Herschel Mission Status Star and Planet Formation Over the Most Recent 12 GigaYears
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1 Herschel Mission Status Star and Planet Formation Over the Most Recent 12 GigaYears From Atoms Pebbles: Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble, 20-23/03/2012 Göran Pilbratt, Herschel Project Scientist, ESA 1 of 51 Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #1
2 Launch on 14 May days inflight on 8 February 2012 today OD#1042 will be commencing! Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star 2 and of Planet 51 Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #2
3 Topics Mission overview & general status Status overview, observing efficiency Data reduction and data products Publications and communications Pointing evolution Optics characteterisation Guidestar catalogue Performance Mission lifetime Prediction, adopted lifetime, execution predictions Star formation Near and far Now and over cosmic time Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #3
4 Mission overview and general status Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #4
5 Importance of the FIR & submm Credit: WMAP Half of the energy created in the Universe since the CMB has been reprocessed into the IR Herschel covers the IR peak and pushes into the submillimetre Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #5
6 Herschel the science instruments 3-band camera 250, 350, 500 µm (all simultaneous) Imaging FT spectrometer µm (simultaneously) λ/δλ = (high-res) = (low res) 7-channel heterodyne receiver GHz ( µm) GHz ( µm) λ/δλ = Instantaneous BW: 4 GHz 3-band camera 70 or 100, 160 µm (2 simultaneous) Imaging grating spectrometer µm (3 orders) λ/δλ = JBO Seminar March Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #6
7 Herschel the machine ~4 m 3 novel science instruments: PACS, SPIRE, HIFI Detectors working at ~2 K and 300 mk Warm electronics in SVM Launch Mass: ~3400 kg Power: ~1200 W 3-axis stabilisation 7.2 m Sunshield and solar array Telescope (3.5m) Helium-II cryostat (~ 2400 litres, 3.5 years lifetime) Service Module Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #7
8 Overall mission status La vie est belle Herschel works well and delivers good data The odd minor issues (including ground station issues) that do occur are taken care of by operational procedures. Occasional SEUs most of the time without implications, but sometimes some time is lost. Longterm average lost science <4%. Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #8
9 Histogram of Time Usage per OD ODs Observing status OD# SEU 100% 80% PACS H/W DEC/MEC PACS H/W SPU-S Blue Channel (red OK) 60% SPIRE 1sec. t-shift. Science recovered. Slew T Not us Lost T per OD Partia HIFI Anomaly 40% HIFI ICU SEU HIFI Instrument Anomaly HIFI LCU SEU with power cycle HIFI LCU SEU SPIRE SEU (loss of SPIRE in Parallel Mode) PACS DECMEC anomaly (AR-70) PACS SPU-S Blue Channel anomaly (red OK) SPIRE time-line shift (AR-88/SCIAT-67): Science recovered. 915/916 SPIRE SEU 940/941 SPIRE SEU Slew Time Not used Time Failed // SPIRE part Lost Time Operations Windows Observation Time 20% Opera / / / / / / Operations Windows include orbit manoeuvres, reaction wheel biasing etc. and HIFI switch-on! Not used time includes thermal stabilisation times and other operationally required inactive periods. NOTE: Some slews include SPIRE data taking. This has not been included in the "green time. Obser 0% Total lost time from OD#170 to OD#974 all sources : ~535 hours (3.5%) Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View: of Star andhours Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #9 Total lost time from OD#600 to OD#974 all sources ~200 (2.8%)
10 Overall mission status La vie est belle Herschel works well and delivers good data The odd minor issues (including ground station issues) that do occur are taken care of by operational procedures. Occasional SEUs most of the time without implications, but sometimes some time is lost. Longterm average lost science <4%. In DTCP#1029 HIFI was turned off by the spacecraft. Turning it on again will commence in DTCP#1043 (tomorrow!) Execution of science observations routinely >18 hr/day, the record is average hr/day for a two-week scheduling cycle. Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #10
11 Science observing evolution since the very first science observation Early science due lack of HIFI SDP execution mainly in November- December 2009 Early 2010 HIFI back, PV & SDP Spring 2010 SPIRE & PACS spectroscopy modes optimisation From around May 2010 full Routine Science Phase operations Overall PV duration about 5 months Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #11
12 Science observing evolution Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #12
13 Overall mission status La vie est belle Herschel works well and delivers good data The odd minor issues (including ground station issues) that do occur are taken care of by operational procedures. Occasional SEUs most of the time without implications, but sometimes some time is lost. Longterm average lost science <4%. In DTCP#1029 HIFI was turned off by the spacecraft. Turning it on again will commence in DTCP#1043 (tomorrow!) Execution of science observations routinely >18 hr/day, the record is average hr/day for a two-week scheduling cycle. Status weekly updated on the HSC website under Latest News. Also available are Observing Log and Observing Schedule. Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #13
14 Overall mission status - observing Herschel works well and delivers good data Status weekly updated on the HSC website under Latest News. Also available are Observing Log and Observing Schedule (scheduled but not yet executed observations). Also HSA of course The KPs have been concluded, we are now mainly executing OT1. Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #14
