Environmental quality modeling
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1 Environmental quality modeling Air quality management modeling AIRQUIS Water quality management modeling WATERQUIS N:\adm\arkiv\overhead\2006\CEE\Yale-9.ppt 1
2 An Integrated Air Quality Managament System Monitoring data transfer- models databases GIS platform
3 - GIS-based Air Quality Management Main objectives of the system To enable on-line air quality data presentation Internet To provide complete air pollution exposure information To enable development of cost-effective air pollution abatement strategies System Control options Emissions Measurements Modelling Cost / benefit analysis Best Option: Exposure / Dose Dose Dose / response
4
5 Modules POINT EMISSIONS Exposure Point Sources Dispersion Statistics Line Sources Emission ADACS (Automatic Data Acquisition System) QA/QC Measurement Area Sources Emission Inventory Wind Field Models GIS GUI (graphical user interphase)
6 2003
7 2003 Different modules GIS platform and maps Emission inventories Measurement module Models statistics wind field dispersion exposure
8 Example: GIS functionalities
9 Several data bases On-line collected environmental data Emission and discharge data included emission modelling procedures Historical data and background information Regulations, guideline values Information on the support and decision making process
10 Supporting data base Data base model: historical data background information guidelines & regulations regulations and plans support local and regional levels meet user specifications easily modified open communication solutions
11 Software: Data handling Configuration (names, parameters etc.) Acquisition (display, alarms, overshoots etc.) Files facilities (storage data) For presentation, controls and edit - daily reports - monthly reports (histograms) Calibration operation
12 Measurement Database Stations Instruments Time-series Grab samples Quality Control Automatic Data Acquisition System Manual Data Acquisition System
13 Monitoring station GIS platform
14 Automatic data acquisition system (ADACS) Test data from Yantai, China NO (ppb) NO2 (ppb) NOx (ppb) PM10 (ug/m3) Measurement data are transferred to the computer centre and automatically stored into the AirQUIS database Or: manually imported
15 For model input Explain AQ data
16 Data Transfer, QA Radio link - telephone - satellite QA at Different Levels: in field: automatic & manual calibration / control data retrieval: QA routines; ISO database: approval and verification final data: statistics, graphics, validity, representativeness.
17 Presentations Statistical and Graphical Presentation Tools Maxima, minima, averages Percentiles Cumulative frequency distribution Wind rose and meteorology frequency distributions User Interface For viewing and editing data in all databases Integrating GIS On-line Internet applications Information to the Public
18 Measurement data statistics
19 Data presentations
20 AirQUIS Models Emission model Calculates hourly emissions from area, line and point sources. Stores results as field, line or point data set Wind field model (MATHEW) Calculates 3-dimensional hourly wind fields from measurements of wind speed and direction, temperature, gradient and topography Dispersion model (EPISODE) Calculates hourly concentrations of pollutants in grids and individual receptor points Exposure model Combines pollution concentrations with population distribution
21 Inventory of Point Sources
22 The Wind Field Model Meteorological measurements Geographical data Temperature Topography Stability ( T) Wind speed Wind direction Calculation of a mass consistent 3-D wind field
23 Wind Field Model (MATHEW)
24 Dispersion Models
25 Dispersion modelling Spatial distribution of pollutant concentrations Source contribution quantification Effects of suggested measures Exposure Estimates Forecasting
26 NILU models ROADAIR CONCX INPUFF EPISODE for traffic ( km) Gaussian single source (0.1-1 km) puff-trajectory for single sources (1-100 km) for urban areas puff + numerical box (1-50 km)
27 EPISODE Meteorological hourly gridded input data: Windfield (u, v, w) Temperature at ground level Vertical temperature gradient (stability) Mixing height Turbulence ( v and w ) Oslo - 1 km grid
28 Exposure estimate
29 Exposure Assessment Links population data to concentration fields Exposure hours Number of hours a number of people is exposed to pollution over a selected value Person dose Accumulated exposure of pollution over a selected value per person Population Load Accumulated exposure of pollution over a selected value for all persons within a grid square/receptor point
30 Population exposure model A selection of Building Receptor Points is made Only buildings along roads with traffic volume above a certain limit are included
31 Oslo Calculated PM 10 -concentrations 8. highest daily building point value (µg/m 3 )
32 Applications Environment impact assessment A.Q. forecasting and early warning Optimal abatement strategies A.Q. information systems, incl. Online data Internet applications
33 AQ Nowcast and Forecast
34 NO 2 (µg/m3) 24h forward
35 Action Plan for Air Quality improvement The Action Plan will identify data and measures necessary to improve the basis for AQMS The Action Plan will concern the following fields: Monitoring /air pollution and meteorology Surveys / emissions inventory Modelling / air quality and exposure Guidelines / Regulations Cost Analysis Air Quality Information System (AQIS)
36 Installations Norway: Oslo Sarpsborg Fredrikstad Drammen Grenland Trondheim Bergen Stavanger Mo i Rana Bilbao, Spain Katowice, Poland Romania Stockholm, Sweden Saudi Arabia China: Yantai Heilongjang Guangzhou Shanxhi (3 cities) National Monitoring Center EU-projects: IRENIE APNEE Oscar ENV-e-City Urban exposure Haifa, Israel Botswana Durban, South Africa HoChiMinh, Vietnam
37 Norwegian Institute for Air Research NILU POBox 100 NO-2027 Kjeller Norway Fax:
38 ENSIS Sensor and monitor development Data logging and quality control Data transfer and processing Statistical and numerical modelling Data presentation using geographical information systems
39 Air Meteorology OL 94 Arenas Forest Water Energy Traffic Industry Sensors Data transfer NIT Database Agriculture Models Presentations Waste GIS
40 ENSIS Air Water Agric. Forest Others Database UNIX Models PC GISsystems User interface Other presentation system Presentations for Users GIS INFO 94
41 EUREKA Lillehammer 94 ENSIS in INFO 94 Lillehammer terminals / accreditated users 30 transactions per hour in each terminal ~ requests for environmental information during the Olympic Games
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