USING LOCAS SOFTWARE TO PREDICT THE LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF SALT CAVERNS
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1 USING LOCAS SOFTWARE TO PREDICT THE LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF SALT CAVERNS Technical Class SMRI Fall Meeting Leipzig, Germany October 3, OUTLINE Introduction LOCAS main features Example of application: cavern abandonment Conclusions 2 1
2 QUICK INTRODUCTION WHAT IS LOCAS? A 2D axisymetrical Finite Element code Af fully coupled dthermo-hydro-mechanical h code A powerful but user-friendly Windows software WHAT IS IT FOR? Study of liquid-filled or gas-filled salt caverns Short-term and long-term behavior of caverns Examples of applications: Stability of cavern at min/max pressure, cycling Analysis of Mechanical Integrity Tests Abandonment of salt caverns 3 EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION CAVERN ABANDONMENT Carresse SPR2 cavern test supported by SMRI 300 m 9000 m 3 4 2
3 KEY POINTS IN THE ANALYSIS OF AN ABANDONMENT TEST PRELIMINARY TASKS Task 1: Calculate cavern pressure evolution during the test Task 2: Calculate long-term cavern temperature evolution Task 3: Assess casing/casing shoe leaks during the test DETERMINATION OF SALT PARAMETERS - Mechanical parameters elasticity secondary creep (Norton-Hoff) - Hydraulical parameters: salt permeability at cavern scale LONG-TERM FEM COMPUTATIONS PREDICTIONS 5 ANALYSIS OF A PRE-ABANDONMENT TEST Wellhead measurements Sonar survey Cavern temperature measurement Cavern pressure evolution Cavern mesh Cavern temperature evolution Cavern fluid(s) properties Rock salt properties LONG-TERM COMPUTATIONS 6 3
4 ANALYSIS OF A PRE-ABANDONMENT TEST Wellhead measurements Sonar survey Cavern temperature measurement Cavern pressure evolution Cavern mesh Cavern temperature evolution Cavern fluid(s) properties Rock salt properties LONG-TERM COMPUTATIONS 7 Task 1: Determination of cavern pressure evolution during the test Pressures measured at well head Cavern pressure Well data columns composition temperature log fluids compressibilities possible leaks 8 4
5 History of Wellhead Pressures 9 History of Ground Temperature 10 5
6 History of Atmospheric Pressure 11 A FILTERING TOOL IS EMBEDDED Wellhead pressure Ground temperature Atmospheric pressure 12 6
7 Measured pressure Corrected pressure 13 Earth tides Right-click on corrected pressure spectrum 14 7
8 Task 1: Determination of cavern pressure evolution during the test Corrected pressures at well head Corrected cavern pressure Well data columns composition temperature log fluids compressibilities possible leaks 15 Well Data in LOCAS Strings database Fluids database Rocks database Layers database Sections database Stratigraphic cross-section view Well architecture view 16 8
9 LIQUIDS DATABASE 17 PURE GASE DATABASE 18 9
10 NATURAL GASES DATABASE 19 SECTIONS DATABASE 20 10
11 WELL ARCHITECTURE Section #2 Section #3 Section #5 21 INJECTIONS/WITHDRAWALS DATABASE Data can be loaded from a flow measurement file 22 11
12 COLUMNS DATABASE It s possible to have up to 4 different fluids in each column (3 interfaces) 23 HISTORY OF CAVERN PRESSURE 24 12
13 ANALYSIS OF A PRE-ABANDONMENT TEST Wellhead measurements Sonar survey Cavern temperature measurement Cavern pressure evolution Cavern mesh Cavern temperature evolution Cavern fluid(s) properties Rock salt properties LONG-TERM COMPUTATIONS 25 CAVERN GEOMETRY IN LOCAS 2D axisymetrical caverns Simple shape (sphere, cylinder) or Real shape from sonar survey Av. cavern radius as a function of depth Meshing parameters Embedded mesher Cavern mesh Meshes databases 26 13
14 CAVERN PROFILE FROM SONAR SURVEY Load file from sonar survey 27 MESHING PARAMETERS 28 14
15 MESH VIEW
16 3D VIEW 31 SPR
17 MESHES DATABASE 33 ANALYSIS OF A PRE-ABANDONMENT TEST Wellhead measurements Sonar survey Cavern temperature measurement Cavern pressure evolution Cavern mesh Cavern temperature evolution Cavern fluid(s) properties Rock salt properties LONG-TERM COMPUTATIONS 34 17
