrane-bound nucleus only organelle present is the ribosome all other reactions occur in the cytoplasm not very efficient Ex.: bacteria 1 Cell Types Eukaryotes
More informationCELLS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CELLS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Jhia Anjela D. Rivera Department of Biological Sciences School of Science and Technology Centro Escolar University DISCOVERY OF CELLS Robert Hooke (1665): Observed a thin slice
More informationChapter 7.2. Cell Structure
Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure Daily Objectives Describe the structure and function of the cell nucleus. Describe the function and structure of membrane bound organelles found within the cell. Describe the
More informationChapter 3: Cells and Their Functions. Copyright 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Chapter 3: Cells and Their Functions Overview Key Terms active transport filtration mitochondria cancer gene mitosis carcinogen hemolysis mutation chromosome hypertonic nucleus cytology hypotonic organelle
More informationUnit 1 Cell Biology Topic 1: Cell Structure
Unit 1 Cell Biology Topic 1: Cell Structure Lesson 1.1.1 I will know I am successful if I can: 1. Label all parts of plant and animal cells and state their functions 2. State the differences between plant
More informationHuman biology Cells: The Basic Units of Life. Dr. Rawaa Salim Hameed
Human biology Cells: The Basic Units of Life Dr. Rawaa Salim Hameed Reference Text book of human biology by John Kenneth Inglis 3 rd Ed (1985) Cells: The Basic Units of Life Cell theory Cell theory consists
More informationBiology Slide 1 of 20
Biology 1 of 20 8-1 Energy and Life 2 of 20 8-1 Energy and Life Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food? Living things need energy to survive. This energy comes
More informationCell Structure and Cell Cycle
E X E R C I S E 4 Cell Structure and Cell Cycle Materials model or diagram of a cell compound microscopes and lens paper prepared slides of human skeletal muscle cells, pseudostratified ciliated columnar
More information5. The cells in the liver that detoxify poison substances contain lots of a. smooth ER b. rough ER c. Golgi apparatus d. lysosomes e.
Chapter 7 practice 1. What scientist originally came up with the term "cell"? a. von Leeuwenhoek d. Watson b. Hooke e. Virchow c. van der Waals 2. When you wish to look at the coat of a virus on the surface
More informationhttp://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html 4A: Students will compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Robert Hooke (1665) Used a compound microscope to look at thin slices of cork (oak
More informationThe Discovery of Cells
The Discovery of Cells Microscope observations! General Cell & Organelle Discovery 1600s Observations made by scientists using more powerful microscopes in the 1800s led to the formation of the cell theory.
More information7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
1 of 49 Comparing the Cell to a Factory Eukaryotic Cell Structures Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic
More informationCell Theory and Structure. Discoveries What are Cells? Cell Theory Cell Structures Organelles
Cell Theory and Structure Discoveries What are Cells? Cell Theory Cell Structures Organelles Discoveries In 1665 Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork from an oak tree What he saw reminded him of
More informationOrganic Molecules: (All contain carbon) Inorganic Molecules: (Do NOT contain carbon)
Organic Molecules: (All contain carbon) 1.) Carbohydrates: Quick source of energy 2.) Lipids: Long-term energy storage 3.) Proteins: Raw materials and enzyme action (catalysts) Inorganic Molecules: (Do
More informationHonors Biology-CW/HW Cell Biology 2018
Class: Date: Honors Biology-CW/HW Cell Biology 2018 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Hooke s discovery of cells was made observing a. living
More informationCIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination
CIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination Notes Neuron structure The nerve cells called neurones play an important role in coordinating communication within the nervous system. The structure
More informationAnimal Cell Organelles. Plant Cell. Organelle. Cell Wall. Chloroplasts. Vacuole
Cell Biology Higher Electron vs Light Microscope Light use light and lenses to magnify specimen Electron use a beam of electrons to form an image Electron higher magnification and higher resolution Electron
More informationEnergy Transfer. Photosynthesis
Energy Transfer Photosynthesis Energy All living organisms use energy. Energy is needed for metabolism to function. When organisms use energy they use it in the chemical form, ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
More informationI. Molecules & Cells. A. Unit One: The Nature of Science. B. Unit Two: The Chemistry of Life. C. Unit Three: The Biology of the Cell.
I. Molecules & Cells A. Unit One: The Nature of Science a. How is the scientific method used to solve problems? b. What is the importance of controls? c. How does Darwin s theory of evolution illustrate
More informationCell Energetics. How plants make food and everyone makes energy!
Cell Energetics How plants make food and everyone makes energy! Carbon Cycle Where did the mitochondria and chloroplast come from? Endosymbiotic Theory Endosymbiotic theory = a theory that some of the
More informationUnit 2: Chemistry Test Review
Name: Period: Unit 2: Chemistry Test Review 1. List the three states of matter. 2. Describe an atom in terms of its nucleus, valence,shell, electrons, protons, and neutrons. 3. Define the term element
More informationCell Structure: What cells are made of. Can you pick out the cells from this picture?
Cell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture? Review of the cell theory Microscope was developed 1610. Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw living things in pond water. 1677
More informationName # Class Date Regents Review: Cells & Cell Transport
Name # Class Date Regents Review: Cells & Cell Transport 1. All of the following are true regarding cells except? A) All cells have genetic material B) All cells have cell walls C) All cells have plasma
More informationBiology Unit 3 Exam DO NOT WRITE ON THIS EXAM. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Biology Unit 3 Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Water moves into a cell placed in a(n) solution. a. osmotic c. hypotonic b. hypertonic
More information