theoliva Vol.1, n.5 December 31, 2011 Oliva staleyi n.sp.

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1 Oliva staleyi n.sp. Description of a new taxon of Genus Oliva (Gastropoda: Olividae) Comparison with Oliva oliva Linnaeus, 1758, with which it is syntopic. Observations in its habitat. Maurizio A.Perini Contrada Zausa, St.Caterina di Schio (VI) ITALY melapium@yahoo.it Key-words Mollusca, Gastropoda, Olividae, Oliva staleyi n.sp., Oliva oliva, Oliva samarensis, Palawan, Philippines, Bali, Indonesia. Abstract The study of some colonies of various species of Oliva situated on the Southern coast of the Palawan Island (Philippines), the Northern coast of Narra Bay, and on some Eastern and Northeastern beaches on the Bali Island (Indonesia) has brought to light the discovery that Oliva samarensis Johnson, 1915, Oliva oliva (Linnaeus, 1758) and Oliva staleyi n. sp. shared the same sites. This latter taxon has been illustrated with a single specimen by Hunon, Hoarau & Robin (2009) in the iconography of Oliva oliva. The syntopy of Oliva staleyi n.sp. with the two above mentioned species, besides evident biological differences, confirmed that Oliva staleyi can be considered a valid species. Abbreviations NHMV = Natural History Museum of Venice, Italy. MAP = Collection of the author The terms juvenile, subadult, and adult as used here are primarily in reference to the morphology and dimension of the shell. Type material Holotype : 38.5 x 18.2mm (N 4987,NHMV). Paratype 1: 35.0 x 15.5mm (N 4988,NHMV). Paratype 2: 34.7 x 15.9mm (N 4989,NHMV). Paratype 3 : 37.8 x 17.0mm (MAP). Paratype 4: 39.3 x 18.9mm (MAP). Paratype 5: 37.0 x 17.3 mm (MAP). Paratype 6: 33.8 x 14.7mm (MAP). Paratype 7: 33.4 x 15.5mm (MAP). Paratype 7: 33.4 x 15.5mm (MAP). Paratype 8: 33.0 x 14.5mm (MAP). Type locality Northern end of Narra Bay ( North, East), Sulu Sea coast of Palawan Island, Philippines

Plate 1. Oliva staleyi n.sp. A Holotype: 38.5x18.2mm (N 4987, NHMV). B Paratype 1: 35.0x15.5mm (N 4988,NHMV). C Paratype 2: 34.7x15. 9mm (N 4989, NHMV). From Narra, Palawan is., Philippines.

2 Plate 1. Oliva staleyi n.sp. A Holotype: 38.5x18.2mm (N 4987, NHMV). B Paratype 1: 35.0x15.5mm (N 4988,NHMV). C Paratype 2: 34.7x15. 9mm (N 4989, NHMV). From Narra, Palawan is., Philippines. Etymology Named in honor of Ernest E. Staley, American collector and dealer. A great friend to me, he has always encouraged my research projects, particularly those in which he provided outstanding guide service during our trips to Baja Mexico's Sea of Cortez. Description Shell heavy in appearance, but medium-sized for the genus, rarely being over 40 mm. in adult specimens. Protoconch of about 2.8 whorls and diameter less than 1 mm., usually eroded in adult specimens, globular in shape, translucent, with a black nucleus often present inside. Teleoconch of about 4-5 whorls, of which the first 3 are generally brown. The spire is always protracted and is about 1:6 of the total length of the shell (in subadults the ratio is 1:4.5 or less). The suprasutural callosity starts with the teleoconch as a thin transversal line. It rises whorl after whorl and becomes very abundant on the last one, appearing wrinkled or corrugated. Consequently the subsutural (or filament) channel appears narrower than it actually is. The shoulder is short, rounded, never angular. The body whorl has a cylindrical shape with quite parallel sides. The aperture is narrow and parallel with a dark color interiorly (brown in the clear specimens) and a straight outer lip. The parietal area is without plicae but halfway down, a wide white (rarely with purple stripes) columellar callus developes. On the callus only one very thin groove is present (two in subadults) as the last trace of the slight columellar plications usually shown by young specimens. The fasciole zone has a series of alternating light and dark streaks, raised in very old shells, almost creating some tubercules. The color of the shell is prevalently a very dark gray, almost black; the aspect is more glazed than polished. Very rarely, adult individuals may be light or yellowish (plate 5, C). On the contrary, young individuals are often lightly-colored, of a slim aspect (plate 2), then becoming thicker, and of a reddish-brown color with dark patterns as subadults. The pattern, visible on the lighter shells, is almost completely made up of very small speckles and dark spots sometimes amassed together forming numerous transversal bands, sometimes isolated. On the clear specimens one or two very thin brown transversal lines are often present

