On the Multivariate Analysis of the level of Use of Modern Methods of Family Planning between Northern and Southern Nigeria

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1 Iteratioal Joural of Sciece: Baic ad Applied Reearch (IJSBAR) ISSN (Prit & Olie) O the Multivariate Aalyi of the level of Ue of Moder Method of Family Plaig betwee Norther ad Souther Nigeria Athoy C. Akpata a*, Idika E. Okorie b a,b Abia State Uiverity Uturu Nigeria a ac_akpa@yahoo.com b i.okorie@yahoo.com Abtract The recetly publihed 03 Natioal Demographic ad Health Survey (NDHS) reult how a great apathy i the ue of moder family plaig method, depite the whoopig fiacial ad material reource beig pluged ito it. Worried by thi iigificat level of ue, the eed to dicer where more of the apathy i (North or South) become ievitable. Thi paper, therefore, tratified the NDHS data o the level of ue of the moder method of Family Plaig ito two, adopted the Hotellig T techique of the Multivariate Aalyi i determiig whether ay igificat differece exit betwee the level of ue i Norther ad Souther part of Nigeria. The reult obtaied how a igificat differece ad a t-tet of the differece of the mea of the two trata how that the level of ue of moder method of Family Plaig i more i the Souther part tha i the Norther part of the coutry. Keyword: Family Plaig; Moder Method; Multivariate Aalyi; Vector Mea; Variace- Covariace Matrix, Hotellig T * Correpodig author. addre: ac_akpa@yahoo.com. 49

2 Iteratioal Joural of Sciece: Baic ad Applied Reearch (IJSBAR)(05) Volume 4, No, pp Itroductio Geerally, accurate data i cetral to the maagemet of iue to improve the quality of ay give populatio. I Nigeria, the Natioal Populatio Commiio (NPC) i tatutorily empowered, through ceue ad urvey, to collate, aalyze ad diemiate demographic data ad co-ordiate ad moitor the atioal populatio policy for utaiable developmet. Stakeholder ad policy maker rely, to a great extet, o the Commiio for eceary atioal developmet data. Oe of uch urvey wa the 03 Nigeria Demographic ad Health Survey (NDHS) whoe reult were recetly releaed with valuable idicator o the health ad livig tadard of the Nigeria people. Exteive iformatio o the level of tred of fertility, family plaig, materal ad child health ad exually tramitted ifectio i the coutry were obtaied from the urvey. The digutig revelatio from the urvey reult with repect to the level of ue of family plaig method eceitated the coveig of The 3 rd Family Plaig Coferece with the theme Bridgig the Gap betwee Kowledge ad Practice of Family Plaig i Nigeria i Abua. Family plaig which ca be ee a a volutary tep take by idividual to prevet, delay or achieve a pregacy ha proved to be a powerful tool i combatig poverty ad reducig materal mortality, epecially if doe effectively. Stake holder i the health ector, epecially family plaig expert were at the Coferece to coider amog other thig the icredible diparity betwee kowledge of Family Plaig i Nigeria which i put at 85% ad the actual practice which i placed at oly 0% []. Although there are moder ad traditioal method of family plaig, we have oly retricted the work o the 8 moder method of family plaig captured i the urvey. They iclude: Pill, IUD, Iectible, Implat, Male codom, Lactatioal ameorrhea method (LAM), Stadard day method ad Other (which iclude Male terilizatio, Female codom ad Diaphragm). Data o the level of practice of thee method were obtaied from the urvey reult [], tratified ito two (North ad South) ad the ubected to further cietific aalyi with a view to fidig out the part of Nigeria ha bee repoible for thi low level of ue of family plaig method. Thi dicovery will, udoubtedly, help durig itervetio by relevat Agecie.. Method Whe we have a igle variable X with two radom ample of value from differet populatio ad let x i deote the value of X i the firt ample for i,,..., ad x i deote the value of X i the ecod ample for i,,...,, the the mea ad variace for the th ample are: x i i () x 50

