Phylogenetically overdispersed plant communities are less. invasible
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1 Phylogenetically overdispersed plant communities are less invasible Andreas Prinzing, Pille Urbas, Meelis Pärtel, Stephan Hennekens, Joop Schaminée, Igor Bartish University of Rennes 1 / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Research Unit Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Evolution University of Tartu, Institute of Botany and Ecology Wageningen University and Research Centre, Alterra Institute
2 Invasions and biodiversity Source: World Conservation Monitoring Centre, "Global Biodiversity" Chapman & Hall, London, 1992);
3 Invasions affect some types of communities more than others... www3.lanuv.nrw.de/.../02_2_5b_knoeterich.html.
4 ... among others because these communities let more alien species enter ( invasibility invasibility ) www3.lanuv.nrw.de/.../02_2_5b_knoeterich.html.
5 Possible reasons: Present-day environment - disturbances - matching the environmental conditions in the source areas - low species richness
6 Possible reasons: Evolutionary history of the communities - naïve due to lack of immigration of alien lineages in the past ile-de-la-reunion.info/photos/ile-maurice.html. //
7 Possible reasons: Evolutionary history of the communities - past immigration facilitates present immigration data/assets/image/53022/trffeatures3.jpg
8 Past immigration reflected by today s phylogenetic dispersion of communities
9 Little past immigration -> low phylogenetic dispersion
10 Strong past immigration -> high phylogenetic dispersion
11 Are phylogenetically clustered communities more or less invasible than overdispersed communities?
12 Flora of The Netherlands
13 Classification of community types: Phytosociological associations Dutch National Vegetation Database: All associations for which > 10 spatially distinct samples free of alien species were available (in total 201 associations)
14 Within each association: - Average phylogenetic dispersion of local relevés without alien species - Average percentage of alien species of all local relevés Across associations: - Correlating average phylogenetic dispersion to average percentage of aliens
15 Phylogenetic dispersion Scatter of species across lineages available in the species pool (Prinzing et al., Ecology Letters, in press)
16 Low phylogenetic dispersion: Some nodes carry many species, some nodes carry no species => Negative standard deviation:
17 High phylogenetic dispersion: => Negative standard deviation:
18 Results
19 Phylogenetic dispersion varies among plant associations (in the absence of aliens) Observed phylog. disp. = mean null expectation Observations Average phylogenetic dispersion (relative to a null model)
20 Phylogenetic dispersion varies among plant associations (in the absence of aliens) Phylogenetically clustered Phylogenetically overdispersed Observations Average phylogenetic dispersion (relative to a null model)
21 Percentage of alien species varies among plant associations Observations Average percentage of alien species
22 Phylogenetically overdispersed associations harbour few alien species 0.15 r = -0.38; p < Average percentage of alien species Average phylogenetic dispersion
23 Phylogenetically overdispersed associations harbour few alien species 0.15 r = -0.38; p < Average percentage of alien species Average phylogenetic dispersion
24 Average phylogenetic dispersion -2 6 r = -0.38; p < Phylogenetically overdispersed associations harbour few alien species Average percentage of alien species
25 Possible further factors... Disturbance Species richness Means and variances of abiotic conditions: Light, temperature, soil moisture, ph, nutrients, salt Representation of largest lineage (grasses)
26 Effect of phylogenetic dispersion after accounting for these factors (stepwise regression analysis) t = -5.2, p < Average percentage of alien species (partial resiuduals) Average phylogenetic dispersion
27 Conclusions Different types of vegetation across a landscape have different phylogenetic histories.
28 Conclusions Different types of vegetation across a landscape have different phylogenetic histories. Phylogenetically clustered vegetation types are today more invasible by alien species. possibly reflecting naïvety to alien lineages
29
30 Thank you to Hundreds of vegetation scientists, systematics and phylogeneticists for providing unvaluable data Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Estonian Science Foundation, Ministère des Affaires Étrangers and European Union for funding you for your attention.
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