15 Overall mission status La vie est belle Herschel works well and delivers good data The odd minor issues (including ground station issues) that do occur are taken care of by operational procedures. Occasional SEUs most of the time without implications, but sometimes some time is lost. Longterm average lost science <4%. In DTCP#1029 HIFI was turned off by the spacecraft. Turning it on again will commence in DTCP#1043 (tomorrow!) Execution of science observations routinely >18 hr/day, the record is average hr/day for a two-week scheduling cycle. Status weekly updated on the HSC website under Latest News. Data processing software continuously improved (now HIPE 8.1). Fourth bulk HSA data re-processing about to commence, and an updated more powerful new technology HSA to be released. User provided data products are increasingly made available, and KP wrap-up telecons just started. Publications and Communications Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #15
16 PACS SPG: HCSS HIPE v8.2 PACS browse products SPG HCSS 3.0 SPG HCSS 6.0 SPG HCSS 6.1 Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #16
17 SPIRE SPG HCSS improvements Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #17
18 Bulk Reprocessing of HSA contents System Throughput: Much improved, a big leap forward: v2.x bulk reprocessing (~ 8 ODs/day) v4.1 bulk reprocessing (< 4 ODs/day) v6.1 bulk reprocessing (~ 20 ODs/day) v8.2 next bulk reprocessing (spring 2012) Herschel Science Archive: Provides data products at several levels of processing New technology archive to be rolled out any time now User Provided Data Products welcome & wrap-up telecons Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #18
19 User Provided Data Products Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #19
20 Publication tracking Using ADS on 16/03/2012: From 07/2010 (publ date of A&A Herschel Special Issue) Abstract should include (and/or): Herschel, PACS, SPIRE, HIFI All refereed articles, after checking ( weeding /adding) now 379 papers A publication list is being maintained on the HSC website Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #20
21 Publication tracking Using ADS on 16/03/2012: Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #21
22 PR aka Communications ESA wants to communicate your results Provides expertise/resources science writers, image making Provides the channels websites, mailing lists, etc All material can be used by others Wants to create win-win situation Possibilities Web-releases Portal and/or SciTech Exceptionally fully fledged press release Press representatives invited in person Done in connection with First Results Symp in May 2010 Project Scientist is your contact point PS will initiate process applying for resources Web-page providing information Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #22
23 PR aka Communications Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #23
24 PR aka Communications Previous slide Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #24
25 Pointing a few words Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #25
26 Pointing evolution Starting point Early in the mission APE ~2 established, but scanmap speedbumps and occasional pointing outliers were being reported Speedbumps Speedbumps attributed to warm STR CCD pixels On OD#299 a lower STR temperature was tested (-10 C vs +13 C) From OD#320 the STR temperature was lowered to -10 C However, in OD# an erroneous SIAM was used, corrected a posteriori in downlink (all observations checked) The speedbumps were alleviated Pointing checks and plate scale Monitoring of pointing performance indicated STR plate scale errors but results were not straightforward to interpret Average OD# pointing APE ~2.4, but varying +/-0.5 From spring 2011 the PACS ICC greatly contributed to this effort Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #26
27 Pointing evolution STR plate scale characterization updates aka focal length corrections 1-dimensional (aka focus ) focal length correction Implemented for OD#762 (14 June 2011) APE improved from ~2.4 arcsec to ~1.4 arcsec 2-dimensional (aka tilt ) focal length correction Test in OD#858 (18 September 2011), made permanent from OD#866 (26 September 2011) APE achieved ~1.1 arcsec 5-dimensional (aka polynomial ) focal length correction Test-OD on OD#1005, made permanent from OD#1011 (18 February 2012) now APE ~0.85 arcsec Guidestar catalogue update Guidestar catalogue cleaning 76 targets flagged (out of 3500+) in DTCP#1032 (10 March 2012) initial check of APE confirmed ~0.85 arcsec Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #27
28 Mission Lifetime and execution Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #28
29 Mission (cryostat) lifetime (i) Thermal modelling, and (ii) He mass measurements Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #29
30 Mission (cryostat) lifetime ullage corr (i) Thermal modelling, and (ii) He mass measurements Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #30
31 Cryocooler analysis OD# Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #31
32 Cryocooler analysis OD# Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #32
33 Cryocooler analysis OD# Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #33
34 CVV temperature Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #34
35 CVV temperature Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #35
36 Tel M1/M2 temps Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #36
37 Tel M1/M2 temps Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #37
