Coplanar and Proximity Radio Frequency Noise and Interference Rejection Using Transmission-Line Met material Devices

Transcription

1 ISSN: ISO 900:008 Certified Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig ad Iovative Tehology (IJEIT) Volume 4, Iue 0, April 05 Coplaar ad Proximity Radio Frequey Noie ad Iterferee Rejetio Uig Tramiio-Lie Met material Devie Omar Siddiqui College of Egieerig, Taibah Uiverity, Madiah, Saudi Arabia Abtrat with the advet of moder teleommuiatio ytem with everal devie itegrated o the ame iruit board, the oie ad iterferee related iue have beome more ritial tha ever. I reet year, metamaterial have bee utilized i differet way to mitigate the oplaar oie ad uwated igal iterferee. Thi paper ivetigate uppreio of harmoi ad oplaar iterferee i iruit board that utilize metamaterial devie. It ha bee how i a imulatio tudy that by uig metamaterial baed devie, the oie ad harmoi effet a be igifiatly redued. Thi lead to igal propagatio with leer mutual iterferee ad leaer pule propagatio. Idex Term Noie ad Iterferee uppreio, mutual ouplig, metamaterial, maximally flat filter, rat-rae oupler. I. INTRODUCTION With the advet of moder ommuiatio gadget uh a mart phoe ad tablet, multi devie itegratio ha beome a ievitable eeity. Several ommuiatio ytem that oupy a wide frequey petrum hare the ame iruit board ad bak plae. I uh a widebad oiy eviromet whih ilude devie uh a mobile phoe, GPS, ad Wifi atea i loe proximity, the radio frequey (RF) deiger ha to deal with iue uh a harmoi iterferee, o- ad adjaet hael oie, ad higher order radiatio. I reet year, metamaterial baed devie ad bakplae deig have bee effetively applied i oiy RF eviromet [-7]. The metamaterial baed iruit board ad ubtrate [,3,4] are very effetive i the oie ad iterferee redutio. But for large bakplae, thi method i expeive. The uwated oie ad radiatio a alo be mitigated by employig metamaterial uit ell at eletive loatio o the iruit board [,7]. I uh ae, the uwated igal are bloked i a ertai diretio oly. Aother effetive approah i utilizig metamaterial baed devie whih are deiged to elimiate the frequey-eletive oie ad iterferee by exploitig the iheret diperive propertie of metamaterial [5,6]. The uwated igal i uh devie are elimiated by employig ompoet that demotrate bad-pa harateriti. Hee they effetively aborb the iterferig igal o that they are bloked i all diretio. Moreover, ie the metamaterial ell are applied to the devie oly, the exitig iruit board a till be employed, thu makig the method eoomial. Port Port 4 Port 3 Port 4 m.5 m 5.5 m Fig. Shemati diagram of the two adjaet igal trae that are eparated by a 00 m ditae, a imulated i the Agilet Mometum. V (Port ) Four Port Devie 4 3 V (Port ) Two Port Devie m 8.5 m 6 m V 3 (Port 3) Gauia Soure V 4 (Port 4) Fig. Coplaar four port ad two port devie oeted to adjaet igal trae To demotrate the iterferee ad oie redutio i the oplaar iruit appliatio uig metamaterial, a umerial tudy i performed by employig two mirowave devie o adjaet igal trae. The hemati diagram of the two trae whih are eparated by 00m i how i Fig.. The four port trae i firt imulated i the eletromageti full-wave deig pakage Agilet Mometum ad the the S-parameter are imported i Agilet ADS for a o-imulatio. A four port dual-bad devie ad a two port igle board devie are oeted to the two igal trae to ivetigate the iterferee i the.5 GHz bad. The two devie are oeted aordig to the hemati give i Fig.. The iput port are exited by petrum-limited modulated Gauia igal. The outlie of thi paper i a follow. Setio II preet the deig of the two port devie 3 m 3

