Impact of system variables on balancing
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1 Impact of system variables on balancing J. Frunt International Workshop on Exchange of Balancing Services, Market Design and Modeling October 28, 2010
2 Content Regelduurzaam project Effect of changing system parameters on balancing Effect of the programme time unit on balancing Conclusions / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 1
3 EOS Regelduurzaam Project / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 2
4 EOS Regelduurzaam project Cooperation between TU/e, TU Delft, APX, ECN, Kema, TenneT and GPX Subsidized by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, NL Duration 4 years, 13 man-years What agreements and regulations are required to guarantee the security of supply with the lowest costs and lowest environmental impact without having accurate insight in the expected generation and load on a central level? In this system, participators make their own decisions about the required available balancing capacity. / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 3
5 Changing conditions Increase of distributed generation Restructured electricity markets Decrease of inertia in the system Increase of trading options No central organization can know all details of all consumers and producers / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 4
6 Changing system parameters / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 5
7 Power balance and frequency <50 Hz / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 6
8 Power system model / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 7
9 Model verification ENTSO-E frequency measurements 1500 MW disturbances Modeled and measured responses correspond Frequency [Hz] Frequency [Hz] Simulation Data Measurement Data Time [s] Simulation Data Measurement Data Time [s] / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 8
10 Frequency response Frequency response with different controllers No Control Self-Regulating Load (SRL) SRL & Primary Control (PC) SRL & PC & Secondary Control Frequency [Hz] Time [s] / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 9
11 Grid inertia Tue Frankrijk Civaux MW om 23h00 20 Thu Frankrijk Civaux MW om 15h38-10 Sun Frankrijk Civaux MW om 23h frequency deviation [mhz] frequency deviation [mhz] frequency deviation [mhz] rpm time [h] time [h] time [h] Fri Frankrijk Penly MW om 11h55 Tue Frankrijk Civaux MW om 10h39 Sun Frankrijk Cattenom MW om 03h0 20m frequency deviation [mhz] time [h] frequency deviation [mhz] time [h] frequency deviation [mhz] time [h] 1m J = 2, kgm 2 λ= MW/Hz / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 10
12 Changing system parameters Increasing grid size Larger inertia Increase of DG Decrease inertia Decrease of primary control More fluctuations in generation DC interconnections Decrease SRL Loads via PE Decrease of inertia Decrease of SRL / name of department PAGE 11
13 Unpredictability and uncontrollability of DG 1.0 Wind production System production 0.8 Normalized power Time [h] / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 12
14 Variation in wind energy Power deviation [% of P nom ] Wind power confidence intervals 50% 90% 99% 100% Time Lag [min] / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 13
15 Changes in the power system secondary primary inertia / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 14
16 Programme time unit / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 15
17 Balancing Market Area 1 Δ 1 P L BRP 1 P 1 TSO Δ i Δ n P L BRP n P i P n P tie Market Area n P imb GRID F / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 16
18 Definition of a PTU / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 17
19 Current PTU lengths in Europe 15 minutes 30 minutes 60 minutes / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 18
20 / name of department PAGE 19
21 / name of department PAGE 20
22 Three types of imbalance Imbalance within PTU TSO Imbalance over PTU BRP Imbalance between PTUs TSO E [Wh/ptu] E [Wh/ptu] E [Wh/ptu] Time [ptu] Time [ptu] Time [ptu] / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 21
23 Methodology 1. Load signal 2. Prediction of load signal via persistence: MAE = 2% Power [MW] 5 x Load L(t) Required Schedule R(t) Predicted load L pred (t) Production Schedule S(t) 3. Xborder exchange for 1 year 4. Define schedules for given PTU length 5. Define imbalance 6. Distinguish types of imbalance Power [MW] Time [PTU] 0 Imbalance within PTU ACE(t) Imbalance over PTU I(t) Time [PTU] / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 22
24 Effect PTU length on imbalance Energy [% of yearly consumption] Energy [% of yearly consumption] Imbalance within PTU TSO Imbalance over PTU BRP 8s 15s 32s 1m 2m 5m 10m 15m 30m 1h 2h 8h 12h 1d 2d 1w 2w 4w 13w 26w 1y 2y PTU length Imbalance between PTUs TSO 8s 15s 32s 1m 2m 5m 10m 15m 30m 1h 2h 8h 12h 1d 2d 1w 2w 4w 13w 26w 1y 2y PTU length / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 23
25 Conclusions Changes in system parameters have an effect on system balancing Three types of imbalance can be distinguished A shorter PTU gives more responsibility to the BRPs while a longer PTU gives more responsibility to the TSO / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 24
26 Questions? PAGE 25
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