38 Overall execution status & prediction Completion of KP: KPGT ~99% 11/21 programmes completed KPOT ~98% 13/21 programmes completed Completion of AO1: GT1 ~94% 30/33 programmes completed OT1p1 ~70% 62/176 programmes completed OT1p2 ~2.2% Completion of AO2: GT2 ~28% 2/32 programmes completed OT2p1 ~4.6% Prediction: All KPGT/OT, GT1/2, and OT1/2p1 completed by end of 2012 Plus about 585 hr (~10% of total p2) per month until boil-off For illustration, in reality no sharp border between p1 and p2 Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #38
39 Star Formation Near and Far, and Over Cosmic Time Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #39
40 Filaments permeate the ISM on all scales Herschel SPIRE 500 µm +PACS 160/70 µm Planck HFI 540/350 µm + IRAS 100 µm Aquila ESA and the Gould Belt KP ESA and the HFI Consortium Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #40
41 Herschel: IC 5146 filaments Arzoumanian et al. 2011, A&A 529, L6 Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #41
42 Herschel: IC5146 filaments origin? Origin of filaments? Three possible contenders: Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #42
43 Herschel: IC5146 filaments origin!(?) The turbulent fragmentation naturally fits the observed ~0.1 pc filament width => sonic scale of ISM turbulence Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #43
44 Herschel: Aquila stars form in filaments Protostars and prestellar cores are preferentially found in MC filaments with densities above a critical value Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #44
45 Suggesting link prestellar CMF & IMF Könyves et al André et al A&A special issue prestellar cores in Aquila - factor ~ 2-9 better statistics than earlier studies: Prestellar Core Mass Function (CMF) in Aquila Complex IMF CMF ε e.g. Motte, André, Neri 1998; Johnstone et al. 2000; Beuther & Schilke 2004; Stanke et al. 2006; Enoch et al. 2006; Alves et al. 2007; Nutter & Ward- Thompson 07 Good (~ one-to-one) correspondence between core mass and system mass: M * = ε M core with ε ~ in Aquila The IMF is at least partly determined by pre-collapse cloud fragmentation (cf. models by Padoan & Nordlund 2002, Hennebelle & Chabrier 2008) Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #45
46 Hi-GAL montage Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #46
47 Herschel & XMM BBC Stargazing Live Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #47
48 Herschel & XMM BBC Stargazing Live Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #48
49 Herschel & XMM BBC Stargazing Live Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #49
50 Progress in submm observations 1998 SCUBA HDF: 5 sources after 20 exceptional nights To scale! ~3 arcmin 4 x Herschel-ATLAS SDP field: ~7,000 sources in 16 hours 3% of total => 235,000!! Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #50
51 Evolution of the 250 um Luminosity Function Dye et al., A&A 518, L10, 2010 (Special Issue) 3 billion years ago 2 billion years ago 1 billion years ago Now Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #51
52 PACS Initial Results 250 µm GOODS-N (Oliver) SDP Workshop Press Conference, 16-Dec µm 500 µm 10 arcmin SPIRE 250/350/500 µm Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #52
53 PACS Initial Results 250 µm SDP Workshop Press Conference, 16-Dec-2009 GOODS-N (Oliver & Lutz) PACS 100/160 µm 350 µm 500 µm 10 arcmin SPIRE 250/350/500 µm Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #53
54 Deep Herschel/PACS blank fields PEP GOODS-N 30h µm during Science demonstration phase ~300 sources PEP GOODS-S h µm ~800 sources Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #54
55 GOODS-Herschel (KPOT) + PEP (KPGT) The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey : far IR imaging with Herschel Deepest images of the sky in the 2 GOODS fields : 1818 sources down to 1 mjy at 100 µm, 2.6 mjy@160µm, 5mJy@250µm, 8mJy@350µm, 10mJy@500µm X UV U B V I Z J H K 3.6µm 4.5µm 5.8µm 8µm IRS16 MIPS24 radio 2x10-16 erg/s/cm 2 ~28AB 22AB µjy µjy µjy 1 µjy strong correlation bolometric IR with 8µm flux This ratio (IR8) sorts galaxies into 2 categories GOODS-North 'x15' Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #55
56 The typical Spectral Energy Distribution of main-sequence and starburst galaxies: two modes of star formation Two categories of galaxy: Main sequence: Extended star forming 90% Star bursts: Compact starbursts 10% Fall in cosmic SFR over time driven by decrease in gas mass, not merger rate Main sequence/extended star forming dominating since z~2.5 Elbaz et al % 10% Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #56
57 Herschel: SHINING ULIRG/AGN outflows Mrk 231: L IR = L (70% AGN) P-Cygni profile with blue-shifted absorption and redshifted emission v ~ 1,170 km/s Sturm et al Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #57
58 Herschel: SHINING ULIRG/AGN outflows Mrk 231: L IR = L (70% AGN) P-Cygni profile with blue-shifted absorption and redshifted emission v ~ 1,170 km/s Depletion time scale(m gas /M): ~4 x 10 6 yr Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #58
59 Herschel: SHINING ULIRG/AGN outflows Mrk 231 is but one example These ULIRG winds will expel the cold gas in the nuclei in ~ yr => halting the starformation activity on this timescale. Possible molecular gas outflow AGN negative feedback mechanism Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #59
60 Pulling it all together Arzoumanian et al., A&A 529, L6, 2011 Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #60
61 Water reservoir in TW Hydrae THANK YOU! Göran Pilbratt Herschel s View of Star and Planet Formation Grenoble 20 April 2012 vg #61
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