2 ISSN: ISO 900:008 Certified Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig ad Iovative Tehology (IJEIT) Volume 4, Iue 0, April 05 whih i a.5 GHz maximally-flat badpa filter. I Setio III, the four-port devie whih i a 0.75 GHz rat-rae oupler i deiged by uig traditioal ad metamaterial mirowave elemet. To how the oie ad iterferee mitigatio uig metamaterial devie, the two four-port devie re equetially oeted to the port 4 of the igal trae (a how i Fig ). The frequey domai reult of thi ofiguratio are preeted i Setio IV. I Setio V, it i how that by time-domai imulatio that the metamaterial baed devie ot oly uppree the igal i uwated bad, it alo guaratee leaer propagatio with redued iter-ymbol iterferee. Table provide the uit elemet value ad the aled lumped elemet value after the low pa to bad pa traformatio. The fial filter prototype i give i Fig. 3. The tramiio harateriti, plotted i Fig. 4, how deired 0% pa bad etered at.5 GHz. II. THE TWO PORT DEAVICE DESIGN AND S-PARAMATERS A five tage maximally flat bad pa filter etered at approximately.5 GHz with a 0% badwidth i deiged by applyig the tadard filter deig proedure [8]. The idutive ad apaitive ompoet value for the th erie tage, whih replae the erie low-pa idutor, i give by: Table : Maximally Flat Filter Deig Stage () g (Low-pa Prototype) Bad-pa traformatio 0.68 L =.3H, C = 0.3pF.68 L = 0.3H, C =.9pF 3.00 L 3 = 39.8H, C 3= 0.09pF 4.68 L 4 = 0.3H, C 4=.9pF L 5 =.3H, C 5 = 0.3pF.3H 0.3pF L C 39.8H 0.09 pf L3 C3.3H 0.3pF L5 C5 L C L 4 C4 0.3H.9 pf 0.3H.9 pf 50 Fig. 3. Shemati diagram of a Maximally-flat five tage bad pa filter og L () C o V 4 () g Where i the peretage, i the eter frequey, ad o i the ytem impedae. Badwidth O the other had, LC value for the th hut (low-pa apaitive) tage are obtaied by the followig traformatio: o L (3) g C g o (4) Fig. 4. The tramiio harateriti of the maximally flat badpa filter etered at.5 GHz III. THE FOUR PORT DEVICE DESIGN AND S-PARAMETERS The traditioal oupler (Fig. 5a) oit of ix tramiio lie egmet, eah havig a eletrial legth of 90o at the deig frequey (aumed to be 0.75 GHz i thi paper). I the metamaterial oupler (Fig. 5b), the tramiio lie egmet are replaed by four left-haded uit ell with a Bloh phae hift of.5o eah. A how i Fig. 6, the uit ell oit of tramiio lie egmet loaded with erie ad hut impedae give by: jc h (5) jlh jc (6) The deig proedure i diued i a earlier publiatio [5,6]. The fial uit ell ompoet value are provided i Table. Table : Metamaterial Uit Cell Deig d 4.6mm d 9.4 C 8.4pF C h 0.5 pf 0.4H L h The rat-rae a be operated i may way but here equal power plit i-phae repoe i oidered. I thi appliatio, the iput power that i fed at port () plit ito half at port ad 3 with a equal phae of. The tramiio oeffiiet (S ) for the two oupler are determied by the Mirowave iruit imulator Agilet ADS ad the plot i how i Fig. 7. The 3dB tramiio repoe at the deig frequey of 0.75 GHz for both plot idiate the equal power plit. However, additioal 3dB mode i obtaied for the traditioal oupler at three time the deig frequey i.e..5 GHz beaue of the iheret h 4

3 ISSN: ISO 900:008 Certified Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig ad Iovative Tehology (IJEIT) Volume 4, Iue 0, April 05 periodi repoe of a tramiio lie. The metamaterial uit ell blok the higher harmoi o aout of it diperio propertie. The higher order mode i uppreed by almot 5 db by the metamaterial oupler. () (3) Uit () (3) () (4).44 o (a) Traditioal oupler Cell ().44 o (4) (b) Metamaterial Coupler Fig. 5. The hemati diagram of (a) a traditioal rate-rae oupler ad (b) it implemetatio uig metamaterial uit ell of Fig 6. IV. THE S-PARAMETER FREQUENCY DOMAIN SIMULATIONS ON THE CO-PLANAR SIGNAL TRACES To ompare the behavior of the two oupler i the o-plaar eviromet, they are oeted equetially at the output of oe of the igal trae of Fig., while the maximally flat filter i oeted to the adjaet trae. The tramiio oeffiiet S orrepod to the power traferred to the output port of the oupler ad S 34 i the power traferred to output of the filter. With the traditioal oupler i the iruit, the two tramiio oeffiiet are depited i Fig. 8. The mutual iterferee due to the eod harmoi leakage at.5 GHz aue obviou igal deterioratio at the eter of the filter pa bad. Whe the traditioal oupler i replaed by the metamatarial oupler, the eod harmoi of the oupler i well uppreed, a depited i Fig. 9. Coequetly, the pa bad filter harateriti are muh improved. Hee plaig the metamaterial ompoet i the iruit erve two purpoe i thi appliatio. It uppree the eod harmoi whih a be ued for other appliatio. Moreover, it redue the o-plaar iterferee whih a otherwie aue evere igal degradatio. d / / / d / d, h d, Fig. 6. The metamaterial uit ell ued to implemet the rate-rae oupler. The deig ha bee performed i [6] Fig. 8. The tramiio repoe of a traditioal oupler ad a maximally flat filter whe oeted i a oplaar iruit eviromet to adjaet igal trae. Fig. 7. The tramiio repoe of the traditioal ad metamaterial oupler whe the iput i provided at port ad output i determied at port. The ame repoe i oberved at port 3. Fig. 9. The tramiio repoe of a metamaterial oupler ad a maximally flat filter whe oeted i a oplaar iruit eviromet to adjaet igal trae. 5

