Raman and elastic lidar techniques for aerosol observation at CIAO
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1 Raman and elastic lidar techniques for aerosol observation at CIAO F. Madonna, A. Amodeo, I. Binietoglou, G. D Amico, A. Giunta, L. Mona, G. Pappalardo Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per l Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA) madonna@imaa.cnr.it
2 Raman vs Elastic: background Raman: α+β with no assumption on the lidar ratio S (only angstrom coefficient assumed χ, with low errors) Advanced lidar technique (multi-wavelength) Elastic: β using Klett or Fernald methods, assumption of S, constant throughout the profile (layer). Basic lidar tecnique (including ceilometers)
3 Potenza EArlinet Raman Lidar (PEARL) LASER: ND:YAG (Continuum Powerlite Precision II 9050) Max. pulse energy : Max. repetition rate 50Hz Beam divergence 0.25 mrad (beam expander 2X with remixing) RECEIVER: Cassegrain Telescope Diameter of the primary mirror 0.5 m Combined focal length Nighttime field of view Achromatic lens Ø=2, f=50cm 5m 1 mrad CHANNEL SELECTION Interference filters (FI), bandwidth 0.5 nm Polarizer beam splitter (BK7) a 532 nm (POL) Dichroic mirrors (DM e HT) Selection of high and low altitude channels PMT ACQUISITION Fotomultipliers (PMT) THORN EMI 9202QA 532, 532^, 532, 607 nm 9893/350B 355, 386 nm EG&G MCS PCI (100ns min dwell time, 150MHz photon counting) APD 1064 nm Licel Transient recorder (12bit 20 MHz analogic, 250 MHz photoncounting) Operational since 2000 (upgrade in 2005 of a pre-existing lidar system) FI1064 HT APD DM FI407 FI355 DM DM FI532 FI607 POL DM FI386 PMT PMT BS PMT PMT PMT Madonna et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 2010 PMT M CNR-IMAA, Tito (PZ), 14 September 2009
4 MUSA: MUltiwavelenght System for Aerosol LASER: ND:YAG (Continuum Surelite II-20) Max. pulse energy : Max. repetition rate 20Hz Beam divergence 0.6 mrad RECEIVER: Cassegrain Telescope Diameter of the primary mirror Combined focal length Nighttime field of view Achromatic lens 0.3 m 950 mm 1 mrad Ø=9mm, f=100mm CHANNEL SELECTION Interference filters (FI), bandwidth 0.5 nm Polarizer beam splitter (BK7) at 532 nm (POL) Dichroic mirrors (DM e HT) ACQUISITION Fotomultipliers (PMT), Hamamatsu R7400P , 387, 532, 532 nm R7400U nm APD 1064nm Licel Transient recorder (12bit 40 MHz analogic, 250 MHz photoncounting) Operational since April 2009 EARLINET Mobile Reference System CNR-IMAA, Tito (PZ), 14 September 2009
5 3β+2α+δ analysis from Raman lidar PEARL - Potenza, Italy, (40.60 N, E), 20 April 2010, 21:00-23:05 UTC b b b b a a Altitude a.s.l. (km) Back. Coeff. (sr -1 km -1 ) Ext. Coeff. (km -1 ) Lidar Ratio (sr) Angström exponent Particle Linear Depolarization ratio Mona et al., 2011, Atmos. Chem. Phys., submitted CNR-IMAA, Tito (PZ), 14 September 2009
6 Ceilometers CT25K 905 nm ceilometer Operational since August 2004 CHM15K 1064 nm ceilometer Operational since July 2009 CNR-IMAA, Tito (PZ), 14 September 2009
7 Sensitivity: 10/10/2010 PEARL nm u.a. CHM15k nm u.a Height (m a.g.l.) AOD 532nm = UTC UTC
8 Ceilometer calibration CT25K unattenuated backscattering only (Mona et al. 2009) CHM15k signal 1064 nm CIAO - Tito Scalo :15-20:15 UTC CHM15k PEARL CIAO - Tito Scalo :15-21:15 UTC CHM15k PEARL Height (m a.g.l.) Height (m a.g.l.) E nm signal (u.a) 1064 nm signal (u.a)
9 Influence of the lidar-ratio assumption on backscatter retrievals: 27/05/ Raman S30 S50 S80 Raman S30 S50 S80 Height (m a.g.l.) nm 532 nm Backscattering coefficient (m -1 sr -1 ) Böckmann et al., 2004; Pappalardo et al.,
10 Aerosol mask Mona et al. ACP special issue, submitted. Minimum and maximum investigated altitudes PBL top height PBL Aerosol Mixed aerosol Volcanic aerosol b1064>2 e-6 m-1 sr-1 5e-8<b1064<2 e-6 m-1 sr-1 b1064<5 e-8 m-1 sr-1 Cloud/cirrus Desert dust Forest Fires Aerosol UnknownAerosol
11 Lidar Radar synergy 19 April 2010 Lidar start time: 19:47 UT Radar: 24h operational
12 Observation of ultragiant aerosol CIAO, Tito Scalo, UTC 10 min 60 min Lidar Ratio (sr) Integration time: 10 minutes Lidar vertical resolution: m Ultragiant aerosol layer detected by the radar, characterised by high LDR values, is located between about 1.4 and 2.1 km above the ground. This layer is completely included in the lower volcanic aerosol layer observed by the lidar and characterized by a maximum value of the 355 nm volume backscattering coefficient of 2.3 Mm-1 sr-1. Madonna et al., (2010), Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21814, doi: /2010gl
13 Summary Aerosol layering in the low tropopshere Elastic (sensitivity assessment for ceilometers) Alerting system Elastic + backtraj ok in a preliminary phase, Aerosol masking using advanced Raman lidars Aerosol typing, optical and microphysical properties Raman (+depolarization) Integrated products Raman
14 Thanks
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