extending south almost to the Malaysian island of Borneo. Here some beaches were explored on the Southern coast of the island: A) On the Tigman beach, South of Aborlan, ( N 9 21.2, E 118 31.

3 Plate 2. Oliva staleyi n.sp. Juvenile specimens from Tigman beach, Aborlan, Palawan is., Philippines. Average size 17.00mm Habitat at Palawan island Lying just above the equator at about 9 of latitude, Palawan Island anchors the southwest corner of the Philippine Archipelago, with the lower end of the island extending south almost to the Malaysian island of Borneo. Here some beaches were explored on the Southern coast of the island: A) On the Tigman beach, South of Aborlan, ( N , E ) Oliva samarensis and Oliva staleyi are homogeneously distributed in the central zone. The individuals, exclusively juveniles with a size inferior to 20 mm., were present in the intertidal zone, absent in the subtidal zone. B) South of Tigman a series of three small beaches (N , E ), alternating with rocks and mangroves, are sheltered towards the sea by the rocks. Here Oliva samarensis and Oliva staleyi are present with subadult individuals with dimensions inferior to 30 mm. C) On the Northern Coast of Narra Bay (N , E ), adult specimens (over 32 mm.) of Oliva staleyi were present exclusively in the area with coarse-grained sand. These specimens, buried at a depth of a few centimeters, were particularly evident during the low tide

Plate 3. Oliva staleyi n.sp. A Growth series from Tigman Beach, Palawan Is., Philippines. Collected by the author in January, 2000. Size from 21.20mm to 38.95mm.

4 Plate 3. Oliva staleyi n.sp. A Growth series from Tigman Beach, Palawan Is., Philippines. Collected by the author in January, Size from 21.20mm to 38.95mm. B Growth series Pegamentan Bay, Bali Is., Indonesia. Collected by H.V in May, Size from 17.80mm to 40.10mm. C Juvenile specimens from Kuta beach, Bali is., Indonesia. Collected by G.C. in September Size from 18.50mm to 22.15mm

The morphology, very similar to the specimens of Oliva oliva present in Southern India and Sri Lanka, initially led the author to consider the new taxon as the form of Oliva oliva present in the