18 Task 2: Determination of long-term cavern temperature evolution - Determination of natural rock temperature T - Fitting of a cavern temperature measurement Accurate prediction of brine temperature evolution brine thermal expansion 35 SPR2 Geothermal Temperature SPR2 - Logs de température et calage gradients SPR3 Temperature ( C) Température ( C) ofondeur / sol (m) Depth (m) Pro Top of salt T 19.5 C 12/06/2002 moyenne 20/08/2002 moyenne 08/10/2002 moyenne 1ères inclusions sel Sabot Casing Base Cheminée Landing Nipple SPR3 : 2,5 C/100 m SPR3 : 1,2 C/100 m
19 SPR2 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT IN 2002 reference C 058 C/year Cavern Temperature measurement T 19.5 C Accurate prediction actual virtual Time July
20 SPR2 CAVERN TEMPERATURE FITTING C C/year Temperature 1 st June days 1 st July 2002 Time 39 ANALYSIS OF A PRE-ABANDONMENT TEST Wellhead measurements Sonar survey Cavern temperature measurement Cavern pressure evolution Cavern mesh Cavern temperature evolution Cavern fluid(s) properties Rock salt properties LONG-TERM COMPUTATIONS 40 20
21 BRINE PROPERTIES 41 SALT PROPERTIES Mechanical properties Elasticity Creep: stationnary + transient 4 implemented creep laws Norton-Hoff Lemaitre-Menzel-Schreiner Munson-Dawson Lubby2 + possibility of reverse creep using a modified d Munson-Dawson law Thermal properties Hydraulical properties (micro-permeation) Chemical properties (dissolution/crystallization) 42 21
22 Munson-Dawson Database 43 Salt Micro-permeation Properties 44 22
23 Calculation Steps 45 Phenomena that can be taken into account: Salt creep Cavern fluid heating/cooling Cavern fluid micro-permeation Salt complementary dissolution/crystallization Cavern fluid adiabatic compression/release Coupled through cavern compressibility Cavern pressure/temperature and casing leaks can be set or calculated 46 23
24 Example of parameters back-calculation 47 Salt parameters to be determined for long-term computations: Salt elastic parameters E, Salt creep parameters Stationnary creep: Norton-Hoff parameters A, nq, R Salt hydraulical parameters hyd K salt 48 24
25 Back-calculation of Salt Elastic Parameters Compressibility test V m /MPa 0.25 assumed Finite Elements computation E 16,500 MPa 49 STATIONNARY PARAMETERS FITTED FOR TWO PERIODS Transient phase 2 nd fitting period 1 st fitting period 50 25
26 Selection of Parameters to be Fitted 51 Parameters to be Fitted Search domain 52 26
27 Selection of Fitted Periods 53 Selection of the Optimization Method 54 27
28 Fitting results can be ed 55 Worst (hpa) lt permeability Sal Pressure computation measure Time Best Norton A parameter m² m² 56 28
29 INVESTIGATION OF FITTING SENSIBILITY 57 SPR2 - FITTING MAIN RESULTS hyd Salt permeability: K m salt 20 2 Salt stationnary creep: Q n Aexp RT (Norton-Hoff law) -n A (/MPa -year) n Q R (K) 2 possible sets of parameters Set # Set #
30 STATIONNARY PARAMETERS FITTED FOR TWO PERIODS Average pressure difference < 10 hpa 59 Long-term computation 60 30
31 Norton-Hoff set #1 hyd K salt 410 m 20 2 n A 2.5 /MPa -year Q R 4100 K 61 SUBSIDENCE CALCULATION 62 31
32 NO-TENSION CRITERIA, DILATION CRITERIA 63 EXAMPLE OF CONTOUR PLOTS It s also possible to create movies (.avi) 64 32
33 CONCLUSIONS Many features have been implemented in a software called LOCAS LOCAS can be helpful for various kinds of studies, as for instance: pressure/temperature prediction including transient behavior simulation of fast cycling loading Natural gas, CAES long-term simulations (abandonment, subsidence) mechanical integrity tests (MITs) analysis short-term term stability (min./max. operating pressure) mechanical/thermal/hydraulical parameters fitting from in situ tests Prediction from data at cavern scale 65 CONCLUSIONS LOCAS supports all 32-bits Windows versions, Windows Seven included. 3D & 64 bits versions under development. LOCAS is not yet available for sale. Interested people, please contact Benoit Brouard: contact@brouard-consulting.com 66 33
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