4 ISSN: ISO 900:008 Certified Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig ad Iovative Tehology (IJEIT) Volume 4, Iue 0, April 05 V. TIME-DOMAIN GAUSSIAN PULSE SIMULATIONS ON THE CO-PLANAR SIGNAL TRACES Coider the hemati diagram give i Fig.. The adjaet igal trae are exited by the Gauia pule modulated at 0.75 GHz ad.5 GHz, give by the followig equatio: ( tt ) ( tt ) v ( t) v3 ( t) e o(f t) e o(f t) (7) Where ad are the tadard deviatio of the Gauia pule that are modulated o f =.5GHz ad f = 0.75 GHz repetively. Here ad are aumed to be ad 3 repetively. The time t ad t are the delay i the.5 GHz ad 0.75 GHz pule ad are give by 0 ad 30 repetively. Firt oider the ae whe a traditioal oupler i oeted to the port. The Gauia pule that appear at the output of the oupler ad filter are depited i Fig. 0. Sie the Maximally flat badpa filter doe ot let the 0.75 GHz pule pa through it, oly the higher frequey pule appear at it output. At the oupler output, o the other had, both pule appear. Note that the harmoi iterferee from the oupler affet the igal at the filter output whih reult i the igal deterioratio. Coequetly, thi a alo aue iter-ymbol iterferee if multiple pule are tramitted. iterferee a reult. Thi i due to the ability of the metamaterial oupler to effetively uppre the higher frequey mode a depited i Fig. b. (a) Filter Output (b) Metamaterial Coupler Output Fig.. The.5 ad 0.75 GHz Gauia pule a they appear at the output of (a) the metamaterial oupler ad (b) the maximally flat filter etered at 0.75 GHz. The output pule at the filter output i muh leaer. The eod harmoi at the output of the oupler i uppreed. (a) Filter Output (b) Traditioal Coupler Output Fig. 0. The.5 ad 0.75 GHz Gauia pule a they appear at the output of (a) the traditioal oupler ad (b) the maximally flat filter etered at 0.75 GHz. at the filter output, igle deterioratio i viible Whe the traditioal oupler i replaed by the metamaterial oupler, the mutual iterferee i uppreed at the output of the filter, a depited i Fig. a. Hee the output Gauia pule i muh leaer ad o iter-ymbol VI. CONCLUSION Metamaterial mirowave ompoet a be employed to igifiatly redue mutual iterferee ad oie i prited iruit board with multiple devie. I thi paper, behavior of traditioal ad metamaterial mirowave ompoet i a oplaar oiy prited iruit eviromet have bee ompared via full-wave umerial imulatio. The metamaterial devie have bee how to demotrate exellet oie ad iterferee uppreio ompared to their traditioal outerpart. I partiular, the igal propagatio at 0.75 ad.5 GHz i how to take plae with muh redued harmoi ad iter-ymbol iterferee. REFERENCES [] H.-M. Lee ad H.-S. Lee, A dual bad aborber baed with reoat-mageti truture, Progre I Eletromageti Reearh Letter, Vol. 33, pp. -, 0 [] A. Ruaro, J. Thaye, ad K. Jakobe, Mitigatio of Uwated Forward Narrow-bad Radiatio from PCB with a Metamaterial Uit Cell, i Pro. of Europea Mirowave Coferee (EuMC), pp , Ot. 03. [3] A. I. Gila ad R. Ferádez-Garíaa, Eletromageti iterferee redutio i prited iruit board by uig metamaterial: a odutio ad radiatio impat aalyi, 6

5 ISSN: ISO 900:008 Certified Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig ad Iovative Tehology (IJEIT) Volume 4, Iue 0, April 05 Joural of Eletromageti Wave ad Appliatio, vol. 8, pp , 04. [4] S. Shahparia, O. Ramahi, Eletromageti Iterferee (EMI) Redutio from Prited Ciruit Board (PCB) Uig Eletromageti Badgap Struture, IEEE Traatio o Eletromageti Compatibility, Vol. 46, Iue 4, pp , Nov, 004. [5] O. Siddiqui, O., A. Mohra, A Harmoi-Suppreed Miro trip Atea Uig a Metamaterial-Ipired Compat Shut-Capaitor Loaded Feed lie, Progre I Eletromageti Reearh C, vol. 5, pp. 5 6, 03 [6] O. Siddiqui, Numerial Ivetigatio of Phae ad Group Propagatio of Time-Domai Sigal i a Novel Bad-Rejet Metamaterial Rig Hybrid, aepted for publiatio i Joural of Computer ad Commuiatio, April 05 [7] M. Bait-Suwailam, O. Siddiqui ad O. M. Ramahi, Mutual Couplig Redutio betwee Miro trip Path Atea uig Slotted Complemetary Split-Rig Reoator, IEEE Atea ad Wirele Propagatio Letter, Vol. 9, pp , 00 [8] D. Pozar, Mirowave Egieerig. 3rd Editio, Joh Wiley & So, pp AUTHOR S PROFILE Omar Siddiqui graduated with PhD from Uiverity of Toroto i 006. He ha worked a Radio Frequey Deig Egieer i variou Teleommuiatio Compaie worldwide. Curretly, Dr Siddiqui i aoiated with College of Egieerig at Taibah Uiverity i Madiah, Saudi Arabia. He ha everal publiatio ad o goig reearh projet i the field of Mirowave Egieerig ad Eletromageti. 7