The HAMSTRAD Programme at DOME C, Antarctica
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- Clarissa Mathews
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1 Acknowledgements: People at DC; Institutions: CNRS/INSU, IPEV, CNES and Ether. The HAMSTRAD Programme at DOME C, Antarctica P. Ricaud, J.-L. Attié, F. Carminati, P. Durand and G. Canut Meteo France/CNRM & Laboratoire d'aérologie, Toulouse, France C. Genthon LGGE, Grenoble, France Y. Courcoux LACy, Reunion Island, France J.-F. Vanacker IPEV, Brest, France A. Pellegrini ENEA, Roma, Italy T. August EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany J. Warner UBMC, Baltimore, USA T. Rose Radiometer Physics GmbH, Germany
2 2 Outline 1. Scientific context 2. Dome C station 3. Measurements & Analyses 4. Conclusions
3 3 1. Scientific Context H 2 O Trends and impact on climate change Measurements from ground-based microwave radiometers NDACC : stratospheric H 2 O Pic du Midi, Réunion Island, Dome C HAMSTRAD (H 2 O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometers) 1 microwave radiometer has been funded by CNRS/INSU for Dome C: tropospheric H 2 O (and Temperature) Setup Pic du Midi (PdM) in Feb-Jun 2008 (validation) 42 56'N, 0 08'E, 2877 m asml, France Dome C in Jan-Feb 2009 (outdoor setting up for 12 days) S, E, 3233 m asml Dome C from Jan 2010 to date permanent indoor setting up
4 4 HAMSTRAD Radiometer Original state-of-the-art microwave radiometer, especially developed for DC environment by Radiometer Physics Very cold and dry environment Automated 2 bands 60 GHz (O 2 ) Temperature 0-10 km 7 channels 183 GHz (H 2 O) Absolute Humidity 0-10 km 6 channels Retrieval Linear Regression H 2 O O 2 O 2 H 2 O Vertical Resolution: m (H 2 O) & 250 m (T) PBL: m (H 2 O) & m (T) Time resolution: 1-10 min Errors (RMS) : g m -3 (H 2 O) & K (T)
5 2. Dome C station 5
6 Outdoor Measurements 6
7 Indoor Measurements 7
8 HAMSTRAD Measurements at Dome C 8 Jan-Feb 2009 Outdoor measurements No LN 2 Calibration Outdoor Temperature: from -20 C to -40 C Jan 2010 to date Indoor measurements (exception of 1 week outdoor measurements from 8 to 12 Jan.) LN 2 Calibration (twice per year) Outdoor Temperature: from -20 C to -80 C Indoor Temperature: from +1 C to +18 C Daily automated transfer of measurements Results Validation & Statistical Analysis (Mean, bias, correlation, ) Diurnal variability of T & H 2 O in the PBL Jan-Jun 2010 (summer to winter) Monthly-averaged data 24 x one-hour bins
9 9 Validation Radiosondes (0-10 km) In situ sensors (0-45 m) Satellites (IASI and AIRS) (0-10 km) Analyses from ECMWF (0-10 km)
10 Seasonal Variability & Statistical Analysis 10
11 11 HAMSTRAD Radiosondes Temperature IASI H 2 O AIRS Ricaud et al., Antarc. Sc., revised ECMWF 2010
12 12 Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) / 2010 Ricaud et al., Antarc. Sc., revised, 2013.
13 Ricaud et al., Antarc. Sc., revised,
14 Ricaud et al., Antarc. Sc., revised,
15 15 Intra-seasonal Variability Origin of air masses 5-day back-trajectories Statistical analysis in 2010 AROME mesoscale model March-April 2011
16 Temperature August 2010 H 2 O 16 IWV Ricaud, La Météor., to be submitted, 2013.
17 17 5-Day Back-Trajectories Ricaud, La Météor., to be submitted 2013.
18 18 AROME vs. HAMSTRAD 100 m Temperature 50 m 4 m IWV
19 Diurnal Variability 19
20 20 Temperature Anomaly H 2 O Anomaly 200m Jan Feb 0m 0h Mar 24h Apr May Jun Ricaud et al., Boundary Layer Meteorol, 2012
21 Height (m) 21 SUMMER h 2 10 K Free Troposphere h 2 ~200 m Residual Quasi-Mixed Layer Residual Quasi-Mixed Layer Mixed Layer h 1 h 0 h 1 ~50 m Stable BL Surface Layer Stable BL 0 h 0 ~10 m Local Time (Hours) Ricaud et al., Boundary Layer Meteorol, 2012
22 Height (m) K AUTUMN/SPRING Free Troposphere h 2 h 1 h 0 Residual Stable BL Nocturnal Stable BL Daytime Mixed Layer Residual Quasi-Mixed Layer Nocturnal Stable BL Surface Layer Local Time (Hours) h 2 ~50 m h 1 ~30 m h 0 ~10 m Ricaud et al., Boundary Layer Meteorol, 2012
23 Height (m) K WINTER Free Troposphere Nocturnal Stable BL Surface Layer h 2 h 2 ~30 m h 0 0 h 0 ~10 m Local Time (Hours) Ricaud et al., Boundary Layer Meteorol, 2012
24 24 Conclusions HAMSTRAD is behaving well at DC since January 2010, except some issues on H 2 O- channel stability (noise diode) in June 2011-January 2012 Validation (whole year of 2010) radiosondes, IASI, AIRS, in situ sensors, ECMWF analyses Temperature: great sensitivity in the PBL, decreasing towards the UTLS Strong biases in the free troposphere and UTLS Good correlation with all the other data sets (r > 0.9) H 2 O: sensitivity in the PBL, decreasing towards the UTLS Too wet lower troposphere and too dry free troposphere Moderate correlation with all the other data sets (r > 0.8) Seasonal, intra-seasonal and diurnal variabilities of T and H 2 O Solar radiation, origin of air masses & PBL evolution Further studies Upgrade of the acquisition system (more elevations) and analysis softwares (fast quadratic regression vs. slow Optimal Estimation Method) done Reprocessing of data to be done Comparisons with the mesoscale model AROME work in progress Analysis of the IASI METOP-B data to be done Analysis of any reprocessed IASI METOP-A data to be done
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