New People, Projects, Planes ( News on aerosol research YOU won t miss

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1 New People, Projects, Planes ( ) at News on aerosol research YOU won t miss

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3 Atmospheric Optics Group University of Valladolid our home David Mateos Posdoctoral researcher UVA Cristian Velasco Laboratory technician PhD Student UVA

4 Desert Dust Airborne aerosols are a key player in the atmospheric science studies

5 What effects do aerosols play in planetary system?

6 Atmospheric aerosols are considered to impact, mainly: Climate Human health: respiratory diseases and infections Earth s radiative budget: by scattering and absorbing solar radiation Life cloud cycle: acting as cloud condensation nuclei, changing properties Air visibility: traffic or military operations Different ecosystems: changing the provided nutrients Agriculture: soil erosion

7 AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) Ground-based global remote sensing aerosol network established by NASA (USA) and PHOTONS (France). The measurement instrument is a sun photometer (Cimel CE-318) that provides long-term, continuous, open access database of aerosol microphysical and radiative properties. Standardization of instruments, calibration, processing and distribution.

8 CIMEL CE-318 almucantar Wavelengths 340 nm 380 nm 440 nm 500 nm 675 nm 870 nm 936 nm 1020 nm 1640 nm Almost real-time data under cloud-free conditions Direct measurements AOD + sky radiances calibration Beer-Bouguer-Lambert Law Inversion algorithms Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD, aerosol load) Ångstrom exponent (AE, particle size) Water vapor column Optical and microphysical properties: Absorbing and Scattering power Size distribution among others

9 GOA Calibration Facilities As part of AERONET-Europe: together with the CIAI-AEMET, GOA carries out the maintenance and calibration tasks of more than 60 photometers of the AERONET network located in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe.

10 Global distribution of aerosol load Arctic haze is observed in spring Fine-mode particles are dominating April Arctic presents a very clean aerosol background August Aerosols in the Arctic mainly fall into the continental type (mixture of continental and, partially, marine aerosols).

11 Winter (Polar Night)

12 Installation of solar-moon photometer for continuous aerosol measurements and properties retrieval Enhance long-term aerosol observations at AWIPEV by installing a Cimel CE318-T Sun-Sky-Moon spectral photometer, able to measure during the Polar night. Instalation in the AWIPEV Observatory Thursday 31/05/2017 (after 13:00 h)

13 Obtain a wide set of aerosol optical and microphysical properties during day- and nigh-time by measurements in the AERONET framework. From different collocated instruments in the AWIPEV Observatory we ll be able to use novel inversion algorithms like GRASP (General Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) to retrieve diferent aerosol properties. As a final product of the evaluation, estimations of direct aerosol and cloud radiative forcing can be addressed using empirical parameterizations, radiative transfer models and satellite and reanalysis data.

14 Time series of AOD since the fotometer was installed. The final cloud screened data. 04/06/ /06/2017

15 Size distribution Absorption power Aerosol Absorption Optical Depth Effective radius Fine and coarse modes Aerosol Radiative Forcing Single Scattering Albedo Scattering power Real Refractive Index Asymmetry Factor Imaginary Refractive Index

16 This new site in Ny-Ålesund will allow us to monitor aerosol behaviour in the Arctic areas using also our site in Andenes (Northern Norway)

17 New Lunar AOD product Cyprus, this spring 15-16/Jan/ /Feb/2017

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19 Lots of thanks to Dr. Christoph Ritter and AWI institution Research in Svalbard (project ID 10745) All the people working with us: Wilfried, Verena (thanks for the calls to recover the instrument), Piotr, Christelle, Benoite, Sandro, Kings Bay AS, Ny-Ålesund community for the warm welcome (but, please, no more Macarena song ) Spanish Government by the Project POLARMOON (ref. CTM R) Universidad de Valladolid