3 Iteratioal Joural of Sciece: Baic ad Applied Reearch (IJSBAR)(05) Volume 4, No, pp ad ( xi x ) () Aumig ormality for X i both ample, a appropriate tet tatitic for tetig whether the two ample mea are igificatly differet from zero ivolve calculatig t (3) x x p + Where p i the pooled etimate of variace ad i give by p ( ) + ( ) + (4) The determiig whether (3) i igificatly differet from zero, it i compared with the t-ditributio with + degree of freedom. If we go o to ue the above method for each of the 8 moder method of family plaig uder dicuio to determie if ay of thee method appear to have had differet mea value for North ad South, the purpoe of the paper would be defeated. Our iteret i, ot to idividually look at them but, to kow whether the 8 variable (method) coidered together would give a igificat differece betwee North ad South. Coequetly, a Multivariate Aalyi become ievitable ad the Hotellig T tet readily come to mid. Geerally, give p variable X,...,, X X P ad ample with ad. Obtai ample mea vector X ad X ad ample covariace matricec ad C. A pooled etimate, C, of thee matrice i give by: C ( ) C + ( ) + C (5) The the Hotellig T tet-tatitic become: T ( X X ) C ( X X ) + (6) 5

4 Iteratioal Joural of Sciece: Baic ad Applied Reearch (IJSBAR)(05) Volume 4, No, pp Equatio 6 i amed after Harold Hotellig who developed it [3] a a geeralizatio of Studet t- tatitic of Equatio 3. Specifically, the Hotellig T ditributio arie i multivariate tatitic i udertakig tet of the differece betwee the (multivariate) mea of differet populatio, where tet for uivariate problem would make ue of a t-tet [4]. A igificatly large value for thi tatitic i evidet that the mea vector are differet for the ampled populatio. The igificace or iigificace of T i mot imply determied by uig the fact that i the ull hypothei cae of equal populatio mea the traformed tatitic F ( + p ) ( + T ) p (7) Follow a F ditributio with ad ( + p ) p degree of freedom, [5]. 3. Data Aalyi ad Reult The hypothei of iteret become: H : X South X North 0 H : X South X North R Statitical Software [6] ha bee ued to perform aalyi ad the followig reult obtaied: 5

5 Iteratioal Joural of Sciece: Baic ad Applied Reearch (IJSBAR)(05) Volume 4, No, pp

6 Iteratioal Joural of Sciece: Baic ad Applied Reearch (IJSBAR)(05) Volume 4, No, pp Deciio: H 0 i reected ice F calculated > F tabulated. Hece, we coclude that there i a igificat differece betwee the mea level of ue of moder Family Plaig Method i the Souther ad Norther Nigeria. To kow where the level of ue i more, aother imple tet (Welch Two Sample t-tet) i carried out. H 0 : X South X North H : X South < X North Table : Summary of Reult Mea South Mea North t Df p-value Statitic Deciio: The iformatio i Table how o ufficiet evidece agait the ull hypothei at 5% level of igificace. Thi i becaue of the large p-value of which i greater tha Cocluio The work coidered the recetly publihed 03 Natioal Demographic ad Health Survey (NDHS) data o the level of ue of moder family plaig method. Stratified the data ito two -Norther ad Souther Nigeria ad adopted the Hotellig T techique of the Multivariate Aalyi i determiig whether ay igificat differece exit betwee the level of ue i Norther ad Souther Nigeria. The reult obtaied how a igificat differece. Aother tet to how whether the mea level of ue of moder family plaig method i greater i the South tha the North wa carried out ad reult how i Table idicate that the ull hypothei caot be reected. Hece, we coclude that there i more level of ue of the method i the Souther tha i 54

7 Iteratioal Joural of Sciece: Baic ad Applied Reearch (IJSBAR)(05) Volume 4, No, pp the Norther Nigeria. I other word, the Norther part of Nigeria accout more for the geerally low level of ue of moder family plaig method. From the fidig, the paper recommed more itervetio ad advocacy o the level of ue of the moder family plaig method i the Norther part of the coutry. Referece [] Webite, lat date acceed 4\4\05, [] Natioal Populatio Commiio (NPC) Nigeria ad ICF Iteratioal. 04. Nigeria Demographic ad Health Survey, 03. Abua, Nigeria ad Rockville,Marylad, USA. NPC ad ICF Iteratioal. [3] H. Hotellig.93. The geeralizatio of Studet ratio Aal of Mathematical Statitic (3): [4] Webite, lat date acceed 4\4\05, http: //e.wikipedia.org/wiki/hotellig _T_quared_ditributio [5] C. Chartfield ad A.J. Colli Itroductio to Multivariate Aalyi. Chapma ad Hall, New York. [6] R Developmet Core Team R: A laguage ad eviromet for tatitical computig // R Foudatio for Statitical Computig. - Viea, Autria : [..],