The Politics of Tornadoes The Impacts of Sudden Storm Events on People

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1 The Politics of Tornadoes The Impacts of Sudden Storm Events on People

2 Today s Discussion Brief Review Student Presentation When the Sky Kills Impacts of Tornadoes Questions & Discussion Next Class

3 Brief Review Concepts and Typologies of Natural Hazards and Catastrophic Events

4 When the Sky Kills The Occurrence and Effects of Tornadoes and High Winds

Tornadoes A tornado is a rapidly moving air system that has the ability to destroy solid structures and carry heavy debris. Frequency: Roughly 1,000 tornadoes in the United States each year.

5 Tornadoes A tornado is a rapidly moving air system that has the ability to destroy solid structures and carry heavy debris. Frequency: Roughly 1,000 tornadoes in the United States each year. Less than 1% of U.S. tornadoes account for 2/3 of fatalities. Vulnerability: Mobile home dwellers account for less than 10% of population, but 43% of U.S. tornado deaths. Casualties: There are around 50 people killed each year in the United States. Roughly 5,000 people have been killed since 1950.

6 Joplin Tornado On May 22, 2011, an EF-5 tornado with winds of more than 200 mph struck Joplin (pop. 50,000) in southwest Missouri. The tornado killed 150+ people and severely damaged the city's hospital, churches, businesses, and residential areas.

7 Joplin Tornado On May 22, 2011, an EF-5 tornado with winds of more than 200 mph struck Joplin (pop. 50,000) in southwest Missouri. The tornado killed 150+ people and severely damaged the city's hospital, churches, businesses, and residential areas.

8 A Closer Look

9 A Closer Look

Discoveries: Fujita was also involved in the discovery of multiple vortexes within tornadoes.

10 Measuring Severity of a Tornado Fujita Scale: In 1971, Tetsuya Ted Fujita, also known as Mr. Tornado, developed a scale for winds, which relates the degree of damage to the intensity of tornado winds. Discoveries: Fujita was also involved in the discovery of multiple vortexes within tornadoes. His studies of downbursts and microbursts were partly informed by his studies of the bombing of Nagasaki during WWII. Ted Fujita created the scale used to measure tornado intensity

11 Major U.S. Tornadoes Since

12 Tornado Deaths

13 Storm Chasers

14 Rescue Efforts In the aftermath of a major geophysical event, finding and treating victims is the immediate priority. Amateur Rescue Teams: Persons on the scene of an event are the most likely to provide immediate assistance. Trained Search Teams: In the days following an event, outside search teams can help rescue victims and identify the dead. Warning and Instruction: Efforts to provide advance warning and public information on hazard avoidance can help to mitigate the effects.

15 Reducing Harm from Tornadoes According to Simmons & Sutter (2010), there are several factors that can help to reduce the damage from tornadoes. Kevin M. Simmons and Daniel Sutter, Economic and Societal Impacts of Tornadoes, (Boston; Chicago: American Meteorological Society; University of Chicago Press, 2010). Warnings: Warnings can cut fatalities in half compared to no warning. In the 1990s, the NWS created a national Doppler radar network that has significantly reduced casualties. Construction Codes: In 1994, HUD introduced new wind load requirements in coastal areas that helped reduce the vulnerability of mobile homes. Shelters: Underground and above ground shelters can withstand the force of tornadoes and are key to reducing casualties.

16 Storm Chasers

17 Major U.S. Tornadoes Since

18 Tornado Deaths

19 Joplin Tornado On May 22, 2011, an EF-5 tornado with winds of more than 200 mph struck Joplin (pop. 50,000) in southwest Missouri. The tornado killed 150+ people and severely damaged the city's hospital, churches, businesses, and residential areas.

20 Joplin Tornado On May 22, 2011, an EF-5 tornado with winds of more than 200 mph struck Joplin (pop. 50,000) in southwest Missouri. The tornado killed 150+ people and severely damaged the city's hospital, churches, businesses, and residential areas.

21 Joplin Policy Options: What to Do About Tornadoes? Prevention, Mitigation, Rescue, and Recovery

Prevention, Mitigation, Rescue, and Recovery As with most disasters, responses include those efforts that a government, community, or individual can take to prevent, mitigate, rescue,

22 Prevention, Mitigation, Rescue, and Recovery As with most disasters, responses include those efforts that a government, community, or individual can take to prevent, mitigate, rescue, and recover from the damage caused by catastrophic events. What are some of the measures that can be taken to anticipate, avert, and reduce the negative effects of major geophysical events?

23 Rescue Efforts In the aftermath of a major weather event, finding and treating victims is the immediate priority. Amateur Rescue Teams: Persons on the scene of an event are the most likely to provide immediate assistance. Trained Search Teams: In the days following an event, outside search teams can help rescue victims and identify the dead. Warning and Instruction: Efforts to provide advance warning and public information on hazard avoidance can help to mitigate the effects.

24 Reducing Harm from Tornadoes According to Simmons & Sutter (2010), there are several factors that can help to reduce the damage from tornadoes. Kevin M. Simmons and Daniel Sutter, Economic and Societal Impacts of Tornadoes, (Boston; Chicago: American Meteorological Society; University of Chicago Press, 2010). Warnings: Warnings can cut fatalities in half compared to no warning. In the 1990s, the NWS created a national Doppler radar network that has significantly reduced casualties. Construction Codes: In 1994, HUD introduced new wind load requirements in coastal areas that helped reduce the vulnerability of mobile homes. Shelters: Underground and above ground shelters can withstand the force of tornadoes and are key to reducing casualties.

Our Challenge. It s All Wind 2/16/2017

Our Challenge. It s All Wind 2/16/2017 2/16/2017 It s All Wind Communicating Damaging Wind & Tornado Threats in an Impact-based Environment Rick Smith - NWS Norman, OK Justin Dougherty Our Challenge Given the history and types of weather threats