Potential impact of offshore wind farms on water renewal in the Baltic Sea
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1 Potential impact of offshore wind farms on water renewal in the Baltic Sea Hans Burchard Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde, Germany Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 1/30
2 Program of Lecture The Baltic Sea and the Arkona Sea Where to place offshore wind farms? How does the Baltic Sea work? In-situ observations Computer simulations Potential consequences of wind farms for the Baltic Sea Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 2/30
3 The Baltic Sea Latitude [deg N] Longitude [deg E] Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 3/30
4 ... and the Arkona Sea. Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 4/30
5 The German perspective... Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 5/30
6 All problems considered? Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 6/30
7 How does the Baltic Sea work? Precipitation - evaporation + river runoff = outflow ( m 3 /s) Latitude [deg N] Longitude [deg E] For comparison: River Elbe outflow 750 m 3 /s. Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 7/30
8 IOW Monitoring Cruises Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 8/30
9 Cross section: salt Data by Rainer Feistel, Uli Lass, and Günther Nausch (IOW) Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 9/30
10 First QuantAS Results QuantAS: Quantification of Water Mass Transformations in the Arkona Sea Investigation of a medium strength salt water intrusion, observed in early February We show here: First observational results First model results Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 10/30
11 QuantAS: Inflow (observed) Ship survey during inflow hfa_coord/boos/ inflow_quarter.html 27 Jan - 12 Feb Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 11/30
12 QuantAS: Inflow (observed) ADCP in the ship's well. Bottom layer affected 28 Jan 2004by bottom interaction 08:30 -of 12:30 sound beam side lobes. Velocity in the plume in excess of 0.5 m/s. 01 Feb :20-20:50 Observations & Graphics by Jürgen Sellschopp & Michaela Knoll (FWG Kiel) Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 12/30
13 QuantAS: Inflow (observed) Progressing plume 02 Feb :20-14:50 18 hours later the salinity plume arrives at 55 10' N. The estimated velocity of the salinity front is 10 cm/s. The salt water supply has momentarily ceased. Observations & Graphics by Jürgen Sellschopp & Michaela Knoll (FWG Kiel) Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 13/30
14 QuantAS: Inflow (observed) Branches west and north of Krieger s Shoal Observations & Graphics by Jürgen Sellschopp & Michaela Knoll (FWG Kiel) Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 14/30
15 QuantAS: Inflow (observed) Branches west and north of Krieger s Shoal 05 Feb :45-15:31 Observations & Graphics by Jürgen Sellschopp & Michaela Knoll (FWG Kiel) Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 15/30
16 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) Bottom salinity (8-25 psu), 1 day after initialisation Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 16/30
17 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) Bottom salinity (8-25 psu), 10 day after initialisation Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 17/30
18 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) Bottom salinity (8-25 psu), 20 days after initialisation Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 18/30
19 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) Bottom salinity (8-25 psu), 32 days after initialisation Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 19/30
20 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) Surface salinity (8-25 psu), 32 days after initialisation Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 20/30
21 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) South-North section along 12.6 E (south from Copenhagen) Plume after 7 days (salinity) Depth S / psu Latitude Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 21/30
22 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) South-North section along 12.6 E (south from Copenhagen) Plume after 7 days (northward velocity) 0 u / m s Depth Latitude Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 22/30
23 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) South-North section along 12.6 E (south from Copenhagen) Plume after 9 days (salinity) Depth S / psu Latitude Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 23/30
24 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) South-North section along 12.6 E (south from Copenhagen) Plume after 9 days (northward velocity) 0 u / m s Depth Latitude Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 24/30
25 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) South-North section along 13 E (over Kriegers Flak) Salinity Depth S / psu Latitude Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 25/30
26 QuantAS: Inflow (modelled) South-North section along 13 E (over Kriegers Flak) Eastward velocity Depth u / m s Latitude Simulation with GETM Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 26/30
27 Mixing at piles Graphics by Jan Donath (IOW) Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 27/30
28 Consequence Diluted water is sandwiched less deep into the basins of the Baltic Sea. The oxygen of the deep water is renewed less frequently. Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 28/30
29 So what...? Cod eggs are floating in the region of the 13 ppt isopycnal and need an oxygen concentration of > 2 ml/l. With the ventilation of the deeper waters decreasing, the oxygen concentration is falling below that threshold value. Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 29/30
30 Conclusions Offshore wind farms might indeed have an impact on the dynamics of the whole Baltic Sea. It is a scientific challenge to quantify these impacts and to help finding wind farm locations with low environmental impact. The construction of a few wind farms of limited extent will help us to study the general environmental impact. Summer School, AWI-GKSS-IOW, Büsum, Germany, September 8, 2004 p. 30/30
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