20 @goa-uva

21 The ACLOUD Campaign: Strange aircrafts above and strange scientists in town Should I be concerned?

22 Why are we here? Arctic Paradox Ice melt in Arctic: more energy and moisture into atmosphere different atmospheric circulation more snowfall in Siberia in autumn probability for cold winter in mid latitudes Melting sea ice changes circulation: Warm Arctic Cold Continents Details not yet understood but Arctic not isolated region Interest of Asian countries

23 Why are we here? Arctic Amplification Climatological sensitive environment Largest temperature changes in polar regions Challenges: seasonality (albedo, solar incident angle, aerosol) Feedbacks (ice albedo)??? Polar amplification: (from IPCC) ΔT ( ) ( )

24 Feedback mechanism: cause effect stronger cause stronger effect Ice albedo feedback Warmer: ice melt: more energy absorbed: even warmer Colder: more ice: if ice-albedo were main cause: also Amplification in Antarctic, Tibet Hence: much more complicated: aerosol, clouds, radiation, turbulence (ocean currents?)

25 ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3 Univ. Leipzig, Bremen, Köln, AWI (and others)

26 altitude Problems with climate Space weather: sun, cosmic rays Stratospheric water vapor, Coupling troposphere to stratosphere, O 3 Correlation T_ surface with length of solar cycle, why? Increase? Why? Weak representation of stratosphere, forcing, wave-breaking AC3 Aerosol Clouds -> hydrol. Cycle, radiation General circulation Boundary layer properties Soil moisture Ocean currents, sea ice Many different unknown processes Understanding and parameterization teleconnections still challenging Description of convection & turbulence, largest deviation of models Land use changes Sea ice retreat larger in reality

27 albedo changes radiation photochemistry Importance of Arctic aerosol Long range transport aerosol life-time,brightness hydrological cycle cloud atmosphere wash out Result: change in wind, T, radiation, precipitation and boundary layer stability ocean sea ice ground

28 Aerosol Cloud Interactions dry aerosol aqueous chemistry in droplet aerosol collision scavenging insterstitial aerosol evaporation in crystal aerosol Aerosol changes clouds and is changed by them Ice / liquid clouds have different radiative properties Cloud properties one important insecurity in climate models precipitation formation wet deposition / below cloud scavenging Arctic clouds differ from mid-latitude ones: mixed-phase clouds

29 Problems with aerosol Life-time ~ 6d in troposphere for accumulation mode particles (highly inhomogeneous concentration) Consist of many different types and compositions e.g. hygroscopicity Example for NaCl Note: hysteresis Diameter changes on minute scale Have feedback to undisturbed atmosphere (aerosol forcing ΔT(z), Δp(z) Δwind aerosol concentration) Coupled to ground (albedo) (high albedo: warming) cannot run model without aerosol and then put them in

30 Radiation, aerosol (CCN, INP) / clouds / precipitation turbulent fluxes / entrainment In situ (what is where?) remote sensing optical impact? scattering theory missing Planes: Basler BT 67 ( DC-3 ) Range with 1000kg payload: 2300km Can land with wheels / ski

31 Instruments and connections to Ny-Ålesund: P5: Lidar: comparison to our lidar, photometers, aerosol in-situ Dropsondes (our radiosondes) Radiation (BSRN) P6: aerosol in Situ (size, chemistry): Gruvebadet, Zeppelin station Cloud particles: cloud radars, Zeppelin station

32 Light beams don t interact, travel reciprocal A B if you see them, they see you Polar 6 overpass 31 May

33 Ship part: Research vessel Polarstern: L: 119m W: 17300t Is equipped with similar instruments as in Ny-Ålesund: Raman Lidar FTIR Radiometer Cloud radar Constructed an ice camp North of Spitsbergen. Measurements of aerosol, cloud, radiation, turbulence Science & feasibility for MOSAIC ( ) P5 and 6 will fly: Longy. Ny-Å Polarstern

34 Visit Polarstern 31. May, Polarstern already found well suited ice floe

35 Organiser of AC3 project: Manfred Wendisch (Univ. Leipzig)

36 Takk for oppmerksomheten Gracias por su atención Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit If it is easy it s ideology, not physics