November 22, 1992, I-71, Carroll County KY by Irma Doran

Transcription

1 November 22, 1992, I-71, Carroll County KY by Irma Doran

2

3

4

5 The World s First Tornado Scientist

6 1885

7

8

9

10 April 26, 1884 near Garnett, KS by A.A. Adams The World s First Tornado Photograph

11 August 28, 1884 Howard, Dakota Territory by F.N. Robinson The World s Second Tornado Photograph

12 1886 The word tornado is banned from forecasts to avoid panic.

13 Tinker AFB, Oklahoma March 20, 1948

14 Tinker AFB, Oklahoma March 25, 1948

15 Capt. Robt. C. Miller Lt. Col. E.J. Fawbush World s First Tornado Forecast

16 The World s First Recorded Hook Echo

17 Mr. Tornado, Dr. Ted Fujita

18 Sayler Park F5 Hook. At the time this was the most photographed tornado in the world.

19 Sayler Park F5 Before and while crossing the Ohio River. Photos by Andrew MacGregor

20 Sayler Park F5 Out of the river valley and crossing Cincinnati s western suburbs. Photos by Don Ohmer

21 Sayler Park F5 Out of the river valley and crossing Cincinnati s western suburbs. Photos by Jay Carter

22 The Bridge Creek Moore, OK tornado May 3, 1999 The last F5 under the original Fujita Scale. A Doppler on Wheels measured winds to 309 +/- 10 mph.

23 The Bridge Creek Moore, OK tornado May 3, F5 damage and the place where a woman died from being pummeled by debris.

24 Greensburg, KS EF5 tornado hook, Mar 4, 2007 The first tornado rated EF5 under the Enhanced Fujita Scale.

25 Greensburg, KS EF5 tornado, Mar 4, 2007 The first tornado rated EF5 under the Enhanced Fujita Scale.

26 Greensburg, KS EF5 tornado damage, Mar 4, 2007 The first tornado rated EF5 under the Enhanced Fujita Scale.

27 Greensburg, KS EF5 tornado hook, Mar 4, 2007 The first tornado rated EF5 under the Enhanced Fujita Scale.

28

29 Birmingham, AL

30 Tuscaloosa County, AL April 27, 2011 A wedge tornado

31 The path of the long-track supercell thunderstorm That produced the Tuscaloosa, AL EF4, 190 mph Path Length = 80.7 miles, maximum width 1.5 miles.

32 Joplin, MO EF5 hook echo, May 22, 2011.

33 Joplin, MO EF5 hook echo, May 22, 2011.

34 * Joplin, MO EF5 hook echo, May 22, 2011, Joplin, MO at the asterisk..

35 * Joplin, MO EF5 hook echo, May 22, 2011, Joplin, MO at the asterisk..

36 * Joplin, MO Debris Ball, May 22, 2011.

37 Joplin, MO Debris Ball, May 22, 2011.

38 Northern Kentucky, Suburban Cincinnati, Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

39 Velocity Couplet during spin up Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

40 Velocity Couplet at maximum intensity Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

41 Velocity Couplet when the tornado is lifting off Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

42 Velocity Couplet at tornado has dissipated Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

43

44

45

46

47 Velocity Couplet when the tornado is lifting off Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

48 > -80 kts > +80 kts Doppler radar only measures winds directly to and away from the radar Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

49 Rear Flank Downdraft, sinks behind the storm and the Warm air wraps around the tornado Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

50 Rear Flank Downdraft, sinks behind the storm and the Warm air wraps around the tornado Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

51 Rear Flank Downdraft, sinks behind the storm and the Warm air wraps around the tornado Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

52 Rear Flank Downdraft is visible as a bright area or a clear sky behind the storm. Crittenden-Piner EF4, March 2, 2012

53 Chaparral, NM Supercell, April 3, diameter hail

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63 March 2, 2012, Berlin, KY EF0 - Reflectivity Leading Edge Vortices Gustnadoes Tornadoes without rotating supercell thunderstorms.

64 March 2, 2012, Berlin, KY EF0 Storm Relative Wind Leading Edge Vortices Gustnadoes Tornadoes without rotating supercell thunderstorms.

65 March 2, 2012, Berlin, KY EF0 Spectrum Width (turbulence) Leading Edge Vortices Gustnadoes Tornadoes without rotating supercell thunderstorms.

66

67 Rotating Supercell Thunderstorms 1. Favorable wind environment 2. Rotation generated outside the storm - Vertical Wind Shear - Cold Pool/Inflow Interaction 3. Rotation concentrated at the updraft 4. Rotation tilted to the vertical 5. Vortex Stretching rotation rate increases 6. Dynamic Pipe Effect Tornado descends to the ground 7. No DPE Tornado forms all levels quickly 8. Leading Edge Vortices Gustnadoes.

68

69

70

71 Finally. 1. We know When Tornadoes Form. 2. We Know Where Tornadoes Form. 3. We Know How Tornadoes Form. 4. We Know All Big Tornadoes are from Mesocyclones 5. We Know most small tornadoes are leading edge vortices, but some are from weak mesocyclones. 6. But Only 3% of Supercells Spawn Tornadoes 7. We cannot yet detect the final trigger.