5 Plate 4. Oliva oliva (Linnaeus, 1758) Growth series from Santa Cruz bay, Marinduque Is. Philippines. Size from 17.50mm to 35.10mm Discussion Oliva staleyi was discovered by the author in January of 2000 on the island of Palawan, syntopic with Oliva samarensis. The morphology, very similar to the specimens of Oliva oliva present in Southern India and Sri Lanka, initially led the author to consider the new taxon as the form of Oliva oliva present in the Philippines. Oliva staleyi at the time was unknown among collectors. It was about in 2006 that the first specimens began to appear on the European market, without a precise identification; the high prices indicating its novelty. The place of origin of these specimens was always the Philippine Archipelago. In 2009 the author received, from a sure source, a number of specimens of Oliva oliva (plate 4) coming from the Santa Cruz Bay of Marinduque Island (Philippines). These light-colored specimens, both juveniles and adults, were morphologicaly similar to the specimens of Oliva oliva coming from the Indian area. This clearly indicated that Oliva staleyi isn't a form of Oliva oliva present in the Philippines, but a distinct species. Towards the end of 2010 the author received a good number of specimens of Oliva staleyi, in different stages of development (Plate 3,B), collected at Pegamentan Bay on the northwest coast of the island of Bali (Indonesia). These specimens were practically identical to those found on Palawan (Plate 3, A). In September of this year a friend of the author brought back to Italy some very young specimens of Oliva staleyi collected at Kuta beach (Plate 3, C) on the western coast of Bali. Here Oliva staleyi was found syntopic with Oliva oliva. He also found a single adult specimen of the new taxon in the area of Lovina (Plate 5, A) on the northern coast of Bali. Plate 5. Oliva staleyi n.sp. The adult specimens often show an evident abrasion on the shell. A from Lovina (Bali is.) B & C from Narra (Palawan is.). Unlike what usually occurs in malacology, the facts that lead us to maintain that Oliva staleyi isn't a form of Oliva oliva but rather a separate species, are of a nature more biological than morphological. Concerning morphology, we may refer to the description, but here there is evidence of three aspects of a biological nature: - 5 -

6 A) Oliva staleyi has been found in two places very far apart: Palawan Island in the Philippines, and in Lovina as well as Kuta on the Island of Bali in Indonesia. As can be seen in the images (plate 3, A & B, plate 5, A & B) the specimens - adults as well as juveniles - are extremely similar. B) At Kuta, Oliva oliva and Oliva staleyi were found to be syntopic. C) In Bali as well as Palawan the adult specimens of Oliva staleyi often show an evident abrasion of the shell (plate 5) which, presumably, can be connected with the biotope occupied. This characteristic hasn't been observed in Oliva oliva. Since the morphological and biological differences among the above taxa, their syntopy and since there are no intermediate forms, it is confirmed that Oliva staleyi can be considered a valid species. Bibliography HANLEY, S.,1855. Ipsa Linnaei Conchylia. The shells of Linnaeus determined by his manuscripts and collection. Williams and Norgate, London. HUNON C., A. HOARAU & A.ROBIN, Olividae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) A complete survey of recent species of the genus Oliva. Xenophora, Paris, France. KAICHER, S.D.,1988,1989. Card Catalogue of World-Wide Shells, Pack # 51 Olividae part III and Pack # 54 Olividae part IV. Petersburg, FL. LINK, D.H.F., Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung Universitat zu Rostock. Adlers Erben. Rostock MARTINI, F.H.W., & J.H. CHEMNITZ, Neues Systematiches Conchylien Cabinet. Nurenberg.. OLSSON, A.A., & S.P.DANCE, The Linnaean Olives. Bull.Ame.Paleont., 50 : 227. PETUCH, E.J., & D.M.SARGENT, Atlas of the Living Olive Shells of the World. The Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Fort Lauderdale, FL. TURSCH, B. & D. GREIFENEDER, Oliva Shells. The genus Oliva and the species problem. L Informatore Piceno, Ancona (Italy). TURSCH, B., O.MISSA, & J.BOUILLON, The taxonomic structure of Oliva oliva (auct.). (Studies on Olividae XIV). Apex 7 (1) : TURSCH, B., R.DUCHAMPS & D.GREIFENEDER, The pre-lamarckian names for Oliva species (Studies on Olividae XX). Apex 9 (2-3) : ZEIGLER, R.F. & H.C. PORRECA, Olive Shells of the World. Rochester Polychrome Press. Rochester, N.Y

Preliminary soil survey of the NATL Old Field Plots

Preliminary soil survey of the NATL Old Field Plots The preliminary soil survey consisted of completing auger borings at 25 m intervals and included auger borings at total of 46 points. The borings were